Makukhanye and sugar umbala (umfanekiso). Production kunye nokuhlola umgangatho iswekile

Ihlabathi esiphila sele uyazi kangangokuba sasidla musa nokuba qaphela ezo zinto zincinane ezenza ubomi bethu. Umzekelo, ukuba ufuna ukusela iti okanye ikofu, sibe ngesibindi ukuthatha iswekile ukuphucula ubumnandi. Kodwa yintoni na le nto? Yintoni sugar umbala? Ngaba kukhanye? Ngapha koko, ezishelfini kwi isitora iintlobo enjalo kweemveliso. Kuxhomekeka kuhlobo imveliso. Ukuba sithethe malunga umbala yikristale neswekile, simhlophe, kwaye ukuba induku, i Ukrainian lunee ntlobo inokuba nomahluko.

ukutya kubalulekile

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi sucrose, apho ekhaya wabiza iswekile. It has a ixabiso eliphezulu lesondlo, njengoko ngokulula carbohydrate ukutya. Xa emzimbeni, oko zahlulwe zibe kumacandelo amabini (fructose kunye glucose), kwaye ngoko nangoko ungena egazini. Ngaye lowo unako ukuphila kwakunye glucose - umthombo ngaphezu kwesiqingatha se-eneji ukuba umzimba kufuneka ukuba imini. Kodwa eyavela akufuneki igqithe mmiselo, kuba oko kunokukhokelela ukugula kakhulu. Iswekile unalo nomkhwezeli ukuba ityhefu okanye izifo ezithile zesibindi. Oku kunempembelelo entle emzimbeni, ngoko ke ngamanye amaxesha lesitofu ngqo emthanjeni. Kumazwe amaninzi, iswekile amaqela siphambili ukulungiselela nemveliso kushishino confectionery le. Umzekelo, caramel, meringues kunye dragees 80-95% kubandakanya le nangoku, itshokolethi kunye epha - 50%, umgubo - nge-30-40%. sugar umbala ingaba nomahluko, kuxhomekeke ukusuka yenziwa yintoni material nokuba sokukhanyisa ezongezelelweyo zenzeka.

History of izovela

India yindawo ekuzalelwe kuyo amaqhawe iswekile oyintanda. Eli gama uye iingcambu yamandulo Indiya, kodwa bayifumana kwi Greek kulwimi Russian. oovulindlela yaseYurophu le mveliso aba amaRoma. Bathi wayithenga ekhaya wayisa kumakhaya abo. Nomlomo ngorhwebo enjalo eyenziwa eYiputa, ngelo xesha kwakukho iphondo uBukhosi baseRoma. Le imveliso yenziwa ukusuka umoba. Kuqala kwizicatshulwa incindi, yaye emva koko, ngexesha lonyango, kwakukho imvuthuluka amnandi. Umbala iswekile, leyo ifunyenwe, waba elimdaka.

Ekuhambeni kwexesha, amaRoma waqala ukukhula yeziqholo kumzantsi eSpeyin esasiseSisili, kodwa ukuwa imeko yemiswa yonke imveliso. I iswekile Russian yokuqala ukuvela kwi XI-XII iinkulungwane. Kodwa wayesazi ukuba ukungcamla kuphela esikhethiweyo, oko kukuthi, umthetheli kunye neqembu yakhe. Peter Ndagqiba ukuba kwakufuneka ukuvelisa imveliso kweli lizwe, yazivula lokuqala "Indlu zeswekile 'ngenkulungwane XVIII. Kodwa akuzange kube lula kakhulu. Ngapha koko, izinto ekrwada kusafuneka ukuba zingeniswe elizweni zivela kumazwe aphesheya. Ngowe-1809 yena wenza impumelelo kulo mmandla, njengoko kwaye kwafunyaniswa ukuba iswekile nga itsalwa izityalo iingcambu wengingqi - beetroot. Ukususela ngoko, le mveliso abufiki itafile bonke abemi Russia, kunye nemali yokusebenzisa yanda kuphela ngonyaka ngamnye.

sugar brown

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, olu hlobo iilekese ezenziwe ngenduku. Le ziikristale anxibé nembeleko (nembeleko), yaye oku ngenxa umbala kunye nevumba yeswekile. Ithekhnoloji kahle elula (isiraphu yenziwe, kwaye ke kubhaliwe iphekiweyo), kodwa iye ezichaphazela yayo. Species yeswekile brown yinto eninzi. Ahluke ubungakanani nembeleko ekhoyo kwi kwakheka. Amaxesha amaninzi ngenxa shades ezithile olu hlobo kuthiwa "coffee" okanye "iti". Abavelisi ke imeko le mveliso njenge obutofotofo kunye eco-lula, nto leyo eyandisa ixabiso layo. Kodwa zokudla zilumkisa ngelithi ngenxa yokuba iswekile ukuba icocwe, ukwakhiwa kwayo ingaquka ukungcola okungafunwayo nomxholo caloric imveliso akukho ngaphantsi kunesiqhelo. Ngokufuthi, umbala iswekile olifunayo siyifumana sokukhanyisa ye asidi, okanye sulphur dioxide.

