Uilyam Batler Yeyts: biography kunye nemisebenzi

Uilyam Batler Yeyts yaziwa ngokuba inkulu imbongi IsiNgesi-zolwimi XIX kade - ekuqaleni XX iinkulungwane, wenza lukhulu ukuguqula isimbo zemibongo, kwakunye umbhali, umbhali kunye umbhali. Uluhlu lweencwadi ekucetyiswa yi Hemingway ukufunda ezinyanzelekileyo ngababhali abatsha, sikhethwe, yaye "Autobiography" Yeats. Imibongo yakhe waphulaphula iitoliki baziincamisa. Kungekuphela nje imbongi, wazibonakalisa Uilyam Batler Yeyts. imibongo yakhe ngokuqinisekileyo zibaluleke kakhulu, kunjalo, Uilyam Batler eyaziwa njenge ekuchubekeni. Concept idrama Yeats waba nempembelelo enkulu TS Eliot, luphawulwa umsebenzi ezihlangwini zakhe njengoko "yinxalenye yale moya leminyaka."

Imvelaphi, ulutsha kunye nobugcisa ingakumbi abantu abaselula

Thina abanomdla imbongi IsiNgesi-ulwimi uzelwe elikomkhulu Ireland, usapho wayengumzobi edumileyo, uphuma esikolweni Pre-Raphaelite (ukuba, ngokuzenzekelayo, zazikufuphi kakhulu, kunye nentsapho Kipling yakhe). Akazange afumane indlela nayiphi na imfundo ephucukileyo esesikweni, kodwa abaninzi basebenza ngokuzimeleyo. inkanuko kwangethuba ukuze uncwadi.

Iivesi zokuqala ziphawulwe okuye kwachaphazela kakhulu uShelley kunye Spencer. Waqalisa ukubhala nabo emva 1882, kwaye upapasho lokuqala ngo-1885. Emva koko, ngo-1885, uWilliam inxaxheba nokucwangciswa Dublin uluntu alchemical asebenza kubugqi. Inzala ngayo baya kuhlala ubomi imbongi yakhe.

William yaqala yapapashwa kwiminyaka engama-20, yaye emva kweminyaka 4 wapapasha incwadi yokuqala yemibongo. Buhliselwe phezu nezimvo Pre-Raphaelite ndodana, wathi, yena "inkawu intiyo" sengqondo rationalism kunye nokusebenziseka amaxesha mihla. Kwabonakala ke kuye ukuba kwisihobe wabetha lo wentshabalalo okunene kubo, wafuna indawo yokusabela imiqondiso, ucinga ukuba umfanekiso ubuhle, ukusukela kwimboniselo wethu efihliweyo, akunakwenzeka lokuphinda ngaphandle kokubhenela ukuba sisebenzise iisimboli. Kodwa ke Yeats ifuna ukuba lwezobugcisa unefuthe iimvakalelo nje kuphela kumfundi, kodwa impembelelo yokuziphatha.

umsebenzi wokufundisa

imikhosi abaninzi wanika eluntwini imbongi. Ngowe-1891 esehlela eLondon Irish yoncwadi Society, kamva iNational Union of Irish e Dublin, lathabatha inxaxheba emsebenzini Society of iimbongi, wanyamekela ukukhuthaza lwemveli Irish. Enye impumelelo bakhe ekudalweni ekuthiwa-isisiGaelic League - Union kaRhulumente ijolise ekuphuhliseni i inkcubeko yesizwe Irish, mvuselelo ulwimi lwemveli kunye lenguqu ukuya uncwadi, ngokusekelwe izithethe zesizwe.

abantu Irish zinembali enzima. "Green Island" bantu ngokwezizwe Celtic BC ngenkulungwane IV. Kule mihla, ngenkulungwane XII, Ireland ufikile phantsi zegunya eNgilani. yena kuphela ngowe-1921 wafumana iwonga nobukhosi, kwaye ngo-1949 - geqe. Northern Ireland, ezibizwa ngokuba Ulster, wahlala kunye British. ulawulo Foreign ndikhohlakele, imithetho akazange avumele Irish ukusebenzisa ulwimi lwabo lwenkobe phantsi babeya kufa. Phakathi kwenkulungwane lokugqibela, umzabalazo inkcubeko yabo, ulwimi sele inzima yokushiywa mass; Ngoku Irish Amazwe ubomi kangangoko e-Ireland. Inani abasebenzisi ulwimi lweenkobe laqala ukuncipha. Nangoku, xa imeko lilungiswa, i-Irish uthe ngaphantsi kwekota abemi.

