YoBhedu Age - ngokufutshane malunga nenkcubeko kunye nobugcisa

ngekhulu Bronze ixesha yesibini emva kwexesha yesinyithi. Inkxaso-XI kwekhulu XXV BC kwaye yahlulwe ngamanqanaba amathathu:

• Early - XXV lwekhulu XVII ..
• Middle - XVII of XV eminyaka.
• Kade - XV of IX kwiinkulungwane.

YeBronzi Age luphawulwa ukuphucuka izixhobo nokuzingela, kodwa kude kube ngoku oosonzululwazi ukuqonda indlela abantu bamandulo beza ingcamango ukunyibilika ore lobhedu indlela metallurgical. YeBronzi sisinyithi yokuqala, afunyenwe ingxubevange of nenkcenkce nangobhedu, ngokufuthi kongezwe kwistibhiya okanye iarseniki, kunye neempawu zazo ephakeme ubhedu soft: indawo ukunyibilika ngobhedu - 1000 ° C, nobhedu - malunga 900 ° C. amaqondo ezinjalo ekufezile crucibles ezincinane, amaziko kunye ngezantsi etsolo kunye neendonga zamafu. Ababu- for izixhobo ekubunjweni nokuzingela ezenziwe ngamatye ethambileyo, kwaye ke etyhidiweyo wathulula amacephe ngodongwe.

Uphuhliso ekubunjweni yobhedu ibangele ukuba ukuphuculwa yomkhosi elinemveliso: ezinye izizwe abelusi watshintshela pastoralism ephila yaye ungenzi waqhubeka ukuphuhlisa waza ukulima ezolimo, eyayisisiqalo notshintsho lwentlalo phakathi kwezizwe. Ukongeza, inkcubeko Ibronzi Age uqalisa ukutshintsha: kobudlelane oosolusapho emiselwe ubudala - ukomeleza amandla abo badala, uqinisa indima kunye nesikhundla womzalwana nendoda. AmaNgqina zidityaniswe yokungcwaba indoda nomfazi kunye nentwana le ukufa yabafazi.

Iqala ezithile ngokwezinga yoluntu, umahluko ngokwentlalo kunye nempahla phakathi izityebi namahlwempu iya ngakumbi nangakumbi: kukho enkulu ikhaya multi-igumbi ngoyilo ecacileyo, iindawo zokuhlala abazizityebi kukhula, egxile ngeenxa zonke kuye ezincinane. Ngcembe ukwandisa, bakha isixeko yokuqala apho urhwebo olukhula ngokukhawuleza nokuchwela, kwi yeBronzi Age asakhulayo yokubhala. Yaba ingongoma ebalulekileyo kakhulu.

YoBhedu Age art eziphuhliswe kunye nokuphuculwa izixhobo: ukupeyinta iliwa ndazifumanela ecacileyo, imisele engqongqo kunye cebo zejometri batshintsha nemizobo emibalabala izilwanyana. Ngeli xesha, kukho imikrolo, izivatho (izacholo ukuba izixhobo kunye nezinto kubomi bemihla ngemihla), iplastiki. Oku wabonakaliswa izivatho ulwimi lokomfuziselo zokubala leyo ngalinye ngohlobo lwazo. umzobo Ornamental waba isimilo njengamakhubalo: neempahla ekhuselweyo yokutya noomoya abakhohlakeleyo, umdla eninzi, wanika impilo yentsapho.

Ezinomdla womzobo edume Karakol, obonisa izidalwa bezinye iintlanga iimilo iyahlangana yezilwanyana zobuntu. Iindibaniso ubuso ngokupheleleyo kwaye iprofayile kwi umfanekiso yabantu kuzisa la manani kunye art samandulo saseYiputa - zonke ezi imizobo zibonisa iingcamango cosmogonic of imvelaphi yabantu yamandulo, malunga ukudibana zabantu kunye bambi lenguqu ukuya kwelabafileyo. Ezi imizobo zazenziwe ipeyinti abamnyama, abamhlophe kunye ebomvu ezindongeni iibhokisi yokungcwaba, kunye nentwana ye imizobo eyenziwe ngepeyinti ebomvu zafunyanwa Skulls kwabafileyo. Ngaphandle izixhobo eziyimfuneko, abantu bamandulo bafunda ukwenza waphosa kunye nobhedu kwaphunyezwa, izivatho zobhedu zegolide ezihonjiswe nokusukelana, ilitye, ithambo, ulusu kunye lukhule.

I yeBronzi Age yaba sisandulela besinyithi, awasimisayo ukuba impucuko ukuya kwinqanaba eliphezulu yophuhliso.