PHP: uluhlu kwi uluhlu. Phendla kwi a uluhlu PHP

Programming - lo lwesivakalisi kunye semantics. Eyokuqala ichazwa yimithetho zolwimi, ize eyesibini - amava lomphuhlisi. Ngokubhekiselele kwimiboniso umbhekisi Usenokufaka isifundo semantics syntax. Yinto na into, kodwa kungabi ngengqiqo yemveli ziyakhele uluhlu. PHP ikuvumela ukuba ukudala lens eziguquguqukayo iintlobo ezahlukeneyo, kuquka ngokwabo. An nezici inokuba umsebenzi, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukulayisha i uluhlu lwe algorithm yokwenene, intsingiselo yokwenene.

Syntax uqinile, kodwa iyahluka ukusuka kuguqulelo kuguqulelo, kwaye akuyi kusoloko ehambelanayo, nkqu ukusuka ezantsi ukuya phezulu. Ukuthwala iinkqubo - kulityalwa kakuhle eziyimpumelelo kwinkulungwane edluleyo. Semantics Iphuhlisa kwaye kusoloko kusetyenziswa nje kuphela nayiphi na inguqulelo naluphi na ulwimi; Kuye lusisiganeko ukusebenzisa ngesivakalisi aveze into yokuba imigaqo yolwimi wayeze abanike wayengekho. Ngalo mzekelo, ma kube lula ukuyiqonda.

iiseti Construction

An uluhlu kwi PHP kuyinto ngesivakalisi lula kunye nokusebenza. Olu hlobo data linokuchazwa kwangaphambili, kodwa kudla kube lula ukuyila kwimiboniso kubhabho njengoko kufuneka.

karhulumente $ aNone = uluhlu (); // uluhlu uchazwe yaye akukho nto

karhulumente $ aFact = uluhlu ( 'yeeavokhado', "oningga", "icherry"); // le uluhlu lweziqalelo ezintathu

Yenza uluhlu yenkqubo yokungqinisisa kwayo nayiphi na imiqathango:

$ CSrcLine = 'umtya acazululwe data';

ngokuba ($ i = 0; $ i <13; $ i ++) {

$ CUserLine = inputUserLine (); // input into

ukuba (checkFunc ($ cSrcLine, $ cUserLine) {

$ AResult = [] 'Ewe'; // ukwengeza uluhlu PHP

} Else {

$ AResult [] = 'Hayi';

}

}

Ngenxa yokuphunyezwa yalo mzekelo iya kudala uluhlu lweziqalelo-13 ogama Amanani 'Ewe' okanye 'Hayi' umgca kuphela. Izakhi abe nezalathiso ku 0 ukuya ku-12 Oku kuyafana isiphumo zingafunyanwa pre-ezikwimiqulu eselugcimweni "kwixesha elizayo" PHP-izintlu umtya:

$ CFutureArray = '';

ngokuba ($ i = 0; $ i <13; $ i ++) {

$ CUserLine = inputUserLine (); // input into

ukuba ($ i> 0) {$ cFutureArray = '|' .; }

ukuba (checkFunc ($ cSrcLine, $ cUserLine) {$ cFutureArray = 'Ewe' .;

} Okanye {$ cFutureArray = 'Hayi' .; }

}

$ AResult = Ingadubula ( '|', $ cFutureArray);

ma yoyilo

sites abaninzi management systems (SMS) usebenzisa kwimiboniso "ngomlinganiselo omkhulu." Kwelinye icala, kububulumko, kwelinye icala, kunzima ukuba isicelo. Nokuba ngumbhali imfundiso ecacileyo "PHP-uluhlu kwi uluhlu", ngoko ke kufuneka ukuba bangaxhatshazwa: hayi nje kuphela umphuhlisi kufuneka bakuqhele le notation entsonkothileyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, emva komzuzwana umbhali yena nini Khumbula, into endandiyibhale ekuqaleni:

ukubuyela uluhlu (

'View_manager' => uluhlu (41, 'template_path_stack' => uluhlu (__DIR__. '/../view',),

