Uqoqosho lwezoqoqosho kunye noqoqosho olucwangcisiweyo: iimpawu eziphambili kunye nokwahlukana

Uqoqosho lweemarike kunye noqoqosho olucwangcisiweyo, njengommiselo, bahluke. Le mizekelo inemiba engundoqo. Makhe siwaqwalasele ngokubanzi.

Ulwazi jikelele

Uqoqosho lwezorhwebo kunye noqoqosho olucwangcisiweyo luphambili ngokuchasene nomgaqo wezopolitiko. Ingxelo yokugqibela, ngokukodwa, idibaniswa ne-capitalism. Oku kudla ngokubhekiselele ekuphuhlisweni kwentetho yesiseko sezoqoqosho. Uqoqosho lwezocwangciso olucwangcisiweyo ludibene nentlalo yoluntu. Ngokwenza njalo, banokucinga ngengingqi ethile yezoqoqosho ngexesha leSoviet. Ngomnye umgca, uqoqosho lwezorhwebo kunye noqoqosho olucwangcisiweyo luboniswa ngendlela yokuhlanganiswa kwabasebenzi. Iyokuqala ibhekisela ekutshintshiseni enye, kwaye kwesekondari - indlela yobuchwepheshe.

Umgaqo wezopolitiko

Inani leengcali zikholelwa ukuba uqoqosho lwezorhwebo kunye noqoqosho olucwangcisiweyo alunakuqhotyosheliswa kwindlela ethile yoorhulumente. Esi sikhundla siqinisekiswa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo. Iingcali zibonisa ukuba uqoqosho lweemarike namhlanje alulwanga nje kuphela, kodwa, ngokuchaseneyo, lusebenzisa ngokucwangcisiweyo ukucwangcisa. Ingakumbi, isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinkampani ezinkulu. Ukongezelela, i-capitalist, kodwa iinkqubo zoqoqosho ezicwangciswe ngokupheleleyo ziyaziwa kwimbali. Le meko, umzekelo, yenzeka eJamani ngexesha leMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini. Eli lizwe kwakukho isicwangciso esiqinileyo sokuveliswa kweemveliso zokhuselo ngexesha elithile kwizinga likaRhulumente. Ukongeza, ukusebenzisana kwamashishini athile achazwe ngokucacileyo.

Ukuchaneka kokuhlanganiswa kwabasebenzi

Ukusebenza kunye nokwahlukana kusetyenziswa kwindawo yomsebenzi ukwenzela ukwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso. Zihlawulelwa ngokuhlanganiswa kwabasebenzi. Kananjalo, kuphunyezwe ngokusetyenziswa kweeteknoloji, okanye ngokutshintshisiswa kwexabiso kwixabiso. Inketho yokuqala ingasetyenziswa kuphela kwimisebenzi yemveliso. Akunakutsholwa ukuba isebenza njengesiseko soqoqosho olucwangcisiweyo. Kubangelwa kukuba yena ngokwakhe uvelisa imisebenzi yokuvelisa ngokuhambelana nokuhlalutya komsebenzi wezoqoqosho kunye noluntu loluntu. Oku, kufuneke ukuba kusetshenziswe iiparitha zemarike. Kwakhona akunakwenzeka ukubiza indlela yokudibanisa ngokutshintshiselana nokwahlula okwesibini kwisakhiwo soqoqosho. Ngokuqinisekileyo, ihlala kwindawo ephambili, kodwa ngexesha elifanayo kwezoqoqosho zentengiso kusetshenziswe iteknoloji yezobuchwepheshe. Ngokomzekelo, oku kuyimeko kumveliso wokuthutha.

Uluhlu oluphambili

Impendulo engebiyo iyinto ebonakalayo kwinkqubo yoqoqosho . Oku kuthetha ukuba ukungavumelani okubangelwayo phakathi kweenkcukacha zokubonelela kunye nesakhiwo sokwamkelwa kwemfuno kuya kuncitshiswa. Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba ngumgaqo. Umehluko oluphambili phakathi kwezakhiwo eziphantsi kokuqwalaselwa ngumgca othile kunye nendlela yokunciphisa ukungafani. Isiseko soqoqosho olucwangcisiweyo luphambili, ukunyanzeliswa kunye nokulawula. Yenziwa ngemveliso. Kwimodeli yeemarike, umgaqo wokuzimela ukhululekile. Kuzaliswa ngamaxabiso.

Iimpawu zoqoqosho lwemarike

Ulwakhiwo loqoqosho lubandakanya amaziko karhulumente olawulo, amashishini, uluntu. Zonke ezi zifundo zisebenzisana kunye ngqo kunye neempendulo. Ngokweengcamango, iindawo ezimbini eziphambili zeenkqubo zoqoqosho zivunyelwe. Umntu wokuqala uthatha ukungabikho ngokupheleleyo kolawulo lwamazwe ngamashishini. Iifesi kule meko zizimeleyo kwaye zizimeleyo. Benza ngokukhululekile imisebenzi yabo, benze imisebenzi yokutshintshiselana. Oku kuyimpawu eziqhelekileyo zoqoqosho lwemarike. Naliphina impembelelo kulo lingabangela utshintsho. Nangona kunjalo, kuya kuba nakho ukulungelelanisa, ekubeni inomgama othile wokuzinza. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ingxaki yokudlulelwa ngokweqile ayihambelani nayo. Ithathwa ngabaorhulumente njengemveliso yenkqubo yongxowa-mali, kwaye kungekhona ukusebenza kweemarike. Ngaphakathi kwamashishini, indlela ephezulu yokusebenzisana kwabasebenzi isetyenziswa, phakathi kweenkampani - utshintshiselwano.

Ukuchaneka komgaqo

Imodeli yeemakethe ayifuni i-arhente karhulumente. Unakho ukukwazi ukuzilawula. Iqulethwe kukuba iinzame zabavelisi zokutshintsha iindleko zemveliso ezihambelana nokulingana zichaphazela imfuno. Utshintsho lwayo lujoliswe ekugcineni ibhalansi yemali. Ekubeni i-mechanism ye-self-regulation isebenza, i-monopolists ayikwazi ukunyusa ixabiso lempahla. Ixabiso layo lokukhawulela liya kuncitshiswa ngokuncipha kweemfuno.

Izinzuzo

Uqoqosho lweemarike lugxininise ngokukodwa ekusebenziseni utshintsho oluninzi. Ngamanye amazwi, imodeli ayisombululi iingxaki zoluntu kunye nezinye iingxaki. Xa kuphunyeziwe, indlela yokucwangcisa inkqubo ingabandakanywa, oko akuthi, akuyiyo yonke into kunye nemiphumo ethathwa ingqalelo. I-akhawunti, ngokukodwa, inzuzo kuphela. Ummiselo ngaphakathi kwenkqubo ngexesha elifutshane lwenziwa ngenguqu yenguqu. Njengoko uncedo oluphambili lomzekelo, isantya sawo. Oku kubangelwa ukuba umthetho wexabiso awubandakanyi ukuveliswa kwe-inertia. Umxholo ovelisa umkhiqizo uphendula ngokufuna ngokuzenzekelayo, ngokukhawuleza ngokubaluleka kunye nokunciphisa ukutyhutyha kwamashishini kumashishini anenzuzo kakhulu.

Ucwangciso noqoqosho lolawulo

Le yimeko yesibini ephezulu yenkqubo yoqoqosho. Enye yegama layo ngulawulo-umyalelo. Umgaqo wenziwa ngamagunya karhulumente avela kwiziko. Ngexesha elifanayo, ngaphakathi kwimiba yezoqoqosho, impendulo phakathi kwezifundo ingenamandla. Amashishini athola imiyalelo evela kwiziko. Ifumana iimpawu ezisuka kubemi kunye nabavelisi. Enyanisweni, imodeli yolawulo-yolawulo inokusebenza ngokungabikho kwecandelo kumashishini. Oku kuchazwa ngento yokuba zonke izigqibo zenziwa kwiziko kwaye ziyancitshiswa. Lo mzekelo uyasebenza. Nangona kunjalo, iimeko zoqoqosho olucwangcisiweyo zifuna isakhiwo sokusebenza kunye nesilungiselelo esipheleleyo sezinto eziphambili, ukufumaneka kweendlela ezikhawulezayo kunye nezithembekileyo zokubonelela ngengxelo.

Iinjongo

Inkqubo yezoqoqosho ihlelwe. Ngoko ke, kuthatha ithuba lokubeka kunye nokuphunyezwa kwemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo. Nangona kunjalo, azinqunywanga kuphela kwezoqoqosho. Imisebenzi enokuthi ixazululwe ngoncedo lwale modeli ixhalabisa ukusingqongileyo, ukukhusela, intlalo kunye nezinye iindawo. Ziye zaphuhliswa ngamaqumrhu karhulumente afanayo. Ngexesha elifanayo, uhlalutyo oluchanekileyo lwarhulumente uluntu luqhutyelwa, iimpawu ezifunyenwe kubemi, indleko kunye nokuhlolwa kweteknoloji yeeprojekthi eziye zithathwa ingqalelo. Ngokusebenza ngokuqhelekileyo komzekelo, ukulungelelaniswa kweemfuno kunye neenkcukacha zokubonelela akubonakali ngamanani, kodwa ngokulungiswa kwemveliso. Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iimeko, indlela yokuthengisa iyakwenziwa kwakhona. Ngokomzekelo, umgaqo-mali usetyenziswa ukukhusela ukungabikho kwemveliso.

Urhulumente ophakathi

Eli ligama lokutshintshwa koqoqosho olucwangcisiweyo ukuya kuqoqosho lwemarike. Le meko ihluke kukuba kwisakhiwo solawulo kukho impawu zombini. Ngaloo nto, kwimeko yenguqu, bonke ubudlelwane kwicandelo loqoqosho luya guqulwa, kwaye kungekhona kuphela izinto ezizimeleyo. Abaphandi abaninzi belizwe lasemzini nabaseRashiya bahlula impawu elandelayo yesigaba esiphakathi:

1. Okuphambili kokuhluka ngokuqhubekayo.
2. Ukuqinisa uphuhliso olungalinganiyo lwezoqoqosho, lubonakaliswe kwimiba.
3. Ukukhula kobuchule, ukungahambi kakuhle, nokuyeka.
4. Ukwandisa uphuhliso olusakhulayo nolunye uqoqosho.
5. Ukwanda kwenani lezinto eziphikisanayo, ukunyuka kwengxabano kunye nolwaphulo-mthetho kuluntu ngokubhekiselele kwimfuno.
6. Ukuvela kunye nokusebenza kweefom zezithuba ezizodwa.
7. Ubume belizwe eliphakathi.
8. Ukuchaneka kokuchasene.

Ngaphambi kokuba wonke umntu owayengumbutho wezenhlalakahle uthi, kwakukho umsebenzi omnye: ukuhamba kwindlela ehleliweyo yolawulo kwihlobo lokuthengisa. Kwagqitywa ngoorhulumente ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Okwangoku, kuwo onke amazwe, isigaba sokutshintsha sasineendlela eziqhelekileyo.

Ukukhululeka kwesakhiwo

Kubandakanywa ukuqaliswa kwesicwangciso semilinganiselo ejoliswe ekunciphiseni okanye ekupheliseni izithintelo kunye nokuthintela. Ukukhululwa ngokukhululekile kunika inkxaso yokususwa kolawulo lwamazwe kuzo zonke iindawo zolawulo. Abaphengululi bachonga inani leenkalo eziphambili zalo msebenzi. Okokuqala, ukukhululeka kwamaxabiso. Kubandakanywa ukususwa kolawulo lwangaphakathi kwinkqubo yokwenza ixabiso lemveliso. Ngelo xesha, kukho utshintsho kwixabiso ngokuhambelana nezikhombisi zokubonelela kunye nezidingo. Ngaphezulu, ukukhululeka kwemisebenzi yobomi kwezoqoqosho kwenziwa. Ukuzimela kombuso kwimisebenzi yezoqoqosho kupheliswe, kwaye amathuba okushishino anikwa. Utshintsho luqala kumashishini angaphandle. Kwakhona kususa ulawulo lwamagunya kwiintsebenziswano zoqoqosho kunye namaqabane angaphandle, kuvulwa indlela eya kwiimarike zehlabathi zabavelisi basekhaya.

Utshintsho lwezakhiwo nezakhiwo

Kwisakhelo senguqulelo, umzekelo omtsha wezoqoqosho usenziwa. Ngexesha elifanayo, ukungafani kwamacandelo kunye namacandelo asele asele kwisakhiwo esingaphambili kungaqedwa okanye kuncitshiswe. Okokuqala, inkqubo yepropathi iyashintsha. Ukuguqulwa kwamanyathelo kufakazela ukubunjwa kweemeko zokusebenza kolawulo olutsha lwezoqoqosho. Oku kufezekiswa ngokutshintsha amaziko omthetho, ukudala izibonelelo ezifanelekileyo, ukuchonga izinga lokuthatha inxaxheba koluntu kumgaqo.