Leli lizwe lingagqibekanga. Izizathu kunye nemiphumo

Akuyena wonke umntu owaziyo okokusilelayo. Ulwimi olulula le ngcamango ichazwe kwiincwadi ezidumile. Inqamana yeli gama i-bankruptcy. Kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo ukufaniswa nale ncazelo akunakwenzeka, kuba i-insolvency inegama elincinci. Makhe siqwalasele, ukuba loo nto ingagqibekanga. Ngolwimi olulula sizama ukuchaza intsingiselo yaloo mbono.

I sigama

Iingcali ezininzi ezisebenza kwintsimi yezemali ziyazi ukuba kuthetha ukuthini ukungagqibekanga. Le nkcazo kufuneka iqondwe njengophula umthetho wokubolekisa umrhumo, phambi komboleki. Enyanisweni, oku kungakwazi ukuhlawula ngokukhawuleza kwetyala okanye eminye imiqathango yesivumelwano. Ngomlinganiselo obanzi, ukusilela kukukho nawuphi na uhlobo lokurhoxiswa kwimbopheleleko yetyala. Ngokwenza oko, ukutyhilwa okucacileyo kwesi sigqibo kusetyenziswa. Abantu abanegunya bayazi kakuhle ukuba yintoni enye indlela engapheliyo. Ngomlinganiselo omncinci, kuqondwa njengenqatshwa yecandelo lokulawula eliphambili kwiimali zalo.

Iimpawu zenkqubo

Iimpawu ezahlukileyo zokungagqibekanga ziyakucingelwa, ukuthelekisa ngokuchithwa. Ngaphandle kokungabikho kohlawuli (umashishini okanye ubucala), umbolekisi unelungelo lokubamba impahla yeboleki. Ngoko uhlawula ilahleko zakhe. Kwamazwe amaninzi, ukuchithwa kwemali kuqukwa kwinkqubo ephakathi, apho onke amabango kwiinkampani ezingekho phantsi. Ukuthathwa kwepropati kwenziwa ngokuhambelana nesigqibo somgwebo. Iimpahla zidibeneyo, kwaye zivela kubunzima bokukhuphisana, eziza kubelwa ngababolekisi ngokuhambelana nomyalelo osungulwe ngumthetho. Inqubo enjalo ayikwazi ukusetyenziswa ukuba i-default yelizwe iyabhengezwa. Oku kubangelwa kukuba ukubanjwa kwepropati yomboleki kule meko akunakwenzeka. Eyona nto ibhetele, ababolekisi baya kukwazi ukumisa umnqweno welizwe ongaphandle kwintsimi yayo, kuquka i-real estate nemali kuma-akhawunti angaphandle.

Ukwahlula

Ukhokelo lukaRhulumente lunokuba:

1. Kwimali mboleko yebhanki.
2. Izibophelelo zemali yesizwe.
3. Kwiimali ezingaphandle kwemali.

Umoya ongaguqukanga kwimali-mboleko ngemali kazwelonke ipapashwa ngokuthe rhoqo kuneengxowa-mali zangaphandle. Oku kubangelwa ukuba urhulumente angahlawula izibophelelo zasekhaya ngokukhupha iibhanti ezintsha zebhanki.

Ingundoqo yenkqubo

Inkqubo ebangela ukuba ilizwe lingagqibekanga, lingaboniswa ngohlobo lomjikelezo. Kwinqanaba lokuqala, urhulumente ufumana ukufikelela okulula kwimithombo yelizwe jikelele. Bona, ngokukodwa, yi-IMF, i- Paris Club, i- Private Bank kunye nabanki baninzi bamazwe aphuhlisiwe. Iingcali zeNgxowa-zimali zicebisa ukuba abaphathi abasweleyo bathembisa inzala enkulu yemboleko. Ngoko banokutsala abatshali-mali. Ithemba lokuzuza inzuzo ephezulu liyakhangalisa iinqununu zeentengo zemali. Bahambisa imali ngokukhawuleza ekukhangekeni kotyalo-mali olufutshane. Iindlela zabo zokutyalomali ekuthengweni kweemali ezikhutshwe yilizwe. Ngomjovo wemali eninzi, abatyali-mali bavame ukufumana umphumo omfutshane wexesha elifutshane. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba i-elite yesizwe ikhethe indlela efanelekileyo yokuphuhliswa. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ngokwenza oko, isabelo esibalulekileyo senkunzi ebolekileyo ayifikeleli kwicandelo langempela loqoqosho, kodwa lihlala kwiingxelo zabucala zamagosa karhulumente. Ngokukhawuleza okanye kamva, ixesha lokuhlawula liyaza. Kule meko, urhulumente, njengomthetho, unokuhlawula ngokukhawuleza iimbopheleleko kwiindleko zakhe. Ukwenza iintlawulo ezipheleleyo kufuneka ziphakamise iimali kwiimarike zangaphandle ne zangaphakathi. Kuphela amazwe ambalwa akwaziyo kwiimeko ezinjalo ukuzinzisa okanye ukunciphisa iirejista zabo. Njengomthetho, amatyala angaphandle akhula ngokukhawuleza.