'Umzila' => uluhlu ( 'iindlela' => uluhlu ( 'sayhello' => uluhlu (

'Uhlobo' => 'Zend \ Mvc \ umzila \ HTTP \ Literal',

'Ukhetho' => uluhlu ( 'indlela' => '/ sayhello', 'sokungagqibeki' => uluhlu (

'Controller' => 'Helloworld \ Controller \ Index', 'isenzo' => 'isalathisi',))))),

'Nabaqondisi' => uluhlu (= 'invokables'> uluhlu (

'Helloworld \ Controller \ Index' => 'Helloworld \ Controller \ IndexController'))

);

Le isampuli practice «PHP-uluhlu kwi uluhlu" lwe uyifuna 2. Not okukhuthazayo kakhulu ekuqaleni, kodwa kuyasebenza, yaye mhlawumbi yenza esi sikhokelo ngempumelelo (umzekelo ukusuka umnqongo ZendSkeletonApplication / imodyuli / Helloworld / config / module.config.php).

Uluhlu - ngesigqeba data ebalulekileyo ngexesha uyilo nophuhliso. Yakhe yoyilo Version kanye ethandwa, kodwa ngokuhamba kwexesha luhlale imfuno lens emibini okanye emithathu nezilinganiso. Kulula kwaye ongenantandabuzo ngakumbi, kodwa ngokwemiqathango lobungcali xa into iqala zanda, ngoko into ekuqulunqeni le ngxaki, okanye ikhowudi akunjalo.

Simple, ezifikelelekayo neqondakalayo

Ukubunjwa PHP uluhlu kwi uluhlu, kungcono maluphelele kumanqanaba amabini okanye amathathu. Nangona uzinzo nokuthembeka PHP wenza iimpazamo ekusetyenzweni syntax. Xa oku bangamelana ukuba umhleli ikhowudi elungileyo, beqhelene ukubala ngokuchanekileyo yegama neempawu. Noko ke, PHP ayilawuli iindidi zedata (oku kukuthi karma lwangoku lokuprograma) kwaye ivumela umphuhlisi practice yesemantiki iimpazamo.

Ilungelo ukulawula iintlobo ezahlukeneyo okanye iingcamango zabo semantics inguqu kwezivakalisi - kaninzi ubutofotofo. Le script rate ilahleko, ikhowudi sofundo, lula ... ngokuba ikhowudi kusoloko kubalulekile.

PHP inomsebenzisi ezimbi ezibalulekileyo: elishicilelwe phantsi elenga xa kuthe yokungaqiniseki. Asingabo bonke debuggers ukujamelana iziganeko ezingalindelekanga, kwaye ubukhulu becala kuxhomekeke amava kunye intuition lomphuhlisi. I algorithm elula ngaphezu ulwazi yem zifikeleleke nangaphezulu, amathuba angaphezulu ukufumana imposiso okanye akasivumeli.

Akumangalisi, xa kwimiboniso zokuqala iinketho data zinikwe izakhiwo ifomu - i ngazama ukwenza into ephuma iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze data. Eyokuqala wasinda waza wazuza ngesivakalisi omtsha enamandla, le yesibini wehla waya kwimbali.

ma Simple and associative

Ukurekhoda uluhlu okuntlandlo-mbini - oku enye iperi izibiyeli "[" yaye "]", umzekelo: $ aSrcData [1] [2] lo kubhekiswa element [2] uluhlu [1], kufakwe uluhlu $ aSrcData. E PHP, akukho mfuneko ukuba baxele kwangaphambili le data. Lyuboyu lowu ulwazi angasoloko zitshekishwe yobukho.

