NguGustave Le Bon: biography

NguGustave Le Bon, ogama iincwadi zisekhona umdla omkhulu bengqondo, kwezentlalo, mbali, kunye nabanye., Uthathwa umseki Social Psychology. ukuba uyakwazi ukuchaza kakhulu nangokuchanekileyo ukuziphatha isihlwele kunye nezizathu ezibangela izihlwele ukuthobela iimfama oozwilakhe. Nangona uninzi imisebenzi wayebhale kwinkulungwane XIX, XX kwinkulungwane waziva negalelo elikhulu kweziphumo zayo zophando. Eyona ndawo ibalulekileyo apho wayesebenza nguGustave Le Bon - bengqondo.

ukubunjwa

NguGustave Le Bon wazalelwa Nogent-le-Rotrou, France, kwintsapho unguwo. Nangona isihloko ophezulu-akhenkcezayo, Lebon wawuhlala ngokuthozama kakhulu ngaphandle kubunewunewu.

Emva kokuba egqibe esikolweni igrama, Gustav wangena University of Paris Faculty of Medicine. Ngokubhekele phaya imfundo wakhe ngenxa intshukumo rhoqo phakathi European, Asia kunye namaziko Afrika. Kakade phakathi izifundo zakhe kwiYunivesithi Le Bon waqalisa ukupapasha amanqaku yakhe, ezamkelekileyo zokufunda yaye waba nomdla ngezangqa zenzululwazi.

Igalelo kuphuhliso amayeza

yezonyango Lebon ukuba engaganwanga, nangona igalelo layo kuphuhliso iyeza noku kakhulu, kodwa kuthwalelwa phandle ikakhulu esebenzisa iimpapasho zobunzululwazi. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba iziphumo yomsebenzi zophando lwakhe kwi-imi- 60 kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba, wabhala inqaku malunga izifo ezithi zenzeke ebantwini, abahlala kwiindawo zokulahla.

Amagunya kunye amalinge bokuqala ukuqonda oonobangela a yokuziphatha kwabantu kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo

Ukongezelela amayeza Lebon ngovuyo wafunda yabantu, zakudala kunye yokuhlalisana. Kuba ngoxa wasebenza ngugqirha yombutho ngaphambili. Injongo kukunika ithuba lokubona kwaye bafunde indlela abantu abaziphatha ngayo kwiimeko ezinzima. Xa 1870s yokuqala, iye yavusa umdla bengqondo, apho wagqiba kwicala elizayo umsebenzi wayo.

imisebenzi emikhulu

Lo mxholo, esemfuleni imisebenzi yabanjwa nguGustave Le Bon - kwintanda-isihlwele, iimpawu zayo kunye neenjongo. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kunye nemisebenzi kakhulu ethandwa Gustava Lebona incwadi "Psychology sezizwe kunye iindimbane." Ukuhlala kwi ngaphambili esweni inani elikhulu labantu anikwe isiseko eziyimfuneko izigqibo kunye kumaphepha olu hlelo wakwazi ukuthetha malunga ukujonga njani iintshukumisa ukuziphatha komntu, kwaye ngenxa yezi data, wazama ukuba achaze izizathu eziliqela iziganeko zembali. Kwixesha elizayo, yabhalwa kwaye "isihlwele psychology", ngubani ophumelele zingabhaliswa ngaphantsi, uze emva koko - ". Psychology ndawonye"

Nefuthe ekulawuleni umlando

Kuzo zonke ezi zifundo kunye ekuthatheni icace kumaphepha zeencwadi zakhe nowokupheliswa nokurhoxa, Lebon wayengazi ukuba umsebenzi wakhe uya kuba sisiseko ukuyilwa neengcamango zobunkokeli lwamaNazi. Noko ke, okubuhlungu kukuba, kukho uhlobo nencwadi Adolf Hitler and Benito uMussolini waba "psychology isihlwele". NguGustave Le Bon, ngokuqinisekileyo akazange alindele ukuba iza kuba nefuthe elibonakalayo ngolu hlobo indlela yembali. Uninzi izigqibo bakhe kwaqinisekiswa ngokuchanileyo kakhulu, ekubeni oozwilakhe ngentla ubukhulu becala kuphunyezwe iinjongo zayo.

nethuku zingqondweni esihlwele elikhokelwa

Ukuba eneneni uyise Social Psychology, kuqala Lebon wazama ukucacisa kokuqala kwexesha ubukho boluntu, ngokuchanekileyo xa babe izihlwele kubaluleke ngokukhethekileyo. Wayecinga ukuba ukuba isihlwele kukhokelela kukuba umntu uyinciphisile bekuliphi inqanaba lengqiqo, uxanduva kunye ezibalulekileyo le meko. Endaweni yoko, thatha izintso ze neemvakalelo zingqondweni, obe ubaqhiphukisa ukuziphatha enzima, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha ibizezamandulo of izihlwele amakhulu abantu.

