I-sobulumko Chinese Mencius. Ukufundiswa Mencius kuchaphulo olu

Le sobulumko wazalelwa kummandla zobukumkani Lu kwi BC ngenkulungwane yesihlanu. Ekuzalweni, waba igama MoE Dee. Ukufunda amagama zobulumko, sifumana ulwazi kule yaye indoda ophucukileyo. Waba ngunozala imfundiso yentanda nisekelwe isikolo sakhe. Ukuphulaphula icebiso lakhe nezihandiba zakhe, kunye abaqhelekileyo.

Foundation sazi ubulumko

Mencius bafunda inyaniso leyo luvelise Confucius, ngqo abalandeli bakhe, nangona wayengekho zikaConfucius. Akazange athathe kukholo ungaveli wabeka ngutitshala wenyaniso, zihlalutywe kwaye, ukuba kuyimfuneko, ukucela umngeni kubo. uqeqesho amaqabane ingabaginyi angqingqwa ngaphezu Mencius. ifilosofi lakhe liye ilinganiswe njengento kwabangazi enogonyamelo. kubekho ingxabano enogonyamelo imisinga kwindlela yokucinga bulumko.

Kakuhle eli iimfundiso

mfundiso Mencius njengoko paradigms yayo ephambili yenza le mithetho-siseko ilandelayo.

Abantu kufuneka siphile ngoxolo ukunikezela ingxabano lwangaphakathi. Ngenxa yoko, irhuluneli umthande bureaucrats kunye namagosa karhulumente - entlokweni yabo, abantwana bafanele bahlonele abazali babo vice versa.

Iimbono bulumko ngayo esi silumko baqiqa ngelithi kakubi kakhulu amandla kubangelwa kukungabi uthando, imfuneko sublime. Ukuba akunjalo, umntu izama ukuvala isikhewu kubantu umphefumlo yi na kuthetha kunokwenzeka. Emphakathini wonke kufuneka usebenze ukuze kuxhamle omnye komnye, yaye emva koko bonke iya kuba yanele indawo enkulu ulonwabo.

Ukunyaniseka, ukukhuthala, nobunyulu ziingcinga

zobulumko ucaphulo abaninzi, kuquka eli nani obalaseleyo, funda njenge ndlela ebonakalayo ebomini. Wayefundisa nje ukucinga kodwa ukusebenza, kuba iingcamango ekunene kufuneka ukukhuthaza umntu lo ukuba umsebenzi luncedo.

School Mencius wamvusa eyarhaxwayo yamajoni, estestvoznateley. Apha iphuhlisa ukucinga. Ukuba ukuqonda ukuba isicatshulwa Mencius, kuquka yamaxabiso zibonisa ukuba ihlabathi yakhelwe phezu isicwangciso enye, nto leyo kumiselwa indlela yezinto, intshukumo ye inkwenkwezi nganye esibhakabhakeni, namaxesha, utshintsho lobushushu. Ukongeza, phezu umyalelo lilawulwe ngurhulumente mdibi.

Works of Mencius waziswa intsingiselo entsha isiko sigqibo. Kwixesha elidlulileyo, zithandwa kakhulu eqhotyoshelwe oko sobulumko azama ukulwa. Mencius wathi, oko kubalulekile isihloko, kunye nezenzo ukuba ukuhlonipha kufuneka anokuzuzwa, awungeke ilifa.

Abantu ngelo xesha yakholwa imikhosi izithunzi ezikhanyayo nezimnyama elawula ubomi babantu. Nomfundisi wasebenzisa ngabantu ngokungazi in good order - njengokuba umalusi yokuziphatha ukuba awuthintele iintliziyo zabantu zivela amaza asezantsi. imibono yakhe, nobuchule ugwetyelwa ngokupheleleyo, ngenxa yokuba abantu bathathe lula iingcinga ezinjalo. Ezinye ze esekhona unanamhla. Ngokudala imifanekiso ezingqondweni zabantu uyandohlwaya imikhosi sobulumko Mna ndatyala kuzo ukuzeyisa.

Emilise wobukumkani efanelekileyo

Umntu elawula urhulumente, kufuneka rhoqo baphuculwa ukuze angenise umzekelo kubalandeli bakhe. Abantu kufuneka inkokeli unamandla uyabazi abantu bakhe. uya kwandula emva alandelane naye, ukuba ungamthemba. Ngoko ke iya kuba umnqweno umanyano.

Inkokeli osisilumko uya bonyule ngokwabo nabacebisi smart. Inani labemi kufuneka ajike abe yephiramidi, iindonga apho, ufana imitha yelanga somthi esibuyiselweyo ubulumko eyenza sublime komphefumlo. Ngaloo ndlela, iqembu elibusayo, kwakhona, yakhethwa iitalente afanelwe kunokuba imvelaphi. Igosa kwafuneka ukungqina ukuba ufanelwe ukuba akhokele kwabanye. Hlela - kuthetha ukuba ukuphulaphula, sibe novelwano. Ukuloyisa phezulu kufuneka ingxoxo kunye noluntu, iimfuno zomntu wonke zifezekisiwe.

Iindleko kunye neendleko kufuneka kugwetyelwa ngokungqongqo. Enyanisweni, indoda ayikho kangako kufuneka bonwabe. Kukunyoluka olahlwa kukhokelela ukungalingani kwezentlalo neziphithiphithi. Kufuneka ukuba ukuphuhlisa imveliso kunye ukubethelela uthando umsebenzi ngamnye. Kodwa lo inzondelelo kuphela xa umsebenzi uya kuba ngobulungisa kwaye ihlawulwe. Umntu ngokwemvelo ufuna ukusebenza, kodwa nesidima. Ukuba oku kukuqinisekisa ukuba kufuneka ukuba wena isabhokhwe khoboka.

Kwaye ngamazwi nangezenzo

Ekuqaleni zobulumko kuchaphulo olu kwaba uxhulumaniso oluthe ngqo kumanyathelo iinkcuba, kodwa sokunikeza. Ingakumbi, le ndoda uzama ukwaphula inkqubo ekumfimfitheni kwaye etshabalalisayo ixesha. Washumayela inceba, ububele, sinengqondo ephilileyo kunye nokuthatha uxanduva ngezenzo zabo. Umele uqale ngo ngokwakhe. Ukuba wonke umntu walandela le nyaniso elula, kwaye ngoko ke ihlabathi liphela uya kuguqulwa.

umfanekiso edunyiswa indoda amanene kunye singabamiselwe ezincinane. Wonke umntu kufuneka azame ukuba ukugqwesa, ukuphucula ngokwazo kunye nehlabathi usuku ngalunye entsha.

iikowuteshini

Nomfundisi wajoyina amagama adumileyo zobulumko lonke ixesha, lifikile nathi kwinkulungwane ubulumko bakhe, ngenxa kulandelayo kuye:

• "Izenzo zabantu ezisemgangathweni abaye babonisa ebantwini, kungekhona phezu kwamanzi."
• "Ngoku amanqwanqwa aphezulu abantu abaqotho ukuthatha unonophelo iinkcukacha, hayi izixa ezikhulu."
• "Abantu eziphucukileyo, ukubonisa uthando lo mzalwana ezincinane, wamkela uthando imbuyekezo; ngumntu onesidima ukucinga malunga nempumelelo umzalwana ezincinane, afumana ntle ophume endodeni ezincinane. "
• "Lowo iya kubeyisa naziphi na iingxaki kunye nobunzima, olunokusongamela oko akufunayo."
• "Lowo ongenalo ukholo ayikwazi kuba sisilumko."
• "Xa uthetha, uthethe ngokufanele ngokuchanileyo, ngokuthatha inyathelo, akugungqi."
• "Ukuthetha ukulunga, kodwa akunyanzelekanga ukuba ibe lityala olungileyo."
• "Ngaba kwakha kwaye musa ukucinga ukuba uya kwenza omnye umntu, senze ngokwalo."
• "Ukucela ulonwabo, enye ifowuni ayikwazi labaleka."
• "Thina ngokwethu -. Abenzi bemeko-ntle yabo inzuzo"
• "Ngubani na ukucinga nzulu, uthethe nje yaye ukuba ziyinyani, unalo ithuba lokuba abe yindoda egqibeleleyo."
• "Kuloo meko, xa umlawuli uba indoda uhlobo ofezekileyo, intlalo-ntle yabantu olukhulayo, kuba ilawula ngobulumko kwaye ngokufanelekileyo uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali. Emehlweni nabantu kunye nomlawuli ngokwakhe. "

Ukusasazwa kwenkcazelo inceba nobuntu

Mencius wayekholelwa ukuba umntu umele ube naso ukuze kuphunyezwe ofanelekileyo, baphakame balwele imigaqo yokuziphatha. Urhulumente kufuneka ukuba bachithe imali yabo kwi iimfazwe liliphalaza igazi elimsulwa, iphanga nogonyamelo. Xa lolawulo zonke izibonelelo iya kuba yanele kwaye wonke umntu uya kuba yonke eninzi, angenzi isono inzuzo.

Indelelo, uburheletyo, ukudideka, ukungabikho nemimiselo yokuziphatha kunokubangela isiphithiphithi. Ziindlalifa kufuneka bahlonele abazali babo, kufuneka ukufundisa abantu abanyanisekileyo kunye noxanduva, wasinika kunye neengcinga eziqaqambileyo kunye nemimoya elungileyo.

Umntu kufuneka engayithandi wena kuphela, kodwa abanye. Enyanisweni, bonke abantu - ukuba nefuthe kwindalo yawo. Oko kukuthi, uthando abanye, kwaye siyabahlonipha thina.

ukwabiwa lwamaxabiso

Sobulumko swi yokuba kukho into eninzi kakhulu yaye ezixabisekileyo ngaphezu inzuzo. xa efika kuqala kuphela kubonakala ukuba kufuneka uthathe ithuba imali, nokuba ingcolile, ukuba nje ngokuba wavela ithuba. Kodwa ngale ndlela umphefumlo wambu ngokundibamba irusi, apho ekugqibeleni yaye azibonakali.

Indoda iba isilwanyana sasendle. Nangona, ibuka izenzo abanye abantu, izilwanyana ziya kuba nambeko njengesicukuceza uthelekiso efanayo. Ngenxa yokuba isilwanyana angadli ngaphezu kokuba kufuneka. Ayizi ukulondoloza imali reserve. Ayinokwenza bale nokuhleka iziyolo. Ezi iitalente ezilula sanikwa kuphela inkosi yalo ihlabathi, umntu. Ukuba abantu bethandana, yonke into iya okwentyatyambo ukukhanya kakhulu kunye imibala eqaqambileyo. Ihlabathi liya kuba nedini bakhe mabazalise zonke amaphupho ingane ukukhanya ngevumba wonke umntu. Nganye iya kuba indawo akukho namnye uya kuhluthwa.

Le ndoda - sisidalwa lwentlalo. Uye imfuneko engxamisekileyo ngokutshintshiselana uthando ukukhanya kunye ngohlobo lwazo. Ngoko kutheni urhwebo ngummangaliso kwi ezibonakalayo oludlulayo, lo ukhula ngokukhawuleza vyanuschy, idla neengcambu imibala isidima. Le usuleleko Igcwele afe ngokukhawuleza kangaka, kangangokuba singabi nalo ixesha blink, kwaye inceba nobuntu - obungunaphakade. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo - ukwenza ukhetho olufanelekileyo.