Ukuvelisa ukusuka beet

Omnye uvulindlela kule ndawo kuthathwa Andreas Margraf, ubani umsebenzi wakhe ngo-1747. Oku kubonisa amandla ngenxa nokukha iswekile evela kwisityalo beet ingcambu. Uchaza nendlela le nkqubo, nto leyo eye ndihlile, ukuze imihla yethu. umfundi wakhe Achard wazama ukwakha isityalo ukuba imveliso iilekese, kodwa aluphumelelanga. Kuphela ngo-1806 phezu imiyalelo uNapoleon, inkqubo yemveliso sele zifakiwe. Wayekholelwa ukuba oku kuya kunceda France ukuba akwazi ukuzimela ngakumbi kwaye akuxhomekekanga kwizinto ezingeniswa amazwe.

Isityalo yokuqala ngenxa yokuba kuveliswe le nto ekrwada eRashiya yakhiwa ngo-1806, kodwa imveliso ngenxa yaba efanelekileyo kuphela neyanamhlanje ibe utywala. Kwaye ngo 1897 kwilizwe lonke wayesebenza sele mveliso 236, nto leyo kunye wenziwe iitoni iswekile ngonyaka ngamnye million 45. Ithekhinoloji eyimveliso imveliso beet ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: ngokusebenzisa kwe- kufunxwa engcanjini isiraphu, ipasisiwe ngokusebenzisa izihluzi ukwahlula ido- ulwelo osuke ukuba degrees 60, apho amanzi eyahlula kwemfuneko. Emva koko ke sis okuhlamba ngekalika kunye asidi. Lo mxube engumphumela ngumphunga de ziikristale tsedyat baze bafakwe icentrifuge, leyo esahlula imveliso esifunwayo kwi nembeleko. Le nkcazelo ndiwazuze womile balungisa nokuqwalaselwa ezahlukeneyo iswekile sucrose.

Yiyiphi umbala lo sugar beet ibe intengiso? Impendulo echanekileyo - ezimhlophe, mhlawumbi kuphela ithinti okuncinane yellow.

iipropati organoleptic

Organoleptic - indlela eyenza kube lula ukufumanisa umgangatho imveliso ngokusebenzisa izivamvo, ezizezi ukubona, ukuva, incasa, ivumba kunye kwebala. Ngokufuthi iswekile Russian yenziwe ngohlobo kwentlabathi. Iingcali, phambi kokuba atyiswe ukuthengiswa imveliso eyenziweyo, nokuphonononga umbala iswekile, nokuba sele kukhanya, oko nasongo. Kungakuhle, kufuneka luqulathe igama ubungakanani ezifanayo kunye nokumila ziikristale baye babonisa ubuso ukhanye. Ivumba kunye isongo njengoko mba owomileyo isisombululo sayo kufuneka ube mnandi, ngaphandle ukungcola. Ukunyibilika emanzini, kufuneka ibe ngokupheleleyo kunye nombala kwamanzi akawatshintshi. Umbala zeswekile - ezimhlophe, umthunzi ukukhanya emthubi kunokwenzeka. impahla olugunyazisiweyo - fluidity ngaphandle kokuba lunamahlwili amhlophe.

Indawana sugar

Sugar-Boy ebizwa ngakumbi iswekile esulungekisiweyo ngohlobo ziingceba. Yenziwe iswekile granulated ochazwe ngaphambili. iimpawu zayo zifana kakhulu iimpawu "isalamane" yayo. Ukuvelisa imveliso nge kwenye sentlambululo isangqa kunye recrystallization. Oku kukuvumela ukuba wenze kube kanzulu xaxa. Emva kokuba ithunyelwe oonondaba, nto leyo yenze imivalo eqinileyo, kwahlulwa ibe ziingceba. Umbala kunye ayenechaphothi zeswekile kule meko kufuneka emhlophe kunye namona oluhlaza kunokwenzeka, ngaphandle ubumdaka, kodwa eminye imigangatho ethile ayikho apha. Incasa kunye nevumba kufuneka kwakhona ibe simahla ubumdaka, elimnandi nje.

