Pentane: isomers kunye nokuhlelwa

Ngaphambi kokuba siqwalasele indlela esisiseko isomers pentane ukuyityhila le compound loluka Iklasi kwezinto eziphilayo. Ngaphezu koko, ukuba ngaba zeziphi iinkalo noshowo na iziyobisi, yintoni na intsimi ezingundoqo isicelo.

iimpawu ngokubanzi

isomers Pentane esinokucinga kwakucingwa ukuba udidi lwe ifumile (mda) hydrocarbon. Baye ifomula CnH2n + 2, sp3 hybridization athom carbon, iqhina single. Phakathi iipropati uphawu ngenxa abameli kule klasi, kuquka pentane, isomers, nephantsi iklasi ka alkanes ikheswa endaweni olukhulu (halogenation).

Le nokuhlelwa imichiza

Kwathi inkqubo ethile ngokwendlela apho umntu ukunika igama naziphi hydrocarbon kwizinyibilikisi. carbon Straight skeleton ngokwayo pentane, isomers zawo yohlulwe radicals (amasebe) ukusuka chain enkulu.

Okokuqala, kufuneka ukhethe carbon chain elide. Ngokuba inani athom carbon lwenxalenye ezikhethiweyo ekukho kuyo kufutshane radicals phezulu. Phambi amasebe kumacala omabini wesiphaluka engundoqo ingqalelo inani radicals, kunye nesakhiwo yazo (sebenzisa oonobumba Russian).

Ukuba kukho ezininzi radicals ezizizembiwa efana kwi manani zibonisa indawo esebenzisa izimaphambili ukucacisa: khe, nokuphumelela, tetra.

Kuphela emva kokuba onke amasuntswana esebenzayo, nika igama backbone carbon uya kuluhlu.

isakhiwo pentane

Yenza indlela noshowo isomers eziphambili pentane usebenzisa algorithm eqhelekileyo. Ukuqala ukuhlela athom carbon kwikhonkco enye, ukufumana eqhelekileyo pentane ifomula noshowo: CH3- (CH2)-3-CH3.

Ukuba washiya ezikwi engundoqo athom carbon ezine yaye intsalela kuya kwenziwa ngendlela olukhulu CH3. Kwimeko enjalo, ukuba bangaba izinto Formula ezimbini noshowo ezahlukeneyo amalungiselelo amaqela imethyl: 2-methylbutane,-3-methylbutane.

Indlela enye abheke pentane? Le isomers of olungumgubo S5N12 ungaboniswa ze-dimetilpropanom 2,2.

Zonke ezi zinto kumkhawulela formula enye jikelele CnH2n + 2, ke ngoko, kwakucingwa ukuba udidi hydrocarbon ifumile (alkanes) ezi isomers zesakhiwo.

Isenzeko ucacisa ubukho isomerism iikhompawundi ngakumbi ukuba indlela eqhelekileyo, kodwa ezahlukeneyo kwilungiselelo-athom kwemolekyuli. isomers zezakhiwo ukuba ezinye iiyantlukwano reactivity, nangona ilungu kwiklasi enye hydrocarbon.

isiphelo

Pentane, isomers of esifunde ngazo, ngummeli ngokuqhelekileyo paraffins. Kuba udidi kwezinto eziphilayo luphawulwa bond isomerism ezininzi. hydrocarbon kugcwale azikho isomers ezahlukeneyo. Phakathi kumashishini amakhulu apho imfuno pentane kunye isomers zayo zesakhiwo, khetha kushishino chemical.

Xa isomerization ka pentane, 2-methylbutane, nto leyo ebangela ukuba dehydrogenation kukho ezizizembiwa unsaturated, ukubayinxalenye eziliqela kwifomula jikelele CnH2n-2. Polymerization of CxHy unsaturated yinkqubo yezoshishino ukuvelisa Polymer eyenziweyo asetyenziswe ngerabha.

Phakathi kwiindawo ezininzi zokusetyenziswa alkanes ifumile, yayifuzisela yi pentane eziqhelekileyo, ukubeka nokusetyenziswa kwale compound njengoko amafutha eziphili zamandulo ezaba lilitye a. Elokuqukumbela, ukuba abameli umda eziliqela hydrocarbon, isomerism na uphawu kumphathi wesekethe omkhulu. Ngenxa yokuba le molecule akukho iibhondi kabini, kuba isomers zejometri aziqhelekanga iparafini, ie akukho kaKishe kunye isomers trans.