Kakhulu ngendlela enempumelelo nethi ibamisele into kuphela xa kukho imfuneko, ifom apho zidingeka, wayitshabalalisa xa akuseyomfuneko. Njengencwadi iqhosha (index) ibinentsingiselo amagama nibe senilungile efundeka isakhiwo enentsingiselo ngokwemeko ekhoyo indawo kwi algorithm:

$ AAnketa [ 'igama'] = 'ivanov';
$ AAnketa [ 'age'] = 42;
$ AAnketa [ 'umsebenzi'] = 'UMlawuli';
$ AAnketa [ 'esebenzayo'] = oyinyaniso;
$ ATable [] = $ aAnketa;

$ AAnketa [ 'igama'] = 'Petrov';
$ AAnketa [ 'age'] = 34;
$ AAnketa [ 'umsebenzi'] = 'Manager';
$ AAnketa [ 'esebenzayo'] = oyinyaniso;
$ ATable [] = $ aAnketa;

$ AAnketa [ 'igama'] = 'Afanasiev';
$ AAnketa [ 'age'] = 28;
$ AAnketa [ 'umsebenzi'] = 'Work';
$ AAnketa [ 'esebenzayo'] = ababuxoki;
$ ATable [] = $ aAnketa;

$ Sone = implode. ( ";", $ ATable [1]). '
'; // yesibini PHP-uluhlu ukuya umtya
. $ Sone = $ aTable [1] [ 'umsebenzi']; // ukubiza ukuya kwenye elementi uluhlu yesibini

Isiphumo sale mzekelo (uluhlu lokuqala - izitshixo zesiqhelo apho iqala ngo-0, uluhlu yesibini - associative, kukho izitshixo ezine: 'igama', 'ubudala', 'umsebenzi', 'esebenzayo'):

$ Sone = 'Petrov; 34; umphathi; 1
Manager ';

Kulo mzekelo elula, umntu uyakwazi ukubona ukuba iprofayile lusekiwe ukuze isetyenziswe kubo bonke abaqeshwa. Unako ukudala uluhlu kwabasebenzi indices amanani abasebenzi ukuba nimelwe umsebenzi othile, uze ukhethe phezu inani labasebenzi.

Ukuba umbutho wakho uye amacandelo okanye umsebenzi ngamaxesha athile, okanye ukuba ufuna ukwaba umhlala zokusebenza ngokwahlukileyo ... design "PHP-uluhlu kwi uluhlu" elula kakhulu, kodwa akufuneki ubandakanyo nenkalo. Ezimbini okanye ezintathu imilinganiso - kwenani izisombululo.

Amaqhosha ukusebenza kunye amaqoqo

Ukuba phambi okubaluleke, zisebenza njani izinto, kwiminyaka yakutshanje, isithethe ixesha yokubini, xa wenkqubo wayefuna ukwazi indlela agcinwe izinto uluhlu, yaye ndinqwenela ukuba nabo ukufikelela ngqo, ilityalwe ngokupheleleyo. Kwakukho amaninzi enkhowudingi yeBhayibhile, ndibala kwimemori ayikho enye byte. Igama elithi "bit" ngoku kungenzeka ukuba ukuhlangana kuphela imisebenzi bit-search, kodwa ukufuna kuba kukho uluhlu PHP - ngumba eyahlukileyo. Ukufikelela izinto kunokuba alula associative. Kwimeko nimlahle iziqalelo uluhlu (ukuba naziphi na iintlobo ezikhoyo PHP) zibaliwe 0, 1, 2, ... Kwimeko yesibini, uhlelo ikhankanya index yayo, obizwa ngokuba "isitshixo" ukufikelela ixabiso olifunayo.

$ ALINE [ "iziqhamo"] = "orange"; // apha PHP-iqhosha uluhlu = "iziqhamo"

okanye (yonke into ibe yechanekileyo ngokuthobela kunye ikhasi lekhowudi nokhowudo):

$ ALine [iconv ( 'UTF-8', 'CP1251', "iziqhamo")] = iconv ( 'UTF-8', 'CP1251', 'orange');

Xa ufaka le uluhlu $ ALINE ixabiso elitsha:

$ ALine [] = iconv ( 'UTF-8', 'CP1251', 'oningga');
$ ALine [iconv ( 'UTF-8', 'CP1251', "imifuno")] = iconv ( 'UTF-8', 'CP1251', "cucumber");
$ ALine [] = iconv ( 'UTF-8', 'CP1251', 'seqanda');

ngenxa yomtya:

foreach ($ aLine njengoko $: nkc => $ CV) {
$ Cone. = $ CK. '='. $ CV. '
';
}

Le zingafumaneka ngolu hlobo:

isithelo orange =
0 = oningga
= Yemifuno cucumber
1 = seqanda

PHP-iqhosha uluhlu xa ukudibanisa izinto 'oningga' yaye 'seqanda' ukusekwa ngokulandelelana ukusuka ku-0, kwaye xa ubalula ixabiso layo iya kulingana kweli xabiso.

