Biosystem - it ... Umzimba njenge biosystem

Biosystems - uthungelwano oluntsonkothileyo imibutho eziphilayo ezifanelekileyo, ukusuka emhlabeni ukuya sub-atomic. Oku kubonisa mzekeliso ingqiqo yenkqubo ukuvelisa multiple kwindalo - inane eziphilayo, amalungu kunye namalaphu. Iinkqubo Isikali abasakhulayo kunye nanoscopic yimizekelo iiseli zebhayoloji, organelles, izakhiwo macromolecular kunye iindlela zolawulo.

Umzimba njenge biosystem

Eziphilayo, ephilayo yiyo nayiphi na inkqubo ephilileyo enkulu, kunye izilwanyana, izityalo, nomngundo, protists okanye neentsholongwane. Zonke iintlobo ezaziwayo zezidalwa Emhlabeni bayakwazi othile ukuphendula ezintweni, ziyazala, ziyakhula, azivelele kunye nokuzeyisa nokulawula (homeostasis).

Eziphilayo njengoko biosystem iqulethe enye okanye ngaphezulu iiseli. Uninzi eziphilayo single-ezineseli yi isikali esasinokubonwa, ke ngoko, ilungu magciwane. Abantu - kuba eziphilayo multicellular eliquka zezigidi ezininzi iiseli amaqela tissue ezizodwa kunye namaziko.

Ubuninzi kunye neyantlukwano ngokweenkqubo zebhayoloji

Kuqikelelwa ukuba inani iintlobo mihla kobasemhlabeni aqala ku-10 ukuya 14 million, apho malunga ne-1.2 yezigidi kuphela ziye zabhala ngokusesikweni.

Igama elithi "umzimba" elidityaniswe ngqo elithi "umbutho". It singachazwa njengento isikhungu iimolekyuli zisebenzayo lulonke ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi kuzinza, nto leyo ebonisa iimpawu yobomi. Umzimba njenge biosystem - nasiphi na isakhiwo ophilayo, ezifana isityalo, isilwanyana, ngundo okanye neentsholongwane, nto leyo ikhule nande. Ngaphandle kukho iintsholongwane kunye kunokwenzeka anthropogenic iintlobo ubomi ezingaphiliyo, kuba baxhomekeke indlela zengqo- yomkhosi cell.

Umzimba womntu biosystem

Umzimba womntu kwakhona kubizwa ngokuba biosystem. It zizo zonke amalungu. Imizimba yethu yenziwe eziliqela ngokweenkqubo zebhayoloji ukuba enze imisebenzi ethile eziyimfuneko kubomi bemihla ngemihla.

• Umsebenzi inkqubo yokujikeleza kukuba ukuhambisa igazi, izondlo, ioksijini, icarbon dioxide kunye hormone Amalungu nezihlunu. Luquka intliziyo, igazi, imithambo yegazi, yegazi ngemithambo.
• Inkqubo sokugaya iquka uthotho imizimba ezidityanisiweyo, leyo kunye ukuvumela ukuba zifunxwe ngumzimba nezicola ukutya, kwakunye inxaxheba kulawulo lwenkunkuma. Oku kuquka umlomo, kuvuleke iminxunya, isisu, emathunjini amancinci, ikholoni, ezinqeni kunye ezimpundu. Isibindi nepancreas nabo badlala indima ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokwetyisa, kuba ukuvelisa ukutya.
• Inkqubo yonyango yenziwe unamadlala ezisibhozo emikhulu hormone egazini. Ezi hormone, yena, ukuya tissue ezahlukeneyo nokulawula umzimba ezahlukeneyo.
• Amajoni omzimba ukuziphendulela umzimba ngokuchasene iintsholongwane, iintsholongwane kunye namanye kwamagciwane eziyingozi. Oku kuquka iindawo nkovu, udakada, lomongo wethambo, iiseli zegazi ezimhlophe kunye lymphocyte.
• Inkqubo emithanjeni kuquka iindawo nkovu, imibhobho kunye nempahla yegazi, kwaye idlala indima njengoko zokuzikhusela zomzimba. Eyona njongo yayo iphambili - kukuba nelokwakha ukuhambisa nkovu, ulwelo ecacileyo equlathe iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi ezinceda umzimba ekulweni nezifo. Inkqubo emithanjeni kwakhona kususa ulwelo excess emithanjeni ukusuka ancedisana emzimbeni kwaye ibuyisela kwi igazi.
• luvo ilawula zombini ngokuzithandela (umzekelo, intshukumo abazi) kunye nezenzo ngokuzenzekelayo (umz, uphefumlele), kwaye uthumela imiqondiso kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba. Inkqubo luvo kuquka ingqondo kunye umnqonqo. Inkqubo neuropathy luvo ibandakanya luvo adibanayo ngamnye yinxalenye yomzimba kwinkqubo luvo.
• Inkqubo dystrophy omzimba ubunjwe malunga 650 izihlunu, ezinceda kwi intshukumo, ukujikeleziswa kwaye enze inani neminye imisebenzi komzimba.

• inkqubo Reproductive kuvumela abantu ukuba nokuzala. Okwamadoda uhlelo zokuzala iquka incanca kunye namasende, ekuthi kwezo nto kuphume isidoda. Inkqubo female okuzala iqulathe kwinxenye yelungu lobufazi, isibeleko kunye zamaqanda. Ngelo xesha kwesisu, amadlozi fuse kunye iqanda, nto leyo idala iqanda, njengokuntshula esibelekweni.
• Imizimba yethu zixhaswa yi-skeletal system, equka amathambo 206, abaqhagamshelwe imisipha, nemisipha kunye intlala. Amathambo kunceda nje ukuba ukuhamba, kodwa kananjalo inxaxheba ekuveliseni iiseli zegazi kunye nokugcinwa calcium. Amazinyo nawo yinxalenye yenkqubo skeletal, kodwa musa ukubala amathambo.
• Isixokelelwano sokuphefumla unako ukufumana ioksijini zibalulekile kwaye susa carbon dioxide kwinkqubo ukuba fowunela ukuphefumla. Le ibandakanya ikakhulu uqhoqhoqho, wemiphunga uvalo.
• Inkqubo wokuchama kunceda ukuphelisa imveliso inkunkuma ibizwa ngokuba urea emzimbeni. It iqulathe nezintso zombini, ureters ezimbini, esinyini, lo urethra kunye nezihlunu ezimbini sphincter. Umchamo yenziweyo izintso, isusiwe phantsi ureters zibe esinyini kwaye likhupha emzimbeni urethra.
• Le isikhumba lelona candelo likhulu emzimbeni womntu. It khusela ngaphandle ehlabathini, iintsholongwane, iintsholongwane kunye nezinye izifo, kunye ukunceda ukuba iqondo lobushushu emzimbeni okulawula kunye nokuphelisa lwenkunkuma umbilo. Ukongeza eluswini, inkqubo integumentary iquka iinwele kunye nezikhonkwane.

izitho kubalulekile

Xa abantu, kukho ezintlanu ezibalulekileyo amalungu, eyimfuneko ukuze siphile. Yeyona ingqondo, intliziyo, izintso, isibindi nemiphunga.

• Ubuchopho bomntu yeyona iziko elawula umzimba, ukufumana kanye nokuthumela imiqondiso kwezinye izitho luvo kwaye ngokusebenzisa iihomoni secreted. Unoxanduva iingcinga zethu, iimvakalelo, inkumbulo kunye imbono jikelele zehlabathi.
• Intliziyo yomntu unoxanduva yokumpompela igazi lonke umzimba wethu.
• izintso Umsebenzi kukususa inkunkuma kunye nolwelo okongezelekileyo egazini.
• Isibindi inemisebenzi emininzi, kuquka i-ezigulela kweekhemikhali eziyingozi, kwawa ukuhluza amayeza igazi, secretion ngayo ibile kunye nokuveliswa iiproteni ukuba igazi ekunqandeni.
• Imiphunga banoxanduva ukususwa oksijini evela emoyeni esiwuphefumlayo kunye nokudluliselwa kwalo ngegazi lethu, apho kuthunyelwa iiseli zethu. Imiphunga kwakhona ukususa icarbon dioxide esiyikhuphayo xa siphefumla.

izibakala fun

• Umzimba womntu iqulathe iiseli malunga 100 triliyoni.
• I-avareji omdala wenza Ukuphefumla 20,000 ngosuku.
• Yonke imihla Amaqhina malunga 200 waphathwa sekota (50 iilitha) igazi ukuba coca ulwelo ngaphandle malunga 2 iilitha zamanzi kunye nenkunkuma.
• abantu abadala umsindo ikota enesiqingatha (1.42 iilitha) umchamo suku ngalunye.
• Ubuchopho bomntu iqulathe iiseli zemithambo-luvo ezimalunga ne-100 ezigidi.
• Amanzi yenza phezulu ngaphezulu kwama-50 ekhulwini bulikhulu omzimba womntu omdala.

Kutheni emzimbeni ebizwa biosystem?

A ephilayo na umbutho othile into ephilayo. Kuyinto biosystem, leyo, njengayo nayiphi na inkqubo, iquka izinto oqhagamshelwano phakathi, ezifana iimolekyuli, iiseli, njengezihlunu, amalungu. Yonke into kweli hlabathi aphume into uzimisele lwemigangatho kokuphilayo semvelo kunye ophilileyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba molekyuli iqanjwa ziiseli, kwiiseli - zomzimba ukusuka zomzimba - imizimba amalungu - iinkqubo omzimba. Iimpahla Biosystems nazo ziquka kokuhluma, nto leyo ithetha umgangatho ukubonakala iimpawu ezintsha, xa izinto zidibene abakhoyo nabangekhoyo esikolweni ukususela yangaphambili.

Iseli njenge biosystem

Iseli enye nazo ngokuba biosystem epheleleyo. Le yunithi ezingundoqo apho na isakhiwo sayo kunye ukutya. Oku uyakwazi lubekhona ngokwayo, ziyazala baze baphuhlise imithetho yabo. Eziphilayo, kukho icandelo yonke sungula ku dyondza yayo, ekuthiwa cytology kunye cell eziphilayo.

Yokuhlala - inkqubo ephilileyo samabanga aphantsi, equka umntu amacandelo ukuba babe neempawu ezithile kunye nokwenza imisebenzi eluxanduva lwabo.

obunobunzima

Biosystem ibandakanya uhlobo olufanayo ephilayo ukusuka macromolecules kwaye kwabantu zeeseli eziphila. It has manqanaba alandelayo lombutho:

• level zofuzo;
• kwinqanaba yeselula;
• amalungu kunye neenkqubo ilungu;
• izinto kunye neenkqubo;
• iinkqubo inani labantu;
• neendawo ezihlala.

amacandelo ngokobugcisa amanqanaba ohlukeneyo mbutho ngendlela ethile ukusebenzisana kunye nendalo engaphiliyo, amandla kunye namanye amacandelo abiotic zingangeni. Kuxhomekeka isikali, iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo ezi ndaba ezahlukeneyo lwamacandelo. Yemfuza ababandakanyekayo yemfuza, iseli cytology ingqalelo. Bodies kuthatha on zomzimba. Yenyani lifunda eziphilayo, eziphilayo, ornithology, kwamathambo njalo njalo.