Impangele: ngokudala inkcubeko amaxesha mihla

Impangele okanye Moscovia - igama Russian ukuba ixesha ukususela ekuqaleni kobukumkani Ivan III (1478) de ukutshintshwa inhloko i eSt Petersburg (1712). Ngamanye amaxesha le umda xesha kunyaka 1547.

Isiko ebizwa Russia phambi uPetros ubukumkani Great Moscow baye kwaye zixhaswa mbali ngenkulungwane ye-19, nto leyo yayisekelwe kwinto yokuba kweentsika iishifti. Izazinzulu kwexesha eSoviet baye eli gama.

Ebudeni bolawulo Ivan ngabangcangcazelisi, ingcamango "impangele" ekhankanywe ngokwentsingiselo le ubulawuli eMoscow njengenxalenye yoBukhosi baseRashiya.

Inkqubo lokusekwa karhulumente Russian, leyo, ukongeza ulawulo lwe eMoscow, kuquka kwiRiphabliki Novgorod, yaye Yaroslavl, yaseTver, Rostov, yaye inxenye ukusuka Ryazan ubulawuli isixeko Chernihiv, Bryansk, Novgorod-Seversky, nempembelelo uphuhliso kwiimpawu zenkcubeko kwaye ukuyilwa i "sub-culture" okhethekileyo.

Emva kokutshona kwelanga, i Kievan Rus inkcubeko of impangele waqalisa ukwandisa ngendlela ekhethekileyo kakhulu. Ku nga yamkelwa ngendlela orientation kumazwe entshonalanga. Formation lweempawu yenkcubeko kwakubangelwa ngokuyintloko iimeko zejografi kunye nezopolitiko. State Russian azizange zijoyine mhlawumbi ukuya ngasentshona okanye ukuya kwicala elingasempuma lophuhliso zembali. Kodwa ako, Noko ke, uninzi iimpawu zombini iindlela zokuphila. Ukongeza, uphuhliso lizwe ziye zaba nempembelelo iCawa Orthodox kunye nezithethe zobuhedeni.

Impangele ukuba baphenjelelwa ngamandla yi-Golden mkhosi. Kwelinye icala, idyokhwe Tatar-Mongol kakhulu lwanciphisa kuphuhliso lwenkcubeko belizwe Russian, njengoko isixeko zitshatyalalisiwe, ilahlekile yezandla ezininzi kunye nenkcubeko wokufama. aphoswe ilizwe emva kwexesha. Kwelinye icala, ubudlelwane zikhabanayo anayo wathumela imeko uphuhliso ngendlela entsha lonke.

Ngenxa yoko, inkqubo yentlalo nezopolitiko impangele 15 ngenkulungwane ababethwala yamanyala kweempembelelo elinamandla Oriental. Oku wabonakaliswa kwinkqubo yolawulo olungumbandezeli kunye yokuphila ngokubanzi.

iimpawu ezininzi zehlabathi, uphawu Russia zamaxesha, esekwe phantsi kwempembelelo baseMpuma. Ngaphezu koko, kunye kokuwa kweConstantinople, Russia uba uyazi ngokwalo njengoko umthetheleli kuphela wamasiko yaye kude ukusuka kumazwe asentshona ngengqiqo yenkcubeko.

Ngenxa iimpembelelo zonke ezi zinto, urhulumente Muscovite ngenkulungwane ye-16, yayiphawuleka mpawu zilandelayo inkcubeko kunye nesazisi yesizwe.

Uphawu yokomoya East idityaniswe umnqweno inkululeko ezendeleyo abantu baseNtshona.

Kulo mzekelo, isazela lobuqu yaba collectivism ngaphantsi ucaca wafeza. Wamasiko yaba yeyona iphambili ukuze kwakhiwe sengqondo. Ngenxa yoko, kukokona ixabiso uphawu ezifunyenwe ezifana sizincame, ukungazingci, ngokwamkela Isiphelo sakhe.

Xa inkqubo ixabiso umntu elo xesha enye indawo esembindini nekuhlala ngurhulumente kunye nomdla wesizwe. Ingcamango kwilizwe isoloko kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba abantu Russian.

Ukususela ngokombono nokuphuhliswa kwenkcubeko kwenkulungwane ye-17 yi vula amehlo. Ukutshintsha inkqubo lwamaxabiso kunye inqubo. Endaweni yoluvo wovandlakanyo ixesha kuza iingqiqo ezinje mandulo, ngoku nakwixesha elizayo.

Moscow State emakhulwini 16-17 wahamba ngendlela ukuyilwa umlinganiswa wesizwe kudityaniswe ezinzileyo uneempawu sesizwe. Kwaba kwinkulungwane ye-17, eli indibaniselwano uba zile, kwaye baqale ukuchaza ezinye iinkcubeko.

Kwakhona, ngexesha ubukumkani eMoscow ke inkqubo ye ukurhoxiswa yobugcisa kwimpembelelo izinqumo zecawa. Ngenkulungwane ye-16 wadala imisebenzi enkulu Chronicle kunye epics intsomi kuza indawo inoveli zembali.

Ngenkulungwane ye-17 imiqondiso yokuqala ukuvela kwe inkcubeko entsha ixesha.

Sinokuthi ezenzeka lokusekwa ethnos Great Russian kunye neempawu zayo ephambili-14 ukuya kwele-17 ngo-impangele. Eli xesha linophawu self-determination yeCawa Orthodox Russian. Ezi nguqu ziye zaba negalelo kuphuhliso olungaphezulu eRashiya.