Nokukhululwa eKharkov kubahlaseli ngokungenalusini karhulumente

Battle of eKharkov yaba ngenxa ubhalo kwaye kubaluleke kakhulu iintshukumo ngempumelelo imikhosi Soviet kwi i Kursk Velile Lolwana. Last enamandla German balwe umzamo aphumelele, kwaye ngoku lo msebenzi waba akhululwe yokuqala kwimimandla woshishino Ukraine, uyakwazi ukunika engaphezulu ngaphambili.

imisebenzi imisebenzi

Nokuhlasela eKharkov waba phambi eninzi iingxaki. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ingaqatshelwa ukwakhiwa isiseko inkululeko engakumbi Ekhohlo-Bank Ukraine ngokubanzi ingakumbi Donbass zoshishino (kukho ithuba ngenxa yesifo ephangweni). Kwakhona, kufuneka athimbe isibonelelo sezothutho komzi (kukho moya moya indiza mveliso), yaye ekugqibeleni ukuyeka eminye imizamo ethath sokubala-nokuhlaselwa ngokoyiswa zeqela eKharkov (elikhulu ngobukhulu kunye namandla).

Kutheni eKharkov?

Kule meko, esi sixeko wanikwa kubaluleke kangaka? Impendulo siyifumana kwimbali eKharkov, apho ukususela ngenkulungwane XVIII yaba liziko enkulu yezoqoqosho neyenkcubeko Sloboda Ukraine. Sele phakathi kwenkulungwane XIX emzini unxibelelwano kaloliwe kunye eMoscow. Kwaba apha ngo-1805 wavula yokuqala eUkraine, okwangoku University of mihla siphila (Mandulo Academy kunye neYunivesithi saseLviv kwisicwangciso musa ukubala), kwaye ke Polytechnic Institute.

Kweli xesha pre-imfazwe eKharkov yaba liziko zobunjineli enkulu, kwanika-40% ngeemveliso koshishino eUkraine, kunye ne-5% - kwilizwe lonke. Ngako oko, kwabakho amandla lwenzululwazi nobugcisa.

Kwakukho izizathu eceleni. Oku kwenzeka eKharkov Congress of qumrhu, wabhengeza ukusekwa Ukrainian yiSoviet Republic ngoDisemba 1917. De-1934, esi sixeko sasilikomkhulu ngokusesikweni Ukrainian SSR (imela "Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic", kungekhona bakuqhelile ukuba II, kukho umahluko nezishunqulelo kulwimi Ukrainian).

background

Kunye namacala German kwaye Soviet uyayiqonda intsingiselo eKharkov ngokugqibeleleyo. Ngoko ke, ziyahlelwa umzi ngexesha lemfazwe kwakukho nzima kakhulu. Nokukhululwa eKharkov ngo-1943 - kwaba sele edabini wesine kweso sixeko. kwenzeka njani into? Kule kwaye kuya kuxoxwa ngazo ngakumbi.

24-25 Oktobha 1941 umsebenzi amaNazi of eKharkov wenziwa. It alahlekelwe kakhulu kancinane - abachatshazelwa yi nemiphumo ukoyiswa kutshanje lwendalo kufuphi eKiev kunye neendawo zokwakha kwibhoyila, apho ilahleko yiSoviet zaqwalaselwa kumakhulu amawaka. Inye kuphela aseleyo phakathi komzi imigodi ezilawulwa irediyo-(ezinye udubulo ezilandelayo ibonakalise ukuba yimpumelelo enkulu kakhulu), yaye inxalenye ebalulekileyo izixhobo zoshishino ikwazile ukuba asuse okanye atshabalalise.

Kodwa entwasahlobo emva 1942, umyalelo eSoviet Ndenza inzame ukuba baphinde mzi. Lohlaselo ke kuphekwe (engekho yokulwa-ukulungele zolondolozo), kwaye isixeko kwakhona yaba phantsi kolawulo oluBomvu Army iintsuku ezimbalwa. Lo msebenzi wathatha ukususela-12 ukuya kowama-29 Meyi kwaye yaphela kwiqela elikhulu ezingqonge amajoni Soviet kunye ukoyiswa kwazo ngokupheleleyo.

Ukuzama wesithathu kwenziwa iimeko zivuma ngakumbi. Nokuba ngexesha Idabi Stalingrad of the zantsi Front waqalisa ukusebenza ekhubekisayo kwi Donbass. Emva emuva amaqela Paulus kwi lohlaselo yabangela Voronezh Front. NgoFebruwari wathabatha inxaxheba Kursk kunye Belgorod, kunye 16 wayithimba eKharkov.

Kunye nezicwangciso kwingcamango kwemisebenzi emikhulu-scale counteroffensive ( "kwinqaba iShushan", nto leyo yafikelela esiphelweni kwi Kursk Velile Lolwana), ngaba urhulumente waseJamani ukwamkela ilahleko esinjalo hub yothutho ebalulekileyo, njengoko eKharkov. Matshi 15, 1943 ngokwemizi ezimbini SS (kwaye musa ukucinga ukuba nje amaYuda akwazi ukuba kutolwe nibatshise Katyn - SS elite empini uHitler), esi sixeko kwakhona kwikhompyutha.

Ukuba utshaba ngaba angandinikezela ...

Kodwa ngoJulayi, isicwangciso counter-ekhubekisayo kaHitler akuphumelelanga; umyalelo eSoviet yaba kuphumelela. Nokuhlasela eKharkov kubonwa njengento ebalulekileyo elizayo phambi kokugqitywa Battle of Kursk. Xa kucwangciselwa kukhululwe ezayo eKharkov kuxoxwa umbuzo eziphambili: nokuba ukwenza umsebenzi kwindalo okanye ukutshatyalaliswa kotshaba?

Wagqiba ukuba bambethe ilishwa --bume efunekayo ixesha elide nelityayo ixesha. Ewe, waphumelela yakhiwe kwi Stalingrad, kodwa ngakumbi ngexesha amadabi ekhubekisayo, i-Red Army kwakhona abhenele kuyo kuphela ekuqaleni 1944, ngexesha Battle of the Korsun-Cherkassy Pocket. Kwangaxeshanye, balwa eKharkov, umyalelo eSoviet andishiye ngabom i 'inyoba' ukuphuma amajoni amaNazi - ukugqiba nabo endle kwaba elula.

Apha namhlanje - ibekho, ze ngomso

Ngehlobo lowe-1943 ngexesha imfazwe Kursk waye waqonda, yaye ningabeka umdla qhinga, eyaba uhlobo 'chip "ye-Red Army. It iqulathe ekusebenziseni i uyothuka engenamandla ngokwaneleyo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kunokuba kwicandelo elide ngaphambili. Ngenxa yoko, utshaba kwanyanzeleka ukuba bazilahle ingaze koovimba babo phezu imigama emide. Kodwa akazange abe nexesha lokwenza oko, njengoko kwaku- kwindawo eyahlukileyo, kunye nokulwa wathabatha phezu uhlobo okwathatha kwicandelo lokuqala.

Ngoko kwakunjalo Idabi eKharkov. Umsebenzi butho Soviet kwi Donbas kunye ongasentla Kursk Velile Lolwana yanyanzela amaNazi ukutshintshela imikhosi evela eKharkov. Ungase ukuhlasela.

imikhosi zamaqela

Kwicala eSoviet abendlu ka-Voronezh Front (Umyaleli - Army Jikelele Vatutin) kunye emathafeni (umphathi - Colonel-Jikelele Konev) ezimbalwa. Umyalelo we kwisenzo kwakhona ngaphantsi iinxalenye omnye phambi komnye ukuze eyiyo ngakumbi. Ulungelelwaniso at the eKharkov, IDonetsk kunye Orel lwalathiso Marshal Vasilevsky.