Le Bon wayekholelwa ukuba abantu ubuncinane esilawulekayo lwamazwe apho buzinze elona nani likhulu Métis. umlawuli onamandla kunene, kungenjalo ukuphepha iziphithiphithi nokungalawuleki imfuneko States ezinjalo.

izigqibo umdla baye bafikelelwa nendlela wabethelela kwiimvaba abaninzi. Ngokutsho Le Bon, xa wafaka okanye inkolo, abantu nalamkela, kodwa hayi ngokupheleleyo, waza kuyo waqhoboshela kuphela ukholo lwakhe endala, oko kukuthi, enyanisweni, ukutshintsha isihloko kunye nomxholo, ngokuhlenga-hlengisa ezintsha ukuya inkolo yakwaNtu. Ngoko ke, iinkonzo "phantsi" kwi inginginya, ngokwemigaqo utshintsho ezininzi kwinkqubo lohlengahlengiso phakathi kwabantu uhlanga.

NguGustave Le Bon: isihlwele kunye nenkokheli

Le ndoda, ngubani na phakathi nabanye abaninzi abafana naye, ngokungathi kunjalo, ilahla leri zophuhliso, ngokulula ayilahle imigaqo yayo, iziphetho kubagxotha ngokuqhelekileyo xa kwisihlwele. Yena othambekele melelo wokuzibhubhisa, umsebenzi kakhulu, nto leyo ebonakaliswa susceptibility unya kunye ndlongo, kwaye ngokubonakala kukho ulangazelelo ibonwe ukuphumeza iinjongo zabo. Amaxesha amaninzi, umntu esendimbaneni iya kunxamnye neemfuno zabo neenkolelo.

Xa sisebenza kunye nabantu ukusetyenziswa isebenzayo imifanekiso elula ecacileyo ukuba musa baphathe akukho ububhanxa. Ngaphandle kokuba usekelwe ethile engaqhelekanga, Enyanisweni umangalisayo, kuba Ngokomzekelo, ukuba omnye angummangaliso okanye ikhulule yentle.

Ngokutsho kwithiyori Le Bon, iinkokheli kunqabile kubhekisela kwinani labantu abacinga, ibonisa. Amaninzi, bakholisa ukwenza ngaphezu kwabanye. kunqabile kakhulu ukuba babone ubunzulu bengxaki, oko kuba buthathaka ukuthanda inkokheli, kukhokelela entandabuzo kunye amangomso. Inkokeli sivame esingangqinelaniyo kwaye bayathatheka, phantse crazy. iingcinga zakhe, benchmarks inokuba etyeni, Uyageza, kodwa kunzima ukuyeka kwindlela ekufezekiseni le njongo. nezimo zengqondo ngayo uphefumlela, ukungcungcuthekiswa onamava - oko kuzisa ulwaneliseko lwenene inkokeli yokwenene. ukholo lwabo izimvo zabo, ukujonga loo oqinileyo kwaye engashukumiyo, ukuba amandla ngazo kuchaphazela iingqondo zabanye, kwandisa kalikhulu. Kwiinginginya zabantu kukuphulaphula ngaba umntu uyakwazi ukugcina amandla ukuthanda nomnqweno. Abantu abaye bazifumane esihlweleni, abaninzi kubo musa, ngoko engaqondanga akutsaleleki kumntu eyomeleleyo kwaye sizimisele.

Iinkokheli, ngokutsho kwithiyori Lebon, categorical kwaye sizimisele ngokubonakala ngamandla. Ngesi ukuzimisela, kwakunye intransigence olubanzi, bayakwazi ukwenza nkqu nabantu abaninzi recalcitrant kwaye nemvukelo azalisekise ukuthanda wabo, nokuba oko kuchasene nomdla bokwenyaniso umntu. Iinkokeli benza utshintsho ngendlela ekhoyo kwemicimbi, nto enyanzela uninzi ukwamkela izigqibo zabo baze bayithobele.

Ukusuka nabani na isihlwele, udla ukuba bathobele. kubonakaliswa yakhe amazwe amandla, yena buthathaka kakhulu, into ke leyo ngokupheleleyo ongenisa inkokeli isigqibo, wavuya ukuba kwisikhundla sokuba nokuthobela.

Imfundo nolwazi akuvamanga zigcinwe nesantya iimpawu yinkokeli, kodwa ukuba, kusenokwenzeka ukuba amashwa kumnini. Ukuba kukho umntu onengqondo ugcina iba lithambile, kuba uyakwazi ukujonga nzulu kulo meko, ukuze uqonde iinkalo ezahlukeneyo zabantu phantsi kwaye bazakhele ndiwuthukulule abambelele awo, niwaqhawule igunya lakhe. Kungenxa yoko le nto uninzi kweenkokeli ngawo onke amaxesha, wacinga nguGustave Le Bon, yaba bantu emxinwa-nye kakhulu, enyanisweni, ngaphezu isenokupheleliselwa le ndoda, kokukhona yaba impembelelo yakhe phezu sihlwele.

Oko kwaba ngokombono nguGustave Le Bon. Kuyinto ezi zimvo obenza isiseko iincwadi ezimbini ezisisiseko, ebe iincwadi zezifundo oozwilakhe ezininzi zenkohlakalo zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini. Kakade ke, lo nzulu wayengenayo ingcamango yokuba imisebenzi yakhe abawathandayo ezinjalo kunye nabalandeli.

NguGustave Le Bon, wafa eneminyaka engama-90 ngowe-1931 ekhayeni lakhe namadlelo ka Paris.