Isigaba sesibini

Ngexesha lokukhula koqoqosho, abatyali-mali babala kwimvelaphi yangempela yokuhlawula iimbopheleleko. Kule meko, ababolekisi banikela ngemboleko emitsha kumazwe. Kodwa ngokubonakaliswa kokuqala kokungazinzi kwezopolitiko okanye kwezoqoqosho, abatyali-mali baya kuba ngaphantsi. Ngelo xesha, umdla kwimali mboleko uyanda. Ngako oko, ityala ngokwalo landa ngokukhawuleza. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, i-default default country is a matter of time.

Uncedo lwezeMali

Utyalo-mali olukhawulezayo lweemali ze-IMF lunokugcina kuphela ixesha elifutshane. Ukongezelela uncedo lwangempela lwemali, iNgxowa-mali iqhuba imali emininzi yemisebenzi, ngelixa i-capital capital ifumana ithuba lokushiya ummandla wengxaki. Ababoleki, abashiye imali yabo ngexesha, baya kuxhamla, nangona ilizwe lingafani. Ziyakwazi ukufumana inzuzo kumdla kwaye ngenxa yokubuyiselwa kwezibophelelo zetyala. Ngenxa yoko, nakweyiphi na imeko, kuza kuza ixesha apho kungekho mtyalo-mali ofuna ukutyalo kwingxaki yemo nakwixabiso eliphezulu kakhulu. Ngokubhekiselele ekungabikho kwemali yokuhlengahlengisa, urhulumente unyanzelekile ukuba achaze ukusilela.

Ukuhlaziywa

Kuqhelekileyo kusetyenziswe endaweni yokwenqaba ukuzalisekisa uxanduva. Olu khetho lusetyenziswa ngamazwe anetyala elikhulu langaphakathi. Enyanisweni, lo mlinganiso ufana nokungafihlelwa kwemali mboleko kwilizwe likazwelonke. Kwezinye iimeko, urhulumente uchaza kokubili ukungabikho kokuhlawula kunye nokuhlawula.

Uvavanyo lokunokwenzeka

Urhulumente, ngokungafani nenkampani yabucala, akanazo iingxelo zemali ezingacatshungulwa. Kwinqanaba likazwelonke, kuyimfuneko ukuvavanya imeko yenkqubo yezoqoqosho. Ingqwalasela ekhethekileyo kufuneka ihlawulwe kumlinganiselo wamatyala kwimali yelizwe langaphandle kunye nelizwe, inani lematyala kwixabiso leentengo zangaphandle. Okubaluleke kakhulu, izibonakaliso ezinjenge-microeconomic njengezinga le-GDP kunye ne-golide yegolide kunye nemali yexabiso, izinga lokunyuka kwamaxabiso. Kwinkqubo yokwenza uhlalutyo olunzulu, ukunyaniseka kolwazi lweenkcukacha kunzima kunokuba kuhlolwe ukunika ingxelo ngabathengi benkampani. Oku kubonakala ngokukodwa ngokuphathelele kumazwe aneenguqu kunye noqoqosho oluphuhlisayo.

Izindlela zokuhlalutya

Zonke iintlobo zokuvavanya kwamathuba okusilela zihlukaniswe zibe ngamaqela amabini:

1. Iingongoma - ezi zinto zivumela ukuba ubale isibonakaliso senjongo esekelwe kwingcaciso yeenkcukacha.
2. Izindlela ezisekelwe kwixabiso lemarike yeebhanki, izabelo okanye iimali ezivela kwiimali zexabiso, apho uhlalutyo olungathathi hlangothi kunye ne-premium yengozi.

Izalathisi zangoku zibalwa ngee-arhente zokulinganisa. Uvavanyo lwengozi lubeka ithuba lokulahlekelwa ngabathengi bangaphandle. Ukuphakanyiswa kwezinga lelizwe, umngcipheko we-default. Olu vavanyo lubaluleke kakhulu kubaboleki bemali xa bekhetha izikhokelo zokutsalwa kwezolimo.

Ukulinganiswa kwemali yokuthumela ngaphandle kwetyala langaphandle

Ukubalwa kwalolu lathisi kuthathwa njengenye yezindlela ezidumileyo zokuhlalutya. Ingakumbi oku kubaluleka, kulula ukuba umboleki uhlawule iimbopheleleko. Kukho uqikelelo oluthile lokubaluleka kwalolu buninzi, kodwa izinga le-20% okanye ngaphezulu lithathwa njengamkelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, iingcali azizibonakalisi olu lathisi njengento efanelekileyo. Ngomqondiso we-20%, urhulumente uya kukwazi ukuzalisekisa yonke imbopheleleko kwiminyaka emi-5, ukuthumela iintlawulo zangaphandle ngaphandle kokubuyiselwa kwemali-mboleko yangaphandle. Kodwa ekubeni kwiimeko ezininzi iingeniso zeenkampani zangasese zithathwa ingqalelo, urhulumente uya kufuneka achithe ngokupheleleyo. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, ukulondolozwa kwezinto zangaphandle kwizinga elifanayo iminyaka emihlanu akunakwenzeka. Kwakhona, urhulumente akayi kukwazi ukuhlawulela ngokupheleleyo intlawulo, njengoko oku kuya kuphulaphula inkqubo yemali kunye nokuthengiswa kwe-export-export.

Bhajethi

Imeko yakhe ibaluleke kakhulu ekuhlalutheni i-solvency yelizwe. Ngokukodwa, umyinge wezinto ezingeniso kwixabiso lemali ithathelwa ingqalelo. Kule meko, kuyimfuneko ukuseka ukuba yiyiphi inxalenye yebhajethi yayo u rhu lumente uya kuba nako ukuhambisa izithuthi kwiinkonzo zenkonzo, ngaphandle kokuncintisa imeko yezoqoqosho nezentlalo. Ekubeni ingeniso yerhafu ingeniso yerhafu ngakumbi, kuyimfuneko ukuvavanya urhulumente wezoqoqosho kunye nethuba lokuphucula ukubikezela imeko. Emva koko, kuyimfuneko ukuhlalutya umahluko phakathi kwexabiso elifunyenweyo kunye nomthamo wemithwalo echithwayo yangempela kwimimiselo yokubonelela ngexesha elithile. Ukuba kukulungele ukuhlawula ityala, urhulumente uya kufuneka enze imali ehlawulwayo.

Kuza kuthinteka njani ukuba i-default ifumaneke kwicandelo lezoqoqosho?

Le ngxaki iya kubachaphazela kakubi uqoqosho. Ngokuphathelele iRashiya, apha, okokuqala, ixabiso le-ruble liya kulahla ngokukhawuleza ngokunxulumene nentengo yezinye iirhafu. Amashishini amaninzi abandakanyekayo ekuthengweni kwemveliso yamanye amazwe kufuneka amise okanye ayeke ukusebenza.

Abaninzi banomdla kwinto e-Ukraine eyoyikisayo. Okwangoku, intsimi yayo inzima kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, ixhaswa yi-EU, kuquka nemali. Impendulo echanileyo kumbuzo, yintoni esongela ukungagqibekanga kwi-Ukraine, iingcali zee-arhente zokulinganisa. Ngokomzekelo, ngokwezibalo zikaMoody, imeko yentlekele ka-2000 yayingeyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu kubalimi-mali. Abahlalutyi baqikelela iingcaphuno ze-Eurobonds, apho kubhengezwa khona ukungabikho komthetho, emva kwenyanga emva kokukhanyela ukuzalisekisa uxanduva. Kwixesha elizayo elisondeleyo, ukungafezeki kweprojekti akulindelwe. Nangona ukungazinzi kwemo yezopolitiko nezoqoqosho, urhulumente uzama ukuzalisekisa uxanduva lwakhe.

Okungazenzisiyo kubemi

Ngokumalunga nokuqaliswa kwezonyango kwiRussia Federation, abaninzi abantu baseRussia bayesabisa, bengayazi ukuba benzeni xa kunzima. Njengoko kuchaziwe ngasentla, ukwenqaba ukunikezelwa kwetyala langaphandle kuya kuchaphazela kakhulu urhulumente we-ruble. Kule nkalo, iingcali zincoma ukuba zilahle imali yesizwe kwaye zithenge into ebalulekileyo (izixhobo zendlu, i-real estate). Konke okuya kuba emva kokungagqibekanga, kuya kubetha kanzima kwibhajethi yabemi. Ngokunciphisa ngokukhawuleza kwinqanaba lokutshintshwa kwe-ruble, amaxabiso empahla yabathengi aya kuphakama. Imivuzo ingahlala kwinqanaba elinye okanye iyancipha. Emva kokungagqibekanga, kukho umngcipheko omkhulu wokulahlekelwa yimali. Ukubona akubalulekanga ngakumbi kwabo abangenazo iimali zabo ezigcinwe kwi-akhawunti ye-ruble. Iinkampani ezathengisa iimpahla kumazwe angaphandle zingabikho phantsi ukuze zichithe abasebenzi. Abantu abane-ruble savings, abahlalutyi bayacetyiswa ukuba batyalomali kwimali ethe xaxa okanye ngegolide. Kunenzuzo ukuthenga i-real estate. Njengoko uqeqesho lubonisa, ngexesha leengxaki, indleko yezindlu iyancitshiswa ubuncinane kabini. Enye yezindlela ezithandwa kakhulu ukugcina imali yakho isasetyala imali yangaphandle (idola okanye i-euro). Ukuba kukho ingozi yolu bunzima, urhulumente kufuneka athathe amanyathelo athathekayo wokuzinzisa inkqubo yezoqoqosho nezentlalo.