Amanzi Heavy, ukulungiselela yayo kunye neepropati

Ngaphambili, abantu abazange bacinge ukuba amanzi yaye yintoni na imvelaphi yayo. Kuye kwafunyaniswa ukuba lwesi sakhi, kodwa ngoku siyazi ukuba kukho imichiza esimbaxa.

Ngo-1932 umhlaba uphela ekusasazeni iindaba ukuba uMhlaba kodwa elula, kukho amanzi enzima. Yinto sele kwaziwa ukuba kube 135 ngeentlobo Isotope.

isakhiwo

amanzi Heavy, ekwabizwa ngokuba deuterium oxide, ukwakhiwa imichiza yahlukile iziyatha eqhelekileyo kodwa endaweni athom hydrogen equlethwe emanzini, kuba iqulathe Isotope ezimbini enzima hydrogen, ebizwa ngokuba yi-deuterium. amanzi imbi le 2H2O olungumgubo okanye D2O. Ngaphandle akukho umahluko phakathi ulwelo enzima yaye ilula, kodwa ezahlukeneyo zokuhlola zabo.

ekudibaneni kwemichiza ekuhambeni kwamanzi enzima ababuthakathaka kunesiqhelo.

amanzi Heavy yityhefu kancinane. imifuniselo Uphando lubonise ukuba kufakwe athom hydrogen ngu deuterium lung nge-25%, eyenza ukuba iinkunzi izilwanyana. Ukuba ukwandisa ngakumbi umxholo wayo emanzini, isilwanyana uyafa. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye izinto eziphilayo ukuphila kwi 70% deuterium (Paramecium caudatum). Indoda ngaphandle neziphumo kwimpilo ndingasela malunga iglasi yamanzi. Kule deuterium kwazona emzimbeni kwiintsuku nje ezimbalwa.

amanzi Heavy na impahla lokwandisa zilungelelane electrolyte, ukuba zenziwa ngebhegi electrolysis amanzi. It lubamba iperi ulwelo elula ngaphandle, ie ke hygroscopic.

Enye iimpawu ezibalulekileyo olu hlobo manzi kukuba phantse ayithethi ukufunxa neutron, yaye oku kuvumela ukuba kusetyenziswa reactor zenyukliya isantya inkqubo neutron kwaye chemistry usetyenziswa njengendawo tracer.

amanzi Heavy, ulwamkelo

Kwiminyaka 1933-1946 yena ndlela kuphela zokuzikhulisa electrolysis. Kamva kwakukho iiteknoloji ngaphezulu phambili. imveliso Contemporary mass isetyenziswa engamanzi igalelo umjelo Yek ukusuka electrolyte, umxholo kuwo 0.1-0.2% yamanzi enzima.

Inyathelo lokuqala kusebenza lobushushu-ezimbini xi technology hydrosulphuric Isotope kuguquguqulwa, yoxinaniso lo walivala ithende lamanzi imbi 5-10%. Inyathelo lesibini - le ndachithelwa electrolysis yesisombululo ialakalin kubushushu zero, xi amdaka - 99,75-99,995%.

izazinzulu Russian nobuchwepheshe obuphuma ukulungiselela ukuveliswa nokucocwa kwamanzi enzima sele ziphuhlisiwe. Ngowe-1995, elo ziko, nto leyo iba kahle eliphezulu, wafakwa ukusebenza yorhwebo. Production ngokupheleleyo ayisazanelisi iimfuno zamanzi enzima, kuyo nayiphi na imali, kwaye kananjalo likuvumela ukuba urhwebe ngaphandle kokuba amazwe.

isicelo

amanzi Heavy isetyenziswa ezahlukeneyo iinkqubo yebhayoloji nemichiza. Izazinzulu ziye bazimisele ukuba kulwelo ithintela uphuhliso iintsholongwane, nomngundo, ulele, kwaye ukuba iqulethe-50% deuterium, ngoko uzuza iipropati antimutagenic, ikhuthaza ukukhula ubunzima yebhayoloji kunye ukukhawulezisa ukufikisa ebantwini.

izazinzulu yaseYurophu baqhuba iimvavanyo kwi mpuku abanomhlaza. amanzi Heavy ibhuqiwe kunye nesifo nabakhi yayo. Kuye kwafunyaniswa ukuba manzi kubi izityalo kunye nezilwanyana. Kulo yokulinga, leyo yena wankcenkceshela amanzi enzima, izintso zatshatyalaliswa kwaye akonwabanga ukutya. Xa ngeedosi eziphezulu lezilwanyana zamanzi wafa. Xa imali encinci (ukuya kwi-25%), izilwanyana bafumana ubunzima waza wazisa umba elungileyo, ndanda imveliso iqanda iinkuku.

Amaphepha emibuzo kwenzeka ntoni xa ngokupheleleyo balahle deuterium, namanje evulekile.

Uthelekiso iimpawu ukukhanya namanzi enzima

Impendulo umbuzo malunga umahluko phakathi ukukhanya nobushushu bendalo ulwelo enzima ixhomekeke kumntu lowo wabelwa.

Iipropati imichiza phakathi kwabo kukho phantse akukho mahluko. Kwimeko nganye kuzo yabela ngokulinganayo sodium hydrogen ngu electrolysis, kwaye yena kunye namanye amanzi yonakele ngokulinganayo, iimpawu zabo yamachiza ayafana, nabo, ngenxa yokuba nokwakheka efanayo.

Iimpawu ezibonakalayo zezi ulwelo ezahlukeneyo: abilayo point kunye ebandayo kubo ukungalingani, njengoko bazenze zambi loxinano ezahlukeneyo kunye noxinzelelo umphunga. amanzi Heavy kwaye kukukhanya ibolile yi electrolysis ngezantya ezahlukeneyo.

Ukusuka kwindawo zebhayoloji lwembono - kakhulu ngumba enzima, kusekho kufuneka basebenze.