Xa imikhosi imiphambili ngayo Guards imikhosi-5 (kubandakanywa itanki 2) kunye Force Air. Oku kubonisa ukubaluleka iqhotyoshelwe nokusebenza. Ngomhla isabelo ngaphambili elityunjelwe ukuba idabi wadala yoxinaniso unprecedentedly phezulu kunye nobuchwepheshe zokudubula, nisamkelela ngokukhawuleza nemipu ezongezelelweyo, imipu esingazihlabeliyo itanki T-34 kunye RB-1. Kwakhona waphoswa kwindawo ekhubekisayo zokudubula amabutho i Bryansk Front. 2 Army wayenokholo eethenda reserve.

Ukususela ukuziphendulela hand held nomkhosi German yomkhosi kunye netanki, kwaye 14 nomkhosi 4 amaqela netanki. Kamva, emva kokuqalisa ukusebenza, amaNazi nangoko igqithiselwe kummandla kugunyaziso yayo kunye Bryansk Front Mius. Phakathi kwezi ukusekelwa ezifana amaqhosha ezaziwayo-kakuhle ngokuba "Totenkompf", "Viking", "Das Empire". Ukususela abathetheli kunye neziganeko eziphathelele amadabi malunga eKharkov kaHitler, eyaziwa kakhulu Manstein.

Umphathi evela elidlulileyo

Inxalenye ephambili eKharkov operation qhinga - eneneni Belgorod-eKharkov operation ekhubekisayo - sifumene igama ikhowudi - ". Operation Rumyantsev" Ngexesha leMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic eSoviet Union wala kwizenzo kudalwe ukuzahlula ngaphambili ngokupheleleyo kwixesha elidlulileyo 'Imperial' eli lizwe. Ngoku kwimbali Russian ukukhangela inemizekelo ikukukhuthaza abantu ukuze ndilwe ndize ndoyise. Igama umsebenzi ukuba akhulule eKharkov - kule ndawo. Ityala kuphela - ukusebenza ngomhla inkululeko of Belarus yaziwa ngokuba "Bagration", yaye ngaphambi nje kokuba iziganeko eKharkov kwincam elingasemntla Kursk Velile Lolwana "Operation Kutuzov" lwenzelwa.

Phambili ku eKharkov!

Kuvakala kahle, kodwa ukwenza kanye loo nto ayinakwenzeka. Isicwangciso wabiza yokuqala cover iiyunithi phambili umzi, ukuze amkhulule iindawo ezinkulu kumzantsi emantla eKharkov, uze bamba likomkhulu owayesakuba Ukraine.

Igama "Rumyantsev" lisetyenziswa kwindawo engundoqo ye ukusebenza - ifuthe ngqo kwi eKharkov. Belgorod-eKharkov waqalisa ukusebenza Agasti 3, 1943, yaye sele ngosuku olufanayo 2 amaqela panzer Hitler yabe kwi 'imbiza' phantsi Tomarovka. 5 inxalenye emathafeni ngaphambili ukulwa kufakwa Belgorod. Ngenxa yokuba le mini iingalo Bryansk Front wayexakekile Eagle, waphawula le kabini iifireworks impumelelo eMoscow. Yaba njengokukhahlela lokuqala uloyiso ngethuba leMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic.

Agasti 6 ukusebenza "Rumyantsev" waba swing ngokupheleleyo, ezi neetanki Soviet yaphelela ekuyekisweni utshaba Tomarovskaya kwibhoyila, wenjenjeya Zolochev. Esi sixeko baya ebusuku, kwaye wawusele edabini. Le iitanki cwaka, kunye izibane off. Xa ukungena kwidolophu sleepy, bajika ndazikhamela isantya ngokupheleleyo, yokuhlaselwa kumiselwa impumelelo yokusebenza Belgorod-eKharkov. Enye ingxelo ye IKharkiv baqhubeka phambili kwi Bogoduhov kunye ekuqaleni edabini for Akhtyrka.

Ngelo xesha inxalenye elifanayo amanye eseMazantsi South-Western lasungula ezikhubekisayo kwi Donbas, phambili ukuya Voronezh Front. Akuyi kuvunyelwa ukuba ukudlulisela phantsi ukusekelwa amaNazi IKharkiv. Agasti 10 yathatyathwa ngelayini kaloliwe eKharkov - Poltava. AmaNazi wazama ukuba balwe kummandla Bogodukhov kunye Akhtyrka (ubuhanjelwe cream kwe-SS), kodwa iziphumo amaqhinga counter-uhlasela - ukumisa phambili yiSoviet, ababa nako.

kwakhona obomvu

Agasti 13 umgca wokhuselo waseJamani lwaphuka ngqo kwi the eKharkov. Kwiintsuku ezintathu kamva umlo yayisele phezu ngaphandle kwesixeko, kodwa amajoni eSoviet phambili hayi ngokukhawuleza njengoko angathanda - zokuzikhusela German babomelele kunene. Ukongeza, lohlaselo le Voronezh Front kwalibaziseka ngenxa iziganeko e Akhtyrka. Kodwa 21 ngaphambili Sabuyela ekhubekisayo, kokoyisa iqela Akhtyrsky, no-22, amaJamani baqalisa ukurhoxa eKharkov iinxalenye zayo.

Usuku ezisemthethweni yokukhululwa eKharkov - Agasti 23, xa umkhosi yiSoviet wathabatha ulawulo kwindawo engundoqo ye sixeko. Nangona kunjalo, lo kwezithandani yenkcaso amaqela utshaba ngamnye kunye nokususwa namadlelo qhubeka kude kube lusuku 30. Zalisa yokukhululwa eKharkov kubahlaseli ngokungenalusini karhulumente kwenzeka ngaloo mini. Ngomhla we-30 Agasti, esi sixeko waququzelela umbhiyozo kukhululwa. Enye ziindwendwe imbeko yaba unobhala jikelele elizayo N. S. Hruschev.

heroes wenkululeko

Ekubeni ukusebenza eKharkov ezibaluleke kakhulu eqhotyoshelweyo, urhulumente akazange okwenkawu ngale mbasa kubathathi-nxaxheba. iindawo ezininzi i ngesiqu eqhotyoshelwe amagama awo amagama "Belgorod" yaye "IKharkiv". Amajoni namagosa iimbasa kumbuso zasasazwa. Kodwa apha Isihloko IKharkiv Hero ISixeko saseKapa abasinikwa. Bathi, Stalin wagqiba nayo ngenxa yokuba ekugqibeleni akhulule isixeko nje iinzame yesine.

183rd elihamba Division umntu unelungelo kwesihloko "double-eKharkov". Yaba amajoni yeli candelo kuqala bangena yokubutha kwamadoda omzi engundoqo (oko. Dzerzhinsky) yaye ngoFebruwari 16 no-Agasti 23, 1943.

walibonakalisa eXcellent ngokwabo ekulweni kwi eKharkov Soviet Stormoviks "Petlyakov" kunye itanki edume T-34. Sekunjalo - bakha, kubandakanywa iingcali ze-eKharkov Tractor Plant! Babalekela saseChelyabinsk, isityalo nje ngo-1943 yaqala ngobuninzi kwamatanki (ngoku - eChelyabinsk Tractor Plant).

imemori engunaphakade

Imfazwe ngaphandle kokulahleka kungenzeki, yaye imbali iqinisekisa eKharkov. Esi sixeko kobunkokheli ongemhle kulo mba. ilahleko Soviet phantsi kwesi sixeko kakhulu ebalulekileyo yonke kwiMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic. Kakade ke, kuyaqondakala kwanazo zonke onke amadabi zone. Ukukhululwa esixekweni nakwiindawo ezikufutshane exabisa ngaphezulu kwama amawaka 71. Ubomi.

Kodwa eKharkov wasinda, wakha phezulu ixesha elide wayesaqhubeka esebenza okulungileyo ngezandla zakhe nentloko nekhokelela looMawokhulu enkulu oqhelekileyo ... Kwaye ngoku umzi kusafuneka ithuba ...