Le yobudala yomhlala kumazwe ahlukeneyo (jonga itheyibhile). Pensions kumazwe ahlukeneyo: uthelekiso

Le yobudala yomhlala kumazwe ahlukeneyo abe ezahlukeneyo. Kwakhona, chaza nganye ukufikelela yayo abucala imithetho baphumle kakuhle yayibafanele. Musa ukulibala ukuba imali ehlawulwa umntu obekwa yimigaqo ezahlukeneyo. Ilizwe ngalinye lineCandelo imithetho yayo ngalo mbandela. Yintoni eyenza iinkqubo zepenshini kwihlabathi mali accrual Russian ebudaleni bakhe? Yintoni iimpawu ukuba uziqaphele? Sesikolweni xa engakanani ngobudala waya eholideyini kwindawo yalendawo? Impendulo kunzima kakhulu, ngenxa yokuba qho ngonyaka kwihlabathi ngokunxulumene umhlala utshintsho ezahlukeneyo. Fumana kwi omalunga ubuncinane iimpendulo malunga kungakanani na yobudala avareji umhlala kumazwe ahlukeneyo, i table iya kunceda. Apho abadala ukunika olona xhaso?

iinkqubo ezintathu

Okwangoku ehlabathini kukho iinkqubo nje ezimbalwa ezikuvumela ukuba ukujonga ubungakanani iintlawulo umhlala wabeka ngaphandle naziphi na iingxaki. Zonke ezo izinto 3 uye awohluke yayo kunye ngomahluko kwinkqubo nganye. Kufuneka uthathe ngokuyimfuneko ingqalelo.

Le yobudala yomhlala kumazwe ahlukeneyo, kwaye ubukhulu ayo asoloko ezahlukeneyo. Kodwa mali ngokubanzi ukuze kuhlawuliswa yi ezi ndlela zilandelayo:

• Ngabanye-ngemali inkqubo;
• isixokelelwano sabasasazi esekelwe kwi irhafu (umhlalaphantsi);
• ukwabiwa ngenxa lungeniselo irhafu.

Kodwa yobudala apho ukuba libuye umva njengoko umthetho lohlukile. Kuxhomekeka ngemeko kwilizwe elithile, kwakunye ubude avareji ubomi babantu.

Amadoda nabafazi

Kuwo wonke lo umhlala kumazwe ahlukeneyo wonke umhlaba ukuze kwamadoda nabasetyhini ezahlukeneyo. Njengoko yokusebenza ibonisa, amazwe apho i "ubuthathaka" isiqingatha sabantu, "namandla" ukufikelela amathuba ngokungenisa ezinye hola kakuhle ngexesha elinye, elincinane kakhulu.

Konke oku edibene into yokuba amabhinqa a priori kuthathwa ukuba ibe buthathaka kwaye ngaphantsi singapheli. Kwaye oku nangona kwisiqingatha omhle eluntwini uhlala ixesha elide kwi-avareji kunamadoda. Plus amava emsebenzini iquka abaninzi ixesha nononophelo lweentsana.

Amadoda phantse lonke banelungelo babephumle kumsebenzi kamva. Bona ingqalelo ekuxhonyekekwe eziphambili imali bomelele yaye enamandla. Kodwa kwangaxeshanye, amanani abonisa ukuba ngokufuthi kwisiqingatha eyindoda zoluntu umntu ekulindeleke ukuba ubomi asezantsi.

ezenzekayo ngoku

karhulumente ngamnye izama ukugcina inkqubo yepenshini karhulumente ngokuthe ngcembe. Kodwa ekuhambeni kwexesha lethu ukwenza oku kuyingxaki kakhulu. Kwiminyaka 2015-2016 yobudala yomhlala phantsi kumazwe awahlukeneyo ehlabathini lonke laqala ukwenyuka. Okanye kumazwe baqala ukuxoxa ngokukuko olu tshintsho. Le ntlekele jikelele uzenza waziva - ukusebenza, ngaphandle umhlala, phantse akukho mntu. Iimali ezikhoyo ebuncwaneni kwilizwe ngalinye, akwanelanga ukuba zonke iindleko. Ngako oko, ngenxa wemvula yayo ukunyanzela abantu ukuba basebenze elide.

Ngoko umhlala kumazwe ahlukeneyo (table iya kunikwa) - vacillates. data Personal ngokukhethekileyo kucetyiswa ukuba ukufunda rhoqo. Mhlawumbi, kule okanye loo meko yenzeka kuhlaziyo lomhlala!

Kwakhona, kwamanye amazwe, bathi, hayi kuphela malunga nokwandisa umhlala-phantsi, kodwa-hlengiso amazinga phakathi kwamadoda nabafazi. Enoba kwenzeka ntoni na, ngoku utshintsho ngokukhawuleza akayi kuba naphi na - ukufuduka kuya kukhokelela imvukelo jikelele. Abemi ayikho ukulungele ukulibala kakhulu iholide yalo esemthethweni. Ngoko ke, kuyo phantse onke amazwe baqala kancinci kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo ukukhulisa umhlala-phantsi. Ukuze umonakalo ubuncinane namanani oluntu.

iinkqubo ikakhulu Pension

Kwangaxeshanye, asimele silibale malunga nokusekwa imali yomhlala phantsi. Kuye kuthiwe amazwe asebenzise imigaqo ezahlukeneyo ezibiza imali "ngenxa yokwaluphala." Eyona ndlela ithandwa - indibaniselwano iintlobo ezininzi. Ziziphi iimpawu kunye nemigaqo pension igcwele nganye iinkqubo pension ezikhoyo 3?

Ngabanye-ngemali - oku xa ngummi isebenza, inxalenye imivuzo yabo ihlawulwe kwingxowa-mali yomhlala-phantsi. Mhlawumbi yenza ukuba ibe ngumqeshi owayamileyo. Ngaphezu koko, ezi mali ziya eqalisiweyo yomhlalaphantsi.

Distribution nge isiseko irhafu yomhlala - ngoku abasebenzi akwawusindisa imali yabo. Baya zokuguqula inxalenye yemali yentlawulo pension umhlalaphansi yangoku. Ngokufanelekileyo, "imali yomhlala" bakhe abaqeshwa ezinjalo ziya kwamkela oko kusenziwa ngokudlela indlala abantu abasebenza emva umhlala-phantsi.

Distribution esekelwe irhafu jikelele - imali ihlawulwa kwi-mali ezafumana isiseko werhafu.

uthembisa amazwe

Le yobudala yomhlala kumazwe ahlukeneyo ezahlukahlukeneyo wabeka. Kwafa abantu oko kukuthi, kwindawo ethile ngaphantsi. Ziziphi izithembiso banike ezinye States ngokuphathelele kulo mba? Phakathi izicelo eziphambili zezi:

1. Ukraine, leyo uthembisa ukukhulisa umhlala-phantsi amabhinqa ukuya kwiminyaka engama-60. Olu tshintsho kufuneka kwenzeke ngo 2021.
2. Kazakhstan ufuna ngo-2018 ukuya nokulinganisa umhlala-phantsi ngenxa amadoda kunye nabasetyhini. Ngoku uceba ukwenza iminyaka engama-63.
3. In iBritani Poland wayefanelwe abanye ziza kubekwa kwiminyaka eyi-67 kuphela ubudala.
4. EUnited States izicwangciso ukukhulisa kakhulu umhlala-phantsi - ukusuka kwiminyaka engama-65 ukuya 69.
5. France yiyo ezakuzisa ithuba umhlala-phantsi ukuya kwinqanaba engama 62.

Le utshintsho olukhulu, abafuna ukuzisa ebomini ehlabathini. Enyanisweni, iingcali zithi, lo gama nje kungekho inkqubo pension Ogqibeleleyo yobudala ngokupheleleyo umhlala-phantsi.

Umsebenzi mde

Yintoni umhlala ehlabathini jikelele kunokwenzeka na? Ngubani isebenza kakhulu? Ukuze ube ngakumbi ngqo, ngaphezu nayiphi na enye? Eyona nto kukuba wena musa ukuba ingqalelo izicwangciso lizwe likaThixo lokuvusa umhlala-phantsi, xa lo mzuzu emva kokuba bonke abanye eyenza ikufanele balindelwe ngabahlali Albania.

Apha, amadoda umhlala-phantsi kwiminyaka 69,5 kunye nabasetyhini - 64,5. Kwakhona ukusebenza ixesha elide ngaphezu nayiphi na abemi babe eDenmark. Kukho umda wonke zokufaka abanye kakuhle yayibafanele. Omabini la madoda nabafazi abahlala eDenmark, yiya ku 'ukuphumla' kwiminyaka 67.

Olu luhlu kufuneka iquke Germany. Le yobudala yomhlala kumazwe awahlukeneyo zidla ahlukeneyo iinkunzi kunye nesiqingatha nemazi yoluntu. Kodwa baseJamani imithetho, ezifana e Denmark - wonke umntu uyalingana kumbandela ngokungenisa abanye kakuhle yayibafanele. Ukongeza, ukuba uvumelekile ukuba enze oko kuphela emva 67.

ngezantsi yonke

Ngubani na ehlabathini abasebenza mncinane? Kubonakala ukuba inkqubo ye pension uhlala ubunzima utshintsho kwimeko nganye. Kodwa ngexesha elifanayo kwindawo ethile ubudala nghena babephumle kumsebenzi yeyona iphantsi.

Phakathi kwezi mazwe okwangoku e Belarus. Kuyo, madoda ipenshoni ngesixa-60, kunye nabafazi - engama-55. Apha zibekwe eRashiya naseUkraine. ETurkey, amadoda ukuya eholideyini, kanye njengoko amazwe zikhankanywe ngaphambili, kodwa ke abafazi kufuneka asebenze ukuya kutsho kwiminyaka 56. E France, bonke bafumana imali yomhlala phantsi nge 60.

La mazwe - ke iinkokheli nanto ukuba bangene ekuphumleni eyenza ikufanele. Kuphela oko akuthethi ukuba umgangatho wokuphila abadla umhlala-phantsi abo bangakwaziyo ukusebenza ngaphambili; kuba ngcono okanye abambeke. Konke kuxhomekeke imithetho esebenza ngayo imali yomhlala phantsi.

Inkokheli kumhlalaphantsi

Ngoku sikhululwe yobudala yomhlala phantsi kumazwe ahlukeneyo (table iya kunikwa kamva). Kodwa oku kuyichaphazela ngandlela ivela? Eneneni, hayi ngokwenene. Ngokusisiseko, konke oko kuxhomekeke ntle eli lizwe. Onke amanqanaba ahlukeneyo pension. Abaninzi ukuzama ukonga imali ngenxa yokwaluphala, ukuba baxhomekeke kurhulumente.

Ngoku iinzuzo zomhlala kakhulu eliphezulu ezifunyenwe ngabemi eFransi. Ukuba iguqulelwe engange pension, kulo mntu karhulumente ukubeka 42-43 amawaka engange. Ukongeza kuyenzeka ukubandakanya kuluhlu lwe the bamphetheyo ezininzi "abazizityebi" iJamani - 32-33 amawaka. EJapan, xa engange ipenshini bafumana i-avareji 27 500 eUnited States kancinane ngaphantsi - 24-25 amawaka.

I Pension liphantsi

Le yobudala yomhlala kumazwe ahlukeneyo (jonga itheyibhile imiboniso), njengoko sele zinokubonakala akukho nomthelela obonakalayo iintlawulo. Zeziphi amazwe inkxaso mncinane abantu wayekhe wadlana eholideyini?

Okwangoku, i imihlala usezantsi ziyafumaneka China. Apha lo mntu uya malunga 9500 engange nyanga nganye. E Latvia - 9 300. Kwakhona phakathi kwamazwe kufuneka imali ubuncinane ikhutshelwa abemi balo ngohlobo ipension, kuquka naseRashiya. Ngokutsho kweminye imithombo umntu avareji abafumana 8-9 lamawaka engange ngenyanga. Ayizizo zonke ezi ntlawulo ephantsi, kodwa amazinga kusekho kwinqanaba elisezantsi.

Iimpawu inkqubo yomhlalaphantsi kwe-Russian Federation

Umhlala ehlabathini lonke, njengoko waba ecacileyo, esoloko itshintsha. Kwaye abaninzi bafuna ukuba kakhulu ngcono kutshanje. ingqalelo eyodwa ifuna inkqubo pension ye-Russian Federation. badla unesifo ezinye ezintsha. Ngoko ke, abantu akakwazi ukuba baziphathe njani. Inkoliso musa nethemba urhulumente kwaye azame elinye imali yabo yomhlala-phantsi yabo.

Eyona nto kukuba i-Russian Federation isandula point system ranking ukubala pension nokwenza. Ukuze ufumane i endala-ubudala imali kufuneka ukuba babe namava omsebenzi engama-7 kwaye kuthiwa-30 amanqaku yomhlalaphantsi. Kuxhomekeke ukuba zingaphi ezi "amanqaku" efanayo ngenxa yokuba ngummi, iya kuyilwa pension.

Kwakhona, ubudala nghena babephumle kumsebenzi eRashiya ufuna ukuphucula, kwaye kakhulu. Bahlele qho kwiinyanga ezi-6 iinyanga ezintandathu ukwandisa kumda ekhoyo. Kwaye ukuba umhlala-phantsi amabhinqa ukuba iminyaka engama-60, kunye namadoda - ukuya kwi 63. Ukuphumeza lo mbono ofuna iminyaka 2020-2021. Abaninzi wavakalisa elibi utshintsho data. Ngapha koko, ezinye umhlalaphansi ukuqwalasela umlinganiselo wokuphila kweli lizwe kwaye ayiyi kukubona imali yabo. Okanye baya kufumana kubo elide kakhulu. Kungenxa yoko le nto Russia unikezele kancane umhlala-phantsi.

Kwakhona ku Russia inkqubo yomhlalaphantsi numbers ukubunjwa. Ngowe-2017, intlawulo eqhubekekayo i "beqinile" de 2019. Le ndlela yokulinganisa onyanzelwayo - ukuba niphume kule ntlekele.

itheyibhile

Ngoku icacile indlela uzibeke umhlala kumazwe awahlukeneyo. Le theyibhile ingezantsi ibonisa ngokucacileyo umahluko phakathi kwamazwe ezithile.

Olu ludwe Malivelise ngokungenammiselo. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba yobudala yomhlala phantsi siceba ukuba ukukhulisa. Akukho mntu waziyo kakuhle wobeka phi yena uya kuba kwiminyaka embalwa kwezinye iindawo. Le yobudala yomhlala kumazwe ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi - vacillates. Ufuna lonke ixesha iliso utshintsho kuza ukusebenza.