Yakub Kolas: biography, ubuchule

Yakub Kolas, ogama engobomi izele iziganeko ezahlukeneyo, babehlala ngokwenene nzima kakhulu, kodwa ngokungathandabuzekiyo ubomi umdla. Lo mbhali Wafumana ke khona umntu ephawulekayo ngokwenene, kungekhona nje ekhaya, e Belarus, kodwa baziwa kakhulu kwamanye amazwe.
Kolas Yakub Mihaylovich kucingelwa ukuba ngunozala inkcubeko entsha kwaye mihla Belarusian. Kodwa ukuba izimvo evulekileyo wesizwe ngexesha lakhe, kwanyanzeleka ukuba ahlawule ixabiso eliphezulu ngokwaneleyo. Le ndoda phantse kwiminyaka emithathu, utsala isigwebo entolongweni njengebanjwa yezopolitiko.

indoda emangalisayo Yakub Kolas -biografiya

Bambalwa abantu bazi ukuba igama lokwenyani lwe umbhali Belarusian -Konstantin Mickiewicz. iincwadi zabo kwaye basebenze umntu Ngokutyikitya elakho, kwaye yiloo nto le ncwadi ehlabathini, waba waziwa phantsi kwegama kucingelwa -Yakub cola. Biography imbongi yaqala kwilali encinane Belarusian ebizwa Akinchitsy. Wazalwa ngo 03.11.1882, kwi-wehlathi yintsapho eqhelekileyo.

Akuthandeki ukuba abazali koko ucinge ukuba liphuma kumfana zesiqhelo encinane wayezama ukufunda ukufunda nokubhala kunye nobuntwana wayekuthanda ukufunda, akhule eyaziwa Yakub Kolas. ngobomi bakhe ubukhulu becala emiselwe into yokuba uyise, ukuba wehlathi elula, wenza konke okusemandleni ukuqinisekisa ukuba unyana wakhe wafumana imfundo efanelekileyo. Kananjalo nempembelelo enkulu uYakobi waba umalume wakhe -Anton. Ukuba nako ukufundisa le nkwenkwe uthando olukhulu uncwadi.

Biography: imfundo -Getting Yakub Kolas nokubonakaliswa lokuqala italente

Ngowe-1883, imbongi elizayo wafudukela nentsapho yakhe Lastok, apho wayeza ukuya kwiiklasi utitshala "abhadulayo" ogama Ales Fursevich. Jakub Okulandelayo waqhubeka nezifundo zakhe Nikolaevschinskoy kwisikolo sabaqalayo. Yaba ngeli xesha ukuba waba nomdla imisebenzi Gogol, Krylov, Pushkin, Nekrasov, Tolstoy kunye Lermontov. Phakathi neembongi zasekhaya umbono enkulu phezu komntwana wenza imibongo yakhe Janka Lucina. Ngowe-1892, Yakub Kolas, ifoto yayo thaca kweli nqaku, ababhalise kwizikolo zikarhulumente e Nikolaev, yaye emva kweminyaka emi-2 kakhulu abathweswe izidanga.

imveliso yakhe yokuqala cola wabhala eneminyaka engama-12. Yayibizwa ngokuba "Spring", yaye umphulaphuli yokuqala kule vesi wazala wembongi -Mikhail Kazimirovich. Yena Ndibanovuyo vesi unyana, ukuba lo msebenzi Maltsev thaca engange, ngelo xesha kwakukho isixa esikhulu.

Qala ubuchule Kolas

Ngowe-1898, wangena lo mfana utitshala Nesvizh kaThixo secawa, apho inxaxheba waqalisa ukuphuhlisa ngobomi bakhe zoncwadi. Yakub Kolas ngenkuthalo ngokunyanisekileyo ukufunda imisebenzi Mickiewicz, Shevchenko, Gogol, Koltsov, Franco. Ukongeza, kuba unomdla kakhulu kwi intsomi Belarusian, wafundela ezizwe makabhalwe isithethe Belarusians ngomlomo.

Ngaxeshanye, yena ngokwakhe uzama ukubhala ngolwimi lwabo lweenkobe. Ngokusisiseko, imibongo yakhe iprozi baba ubume kunye ubomi obulula abalimi zasemaphandleni, nto ayizange lula.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba umbhali mfana kakhulu iphenjelelwa ngenye yeetitshala zakhe - Kudrinsky. Wayekholiswa umsebenzi wakhe, umzobo ingqalelo into yokuba ukubaluleka ezithile iitekisi ezibhaliweyo in Belarusian. Ezo ukunconywa ngumntu othembekileyo kuphela ukuqinisekisile umnqweno aqhubeke Yakub umsebenzi wokubhala.

qala Zokulwa

Emva kokuphumelela kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo, owaphumelela eliselula umfundisi Polesie. Usaqhubeka ukuqokelela intsomi Belarusian, babhala imisebenzi yabo zobuzwe ngexesha elinye okokuqala wayeqhelene uncwadi olululo.

Yakub Kolas liqalisa liqhuba iintetho esebenzayo kunye abalimi, nto leyo ozama ukuyidlulisela kubo imfuneko ukulwela amalungelo abo. Ukuba indoda zizifundiswa, uyasinceda ukuba bazilungiselele kakuhle ngesikhalazo bomhlaba bendawo. Zibonisa imfuneko ukunika emadlelweni ukusetyenziswa zoluntu kunye namachibi. imisebenzi enjalo kunivuza abasemagunyeni, yaye njengoko sisohlwayo olu hlobo lomsebenzi, kungekudala Mitskevitsa kudluliselwa nokufundisa kwizikolo zikarhulumente Verhmenskoe.

Kodwa ke, umbhali akayeki inkxaso yabo. Ngowe-1906, waba lomququzeleli kunye nxaxheba ye Teachers 'Congress (mthethweni), apho inxaxheba ngazo imfuno kobhukuqo wolawulo tsarist. Kakade ke, le nkongolo sichithakele isikhungu ngamapolisa, yaye Mickiewicz waba phantsi kophando.

iincwadi kuqala kunye nokuvalelwa

Xa abangezotitshala, umbhali uyayamkela oluza eyaziwa yekhasi A. Vlasov kwaye iqala ukusebenza kuhlelo lephephandaba of "isabelo sethu". KaSeptemba 1, 1906 endlwini epapasha okokuqala, phantsi elakho Yakub Kolas, Mickiewicz ashicilelwe vesi.

Ngelo xesha, siya siqhuba uphando lombutho Congress zootitshala, naphezu nasekugqityweni kwayo umbhali wagwetywa iminyaka emithathu entolongweni. Utsala isigwebo kwiimeko ezinzima, uyaqhubeka ukusebenza. Ngoxa entolongweni, wazama ukuba ukohlwaya inani kawonke uKonstantin Mitskevitsa, kuya kuba uqinisele yaye waya esomelela mbongi-ngokuthanda Kolas Yakub. Imibongo, iincwadi ezibhaliweyo ngabo ngexesha lokuvalelwa, ekugqibeleni waba uphawu yakhe. Kwaba entolongweni, imbongi ozelwe ingcamango yokubhala imisebenzi enjalo indumasi:

• "Songs of isikhalazo."
• "Entsha Land".
• "Symon-imvumi".

Le misebenzi bayakwazi ukuba adlulisele kwi ngokuthanda, yaye zapapashwa magazini "Nasha Niva". Noko ke, abazange banikele ingqalelo nabagxeki Russian owathi ubukho imisebenzi Kolas ubuzwe, ubuzwe Belarusian tyekelo izicacele ukuba zobuntu. Gorky ngokwakhe wanikela ingqikelelo kakuhle eli impumelelo eqaqambileyo.

Ukukhululwa elide lulindelwe kaYakobi

Emva kokukhululwa kwakhe, kwisithuba seminyaka emibini, umbhali wayefundisa Pinsk. Ngeli xesha, wadibana umfazi wakhe elizayo - Mariey Kamenskoy, kwaye ngo-1913 zendela. Kulo umtshato esi sibini asahlala kunye nama-30 iminyaka. Eli xesha ube yimpumelelo gqitha kubomi Mickiewicz, wabhala kakhulu yaye wakwazi ukuseka ngokwalo njengoko yomeleleyo umbhali Belarusian.

Ukuthatha inxaxheba emfazweni

Emva kokuqalisa kweMfazwe Yehlabathi I imbongi awathunyelwa yomkhosi uPeter kaThixo. Lowo wamkela elikwinqanaba phoyisa kwaye wayekhonza inkonzo yakhe Perm. Okulandelayo koko wathunyelwa phambili isiRomania yaye exhaphaza ngo-1917 ngenxa yezizathu zempilo. Ngenxa yokuba imfundo utitshala kakuhle, ayevunyelwe ukuba aqhubeke nenkonzo yakhe kwindawo ukuhlala charm dolophu kunye nomfundisi ukuze basebenze apho. Ngeli xesha yokupapasha ingqokelela yakhe yemibongo, leyo oluvakalayo ngokucacileyo anti-imfazwe iminxeba.

ukwamkelwa ngokusemthethweni wembongi

Emva kwemfazwe, Yakub Kolas wafumana udumo ngokubanzi kunye nokuqondwa. Ngowe-1921 wabuyela Minsk, apho ngenkuthalo ubhala, ishicilelwe. Lokubandakanyeka kumsebenzi yenzululwazi kwaye lisebenza njengomfundisi. Ngowe-1926 waba wawongwa ngesiqu "imbongi Abantu of Belarus." Kwiminyaka emibini emva koko wonyulelwa ukuba lisekela-mongameli we Academy of Sciences BSSR. Ngokuba ingqokelela yakhe yemibongo, Mickiewicz kabili imbasa Prize State of the USSR. Emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, njengoko ngumsebenzi esebenzayo, wonyulwa njenge kwibamba ePhakamileyo qumrhu le-Byelorussian SSR kunye USSR. Ukongeza, umbhali waba lilungu Wawongwa the Academy, nokwazeka kwayo umsebenzi abazukileyo nenzululwazi. ngexesha lokudla kwakhe Jakub yena bawongwa iimbasa ezininzi kunye nezinto nokuhombisa.

ukufa zombhali

Phantsi kolawulo yiSoviet, ababhali abaninzi izimvo wesizwe kuwa phantsi yokucupha ingqalelo izidumbu yengcinezelo. I kwakungekho ngaphandle kunye Yakub Kolas. Awards ezifunyenwe ngawo evela abasemagunyeni eSoviet nako ukusindisa umbhali ukusuka watyholwa rhoqo, imibuzo kunye nokhangelo. Oku luqinile kakhulu isimo sakhe kunye nempilo ngokwasemzimbeni. Imbongi wafa ngo-1956 waza wangcwatywa kwilizwe kwikhaya lakhe, kwisixeko Minsk.