Inkqubo pension ye-Russian Federation: imbali ukubunjwa

uyaqhubeka inkqubo yomhlalaphantsi Russian oluphuculweyo, kungakhathaliseki ukuba inkqubo yezopolitiko kweli lizwe. Ulwazi lokuqala kumhlalaphantsi kubemi eRashiya kuba phakathi kwenkulungwane ye-17 xa kwalimala amajoni abanyulwe iintlawulo basis of nature zonyango. Ngokuqina ukonzakala, kokukhona inzuzo yomhlalaphantsi.

Ebudeni bolawulo uPetros unonophelo ababuleweyo kunye ethile iye yomelezwa kukuba bazama amalungiselelo ukuze bafumana ubomi babo. Izenzo ixesha ngokunyanzela ithi ukunceda abantu abakhubazekileyo-mali karhulumente. Inkqubo pension eRashiya ngelo xesha isicelo kuphela kubakhonzi emkhosini nembambano. Kamva, uCatherine II abelwe imivuzo umhlalaphansi yenkonzo yoluntu-mali karhulumente. Kuphela kwisiqingatha sesibini kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba, oosomashishini zabucala bakwazi ukuxhasa ipension abemi kweli lizwe.

It wangena force umthetho ufuna nabanini iziporo, ezizezabo buqu, ukwenza imali, nto leyo banikwa intlawulo yokugula kunye nokugxothwa emsebenzini ngenxa yokukhubazeka. Imali okukhona-ofisi kwibhokisi ngeendleko notsalo kwimivuzo yabasebenzi kwi-akhawunti zabo. Emva kokufumana yesifo okanye ukonzakala zomsebenzi, umqeshwa ufumana iinzuzo emfono kwi-akhawunti yakhe. Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba le-inshorensi, ekubeni kokuba kutsalwe bakhe amaholo inshorensi xa nokukhubazeka.

Emva revolution ka-1917 , kwiminyaka 10 kwinkqubo pension eRashiya utshintshile: zikhutshwe imimiselo kunye nemigaqo kwi supplementary emkhosini pension, ukuba yokuhlawula ipension ukuba abasebenzi kunye nootitshala amandla abasebenzi, kuba ipenshoni omkhulu iidolophu ootitshala kunye needolophana. Iinzuzo zixhomekeke nje kuphela neholo, kodwa ebukhulwini zabasebenzi, ngexabiso abasebenzi ukwakheka usapho umhlala phantsi.

Ngelo xesha, xa eko kwenkqubo pension yajika kwinkqubo yokhuseleko loluntu. Oko kuxhomekeke kumgaqo kulandelayo: le mali karhulumente ngokubanzi, nto leyo wasekwa ngenxa kutsalwe irhafu yamashishini, imali zaye zabelwa zonke iimfuno karhulumente, kuquka kumhlalaphantsi. Le nkqubo pension RF wabakho ngaphambi yiSoviet Union iwa, kodwa 1991, xa iindlela zorhwebo ulawulo lwezoqoqosho, baphulukana amalungelo abo kunye namathuba.

De 2000, eli lizwe waya ukuhla ukuchuma, amaxabiso aphezulu kakhulu kwiimveliso ezibalulekileyo ebomini-inkxaso. kwedatha yeenkcukacha-manani, kwafunyaniswa ukuba 2010-2015, inani umhlala luya kugqithisela inani labantu abatsha abaqala izifundo zabo. Oku kunokubangela yokunqongophala kwemali kweli lizwe ukuze kuhlawulwe inzuzo efanelekileyo. Ngoko ke, inkqubo pension ye-Russian Federation wabiza zokuba kuhlaziywe, zokwazisela ulwabiwo. Kwagqitywa malunga nokuphunyezwa wohlaziyo pension ukuze kwandiswe ipension. Kwakubalulekile ukuba ukudala umfuziselo ukuba wonke ummi wayeqinisekile ukuba umvuzo wakhe mihla usisiqinisekiso yomhlala yayo elizayo ukuba ukwanda iminikelo kwingxowa-mali yomhlalaphantsi ukhula kunye neenzuzo umhlalaphansi elizayo.

Ukuhlaziywa pension, nto leyo ethe ukusebenza ukususela ngo-2002, kukho isiseko izintlu ezintathu-: inshorensi imbopheleleko yenu abemi, inkxaso karhulumente kuzo zonke iindidi umhlala kunye zongezelelweyo zenkxaso non-government. Ukuze ufumane inkcazelo malunga nale modeli twa phakathi ngabemi Russian ngubani na ixesha elide phambi kokuba umhlalaphantsi ukuqalisa ukwakha ubungakanani bayo, ukuba ngoko bezifumana iintlawulo kwemali qho ngenyanga ngokuhambelana neemfuno zabo.