Ukususa ezakha uluhlu

Indlela elula ukususa i element PHP uluhlu ngexesha kuqhutyekekwe. Kulo mzekelo, umzekelo, ngenxa yomjikelo lokubulawa, kwemvelaphi uluhlu ijongwa, yaye kwasekwa enye entsha, nto leyo nje izinto ezingeyomfuneko ukuba abhalwe.

Onokuyenza lula. Ukuba umzekelo lokugqibela ukusebenzisa:

Ukuyeka ($ aLine [0]); // ukususa i element PHP uluhlu

umphumo iya kuba:

isithelo orange =
= Yemifuno cucumber
1 = seqanda

Iinketho lokuhanahanisa izinto uluhlu nga kwakhiwa elimisiweyo. Ngokomzekelo, esebenzisa umsebenzi: implode () kwaye Ingadubula (), ungabhalwa uluhlu PHP-umqolo kunye nomabi mnye, ibattery kwaye ubuyele kwenye uluhlu - ngomnye umahluli.

Ukuze nje ukususa uluhlu PHP xa iyonke, bhala nje: Ukuyeka ($ aLine);

Oko kwanele.

Phendla kwi uluhlu

PHP iqulethe okhethekileyo umsebenzi search array_keys (), array_values (), array_key_exists (), kunye in_array (), kodwa ngaphambi kokuba ugqibe ukusebenzisa kubo, kufuneka ingqalelo kungenzeka ukuba bafune ngendlela uluhlu PHP ngokwayo.

Wonke projekthi ethile nakwinkalo yesifundo, kwimiboniso zenzelwe, ingakumbi xa inxalenye semantics bafudukela lwesivakalisi kwaye imelwe iseti yezitshixo ezithile kakhulu luncedo. It ikuvumela ukuba enze umsebenzi wakho uphendlo yakhe, nto leyo nayo kungachazwa ephumelelayo.

E PHP, ungatsalela umnxeba umsebenzi, igama okumisiweyo ngexesha inkqubo nokusebenza. Umzekelo ezisebenzayo kwilayibrari PHPWord evumela ukuba ukufunda nokubhala amaxwebhu MS Word:

$ Elements = uluhlu ( 'Text', 'Inline', 'TextRun', 'Ikhonkco', 'PreserveText', 'TextBreak',
'ListItem', 'ListItemRun', 'Table', 'umfanekiso', 'Into', 'osemazantsi',
'Sisihlolisisa', 'ibhokisi', 'bhokisi', 'Field', 'Line');

$ Imisebenzi = uluhlu ();

ngokuba ($ i = 0; $ i $ Imisebenzi [$ i] = 'dibanisa'. $ Elements [$ i];
}

Ngenxa yoko, kukho uluhlu kwemisebenzi $ wamkela $ izinto amaxabiso uluhlu, oko kukuthi, amagama imisebenzi kanye ukuba enze umsebenzi kunye iziqalelo weli xwebhu.

Ukucela $ izinto [4] umsebenzi $ imisebenzi [4], uyakwazi ukufumana uphendlo ogqibeleleyo kunye neziphumo ngokukhawuleza.

Hlela izinto

Umsebenzi we ukuhlela i data kubalulekile, kwaye PHP inikezela emininzi imisebenzi yale: hlobo (), rsort (), asort (), ksort (), ... zinyuka zisihla iziqalelo yokugqibela ezimbini imisebenzi Wugcine ubudlelwane phakathi izitshixo amanani. Ngamanye amaxesha yenza ingqiqo ukuxuba amaxabiso uluhlu nakanjanina - yenza ingxubevange ().

Ukusebenzisa imisebenzi PHP ukulungisa, asifanele silibale ukuba amalungu ukuze ibenodidi eyahlukileyo nje kuphela, kodwa enganeliswa Kungokwemvelo. Into yokuqala ukuba alumke kakhulu malunga ukuhlela amabinzana aqulethe iileta Russian, ukuhlela imihla, kunye neenombolo, abhaliweyo ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo.

Eyona ndlela ibhetele ubhale isisombululo lakho buphelele, ubuncinane kwinqanaba kokuvavanywa elishicilelwe - is uhlelwe manual. Iza kunceda ukunika imidlalo.

ma string

Eneempawu implode () kwaye Ingadubula () uluhlu kube lula similise umtya uze ubuyele. It ikuvumela ukugcina data kwi ukumelwa compact uze uyisebenzise nabo zikwimeko ekhululekile njengoko kuyimfuneko.

Array, nazo kumgca ivula amathuba amatsha. Umzekelo, umsebenzi ekufuneni amagama kwisicatshulwa kufuna ukuba nokwafumanekayo added kwakhona.

$ CSrcLine = 'Text Okubhaliweyo ListItemRun bhokisi ListItem bhokisi Khangela ibhokisi yokhangelo bhokisi Umbhalo';

$ ASrc = Ingadubula ( '', $ cSrcLine);
$ CDstLine = '';

ngokuba ($ i = 0; $ i $ CFind = '['. $ ASrc [$ i]. ']';
ukuba (! is_integer (strpos ($ cDstLine, $ cFind))) {
. $ CDstLine = $ cFind;
}
}
$ ADst = Ingadubula ( '] [', $ cDstLine);

$ Cone = implode ( ';', $ aDst);

Ngenxa yoko, variable $ cone kufumana kuphela amanani asuka imigca yokuqala ezihlangabezana apho kanye: "Okubhaliweyo; ListItemRun-bhokisi-ListItem; Khangela; Ibhokisi-ibhokisi yokhangelo; Umbhalo".

ulwimi Russian kwi izitshixo kunye neenqobo

Ayikhuthazwa ukusebenzisa nantoni na enxulumene iiseti umlinganiswa wesizwe izakhiwo syntactic. ulwimi Russian, kwakunye nazo zonke ezinye iilwimi, abalinganiswa abaphesheya az, akayi ukudala ingxaki, kuloo database, kodwa hayi kwi syntax khowudi. Maxa wambi nkqu elula PHP «kuzisa uluhlu lwe umshicileli okanye kwikhusi" kuya kukhokelela 'gibberish "yaye ngokufuthi uyeke nje leempendulo elo.

PHP - ulwimi abanyanisekileyo Unyamezele umlinganiswa wesizwe, kodwa ke kukho iimeko ezininzi apho isixa umsebenzi owenziwa uye ukwenza kwakhona kuba nje kwindawo eyiyo ngexesha elifanelekileyo lizakuveza isitshixo phezulu, ukuchonga akayi kuba apho kunokwenzeka.

PHP kwezivakalisi kunye nokusingqongileyo ulwimi

Khumbula ukuba PHP zombuzo - lo, kodwa ukuyilwa kwalo lwesivakalisi "deal 'kunye nezinye izicelo, indlela yokusebenza kwenkqubo kunye iinketho iintsimbi. Kukho iinketho ezininzi, ukubonelela bonke soze kwenzeke.

Kulawula "ikhowudi kukho kuphela ikhowudi, kwaye ngasesangweni, ngaphakathi kwaye imveliso kukho naluphi na ulwazi" kuya kusinceda siphephe izimanga engalindelekanga. PHP-value kwi uluhlu kunokuba 'Russian ", kodwa isitshixo kuyo ukuba syntactically echanekileyo, kungekuphela nje ngokwembono ulwimi, kodwa ngokwemiqathango bume yomsebenzi wakhe.