"Le imvuselelo zoncwadi Irish"

Ekulweni ukwehla inkcubeko kunye nentshukumo lizibekele umsebenzi, "imvuselelo boncwadi Irish", apho kwakukho isisiGaelic League kunye nesiqalo apho ezinxulumene Ngo-1893 ingqokelela yemibongo, ibhalwe Uilyam Yeyts ( "Celtic Twilight"). Intshukumo akazange ukuba iingxaki usukelo uzkoyazykovym, yaye abaninzi kubo, kuquka William, abhalwe IsiNgesi. "Nebhola - ubuzwe yam, kodwa hayi ulwimi lomthonyama," - wathi Uilyam Batler Yeyts. Ucaphula ivame mayisetyenziselwe ukukhuthaza oku intshukumo. Ingxaki "ye imvuselelo Irish zoncwadi" udumo - ukushukumisa umoya wesizwe, ukugcina amasiko esizwe, ukuze akhusele ukuzimela inkcubeko yelizwe.

Ukudalwa i-Irish Uqobo Theatre

Njengenxalenye isindululo Uilyam Batler Yeyts yasekwa ngo-1899 yi-Irish yoncwadi Theatre e Dublin yaye umqondisi phantse ekufeni kwiminyaka 40. On iintlobo ngenxa yeqonga lakhe, wasebenza kuye, ebhekisela ubukhulu becala kwimiba ibonwe yesizwe kunye nembali lokuzalwa. Apha, Yates yaba ngcungela inkulu. Wakwazi ukudala ingcamango lokuqala "theatre enkondlo", uchasaniso ukubusa naturalism.

ubomi Personal kunye nemibongo malunga nothando

Kwisihobe, nto leyo eyaba enabizwa eziphambili Yeats, naye rhoqo ndikhangele kuYehova. umsebenzi wakhe kwangethuba zivela kwiintsomi kwaye ondla ingcamango "ubuhle engunaphakade". Ngokoqobo ngenkankulu umdla yimbongi. A uhlobo umbala buhlungu kwi kwisihobe Yeats wazisa uthando. Xa wayeneminyaka engama-24, wadibana ngokobuhle oselula Maud Goni, ngumdlali weqonga kunye wotshitsho, kunye iminyaka emininzi ukuba iimvakalelo zakhe abaseleyo yedwa. Kuphela kwiminyaka 52, kuba ixesha yesine efunyenwe wokusilela uMaud ukuqhagamshela ubomi babo, saqala umkhaya Uilyam Batler Yeyts. "Ufuna ingubo yasezulwini ..." - ligama omnye kwimibongo yakhe enxulumene uthando lyrics. Hi ndlela leyi, imigca isandi yakhe ekuqaleni movie "Equilibrium". Abaninzi abazi ukuba umbhali lwabo - Uilyam Batler Yeyts. "Ke mna, ukuba amahlwempu, kuphela amaphupha am," - uthi hero ombambazelayo walo mbongo, ekhalela ukuba alaqhenqetha ngaphandle ezinyaweni oyintanda "isilika wasezulwini."

Confessional nemibongo oluntu

Ekuhambeni kwexesha, imisebenzi Yeats esicaciswe zaphuka. "Beauty Obungunaphakade", umbongo ngothando - konke oku ngokuthe shwaka. Ukuqala kunye "imbopheleleko" lokuqokelelwa (1914), Uilyam Batler ukhula uthathwa ukuba confessional nemibongo yoluntu. ingqokelela yemibongo adlulisele umoya lwentlalo elidlulileyo. In elisoloko yiloo ukunganeliseki Catholic Ireland kopilos kunye ukongamela Protestant England. Ijolise ekusombululeni intlekele ekuyo i-Dublin mvukelo ngo-1916. Ireland wathi ngokwako republic, kodwa ngumvukeli yathatha iintsuku ezintlanu kuphela. Uilyam Batler Yeyts waba ngeli xesha eLondon, yaye micimbi ibe isimanga epheleleyo kuye, kodwa kukho ubungqina ngokunzulu engqondweni yakhe.

Kwathatha i sihlaziye yezinto ezidlulileyo. ugalelwe Endaweni kunye neentsomi nobugqi umsebenzi Yeats kuquka imbali yeli lizwe kunye amaqhawe ayo lokwenene. Ubunyaniso igazi le mvukelo, leyo wathi ubomi 450, ukufa neenkokheli zayo ziye zakhokelela imbongi ukulahla begazi sublime, jonga entsha kwi ebantwini.

Elibuhlungu tone yemibongo

Ubomi akazange ukunika inkxaso ngokuqinileyo ukuya ukufuna. Nengcitho impi kunye abahlaseli British yavusa Yates ukuphoxeka ekrakra. Ngaba woyisa uloyiko lwakhe sokungamelani nomxokelelwane intiyo nodushe. Eqalile ithoni uphawu sisininzi imibongo eli thuba. Kakade ke, siye sadibana kule lwamazwi Yeats kunye ukulele ochwayithileyo. Umzekelo - lo mbongo "I umbethi-fidyoli of Dunii".

imbongi ukuthembeka

Yeats izibongo zifumane ukwamkelwa ngokubanzi. Kuyabonakala ukuba, akukho mfuneko ukukhangela isibaxo kwifomula ye-Swedish Academy, leyo waphawula ukuba umsebenzi wakhe 'inika umongo yokomoya lonke uhlanga. " Igunya le mbongi mkhulu. Ukususela ngowe-1922 ukuya 1928, Yates - ilungu le-Irish yeeNgwevu, omnye eNdlu yeeNgwevu ezintathu nokucebisa uRhulumente kwimiba yezemfundo, iincwadi kunye nobugcisa. intetho yakhe waqiqa negalelo ukugcinwa ezikhumbuzo ezininzi yesizwe. Noko ke, inkoliso amalinge ukuba bangenele le nkqubo zange ukunika iziphumo, yaye wala ngesiqu.

intetho samenza

intetho Yeats weSenethi kunika ubungqina yovavanyo yakhe ngendima inkcubeko eluntwini. Ngo omnye wabo wathi ukuba wayengenalo ithemba ukubona Ireland emanyeneyo, funda ukulawula ka Ulster; kodwa ndiqinisekile ukuba ekugqibeleni oko kuya kwenzeka, yaye hayi ngenxa yokuba i-Irish uya kunilwela, kodwa ngenxa yokuba ulawulo kakuhle ilizwe labo. Uilyam Batler Yeyts wathi oku kunokwenziwa ngokudala inkcubeko oya kumela ilizwe lam yaye apho ziya kutsala ezingqondweni zabantu abatsha.

Leminyaka yokugqibela ubomi kunye nomsebenzi

Kule minyaka ilishumi yokugqibela yobomi bakhe, kwabonakala, ahambe ngokuzolileyo. Great lwempatho kunye nezo zinto inkxaso yaba Prize Nobel, abasamkelayo ngo-1923. Imbongi kwakhona ngokupheleleyo amandla ngokomoya nangokwenyama asondelayo ukwaluphala uthetha ehlekisayo cwaka. Kodwa kuphela ngaphandle ezolileyo, ubomi yokomoya imbongi isekhona ngokupheleleyo wokomelela. Kwiminyaka yakhe yokwehla zonke iziqu umbhali, wakhangela ngasemva elidlulileyo, ukucinga ngekamva, zibuze omnye lokuphazamisa enye. Xa umsebenzi wakhe kukho imisonto fresh laqanduselwa iingcamango ezintsha, ukutshintsha indlela enkondlo. Ngoko ke lungaba uphikisa rhoqo ngokwayo. Ukufuna Isimo angazishiyi kuyo kude kube sekupheleni.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ezi ndinyana enxulumene nexesha kade emsebenzini wakhe, abe ngobuntu ngaphezu imisebenzi ngaphambili. Ingakumbi, ke wabhekisela abantwana William Yeats lizisa ukukhanya malunga wokwaluphala kwakhe.

azaziwa Le minyaka elinesihlanu yokugqibela yobomi bakhe Yeats njenge Imbongi yesizwe Irish. Wayesoloko egula, kodwa waqhubeka ukuyenza. Kule minyaka ilishumi yokugqibela yobomi bakhe uye wadala imisebenzi yaphawula sisakhono obungaqhelekanga, uthando olukhulu nomfanekiso- ngqondweni. Phakathi kwabo simele ukhankanye ingqokelela ezifana "I Tower" (1928) kunye "Spiral IZinyuko", sidalwe 1933.

Imbongi wafa French Riviera, kwidolophu Cap-Martin, 28 Januwari 1939. Ukufa emva kwenye ukugula weza. Ngokutsho intando Yeats, leyo labekwa kwindawo ukuthanda kwakhe zemibongo, ngowe-1948, uhlala bakhe angcwatywa Ireland.

Imbambano phezu umntu kunye nomsebenzi imbongi

ukuguquka ngokukhawuleza ezi uphawu Yeats, igcisa lonke umsebenzi phantse-60 ngonyaka-. Wayedla wala inkqubela, utshintsho, kwaye kwatshintsha umsebenzi wakhe. Facts zokuphila kunye ngobomi zoncwadi ze Yeats eziphikisanayo kakhulu. Bonke ubomi bakhe ukuba unomdla kwiimfundiso eyimfihlakalo. Oku kuboniswa umsebenzi wakhe. Ngokukodwa, nemimoya wayeyithanda Uilyam Yeyts. "Umbono" - yapapashwa ngowe-1925 Le ncwadi, apho intetho ezi zihlandlo ngokwasengqondweni nezembali ukusuka kwindawo nobugqi. Ngaxa lithile, Uilyam Batler zazikholelwa demagogy abangekaphuhli zwilakhe.

Ngako oko, ukugwetywa nabagxeki kwizikhundla zakhe bulumko badla anikane ngaphandle omnye komnye: Yeats amele revolution, i mva, le traditionalist, lo modernist. Izigwebo zixhaswa ngeembekiselo ukuba manqaku, amazwi, imigca zesihobe. Imbambano phezu umntu kunye nomsebenzi William Butler Yeats waba isiko. Enye into icacile - wayeyindoda rhoqo ukulwela ngayo ezikhoyo ezintsha ngokomoya. Kwaye lo mhlaba waphefumlela ukuba ukwenza uhlobo olutsha kunye nesiqulatho yesihobe, nto leyo yaba yinxalenye yenkcubeko mihla.