maple sugar

Ngaphandle iintlobo ezaziwayo-kakuhle, kukho ezininzi nazo ezivenkileni. Omnye wabo ke maple iswekile. imveliso yawo yaqala ngenkulungwane XVII kwimpuma eKhanada. okubonakalayo ngokuba kuye ijusi na maple yeswekile. NgoFebruwari noMatshi kulo mthi zemithi eweva ekuveliseni ulwelo, leyo iqalisa flow akhutshwe apho emngxunyeni. Liquka ukuya kwi-3% yeswekile. inkqubo ustrimisho iyaqhubeka kangangeeveki eziliqela, nto leyo evumela ukuba kwakhiwe isixa enkulu kangangoko yesiselo efunekayo. Yena iphathwa, ezizezi komphunga, ngaloo ndlela afumane "isiraphu maple", yaye sele kulo ukucatshulwa imveliso yokugqibela. Omnye umthi ngonyaka kunokuba-3 ukuya kwelesi-6 neekhilogram iswekile.

Abantu balapha sele kudala upasisiwe le nangoku, akhohlwe iinketho aphesheya. Ngakumbi ke kuba yi izihlandlo eziliqela enencasa ngaphezu kwesiqhelo. Ukuba sithethe malunga umbala iswekile kufuneka, ngoko singatsho kakuhle ukuba nemnyama, isiraphu maple kuba lineentsingiselo ezinjalo. Ukongeza, le nangoku kuluncedo kakhulu, ngenxa yokuba sisityebi kwi iivithamini B

jaggery

Emzantsi nomzantsi-mpuma Asia ukuvelisa enye uhlobo zeswekile - esundu okanye yagre. Ukuze wenze oku, zifanele iintlobo ezahlukileyo zemithi yesundu. imithi izikhwebu eneentyatyambo Young ntlanga, iqukuqela incindi limnandi kuzo. Kudla ngokuba ifilim leyo esikhethwe imithi yekhokhonathi, kodwa isivuno esihle ingalandwa ukusuka Arengo okanye imithi yesundu. Ngonyaka omnye zezityalo isicatshulwa kwi 250 kg juice, uyazikhomba sucrose leyo ifumana-20%. Ukuba abasebenzi bayakwazi ukunyamekela ngokufanelekileyo ngenxa umthi yakho, ungasebenzisa yona iminyaka emininzi.

Kanye njengokuba kwezinye ubugcisa, isebenzisa komphunga, kodwa oko kwenziwa kwiqokobhe nemozulu enika imveliso ngokumila omise. Yisebenzise kangangoko amakhulu zabavelisi ngokwabo, oko kukuthi bakule ndawo. Ukuba ezinomdla, yintoni umbala na iswekile kufunxwa ngale ndlela, siya bangawuphendula lo brown. Ukuba yidibanise iti okanye ikofu, oko kuya kwenza ukusela nje kamnandi, kodwa ayinike i incasa nanto.

namabele sugar

Sele e China yamandulo, kwakukho umkhwa ukuvelisa nangoku evela amazimba. Ngexesha American Civil War England sinamafu unikezelo lwe kumasimi eswekile kwi ithi emantla. Oku kuye kwakhokelela ekubeni ukusasazeka uhlobo olunye, oko kukuthi amazimba. Kodwa emva kwezi ziganeko, imveliso iye ayasekwa, ngenxa ngokwemigaqo izinto ekrwada sisityalo kakhulu engonwabanga. A ubunzima kukuba kwincindi eliphuma sisityebi sucrose nje kuphela kodwa iityuwa ezahlukeneyo zezimbiwa, leyo zinqanda ukuyilwa ziikristale ehlambulukileyo. Kodwa kwimimandla apho imbalela ihlala ezininzi kulo nyaka, amazimba inokuba indawo efanele kakhulu eminye imithombo iswekile. Ingakumbi kuba oomatshini ezizodwa okanye izixhobo akukho mfuneko ukulima yayo. Ezishelfini ukuxhotyiswa, le mveliso kunzima kakhulu ukufumana, kodwa simele sikhumbule ukuba iswekile kufuneka umbala yegolide evuthiweyo. Amaninzi wathengisa ngayo ngokohlobo isiraphu.

Ngenxa yoko, iswekile - into leyo ngokuqinileyo ebomini bethu. Ukuze ukujonga umgangatho wayo, iingcali ahlawule ingqalelo kwizinto ezifana incasa, imilo, ivumba kunye umbala iswekile. Photo ngeendlela ezahlukahlukeneyo zifumaneka kwiphepha malunga iijenali ngesondlo. Oku kuya kukunceda ukuba ukhethe imveliso engcono. Kufuneka kwakhona sikhumbule ukuba umbala ityuwa neswekile yahluke gqitha: ityuwa emhlophe ecocekileyo, kunye neswekile unokuba umthunzi yellow okanye ibe mdaka, kuxhomekeka iintlobo.