Kushishino Coal - iingxaki namathemba

Ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu kuqoqosho lwehlabathi namafutha kwakunye namandla alo ezintsonkothileyo. Isabelo lweemveliso amandla kwi-GDP kwihlabathi ubuncinane 10%. Izinga lokusebenzisa okwandayo ngonyaka ngamnye, ngokomlinganiselo nokukhula kwengeniso zehlabathi. A umthombo enkulu amandla kweli xesha lethu gesi, oyile, amalahle, i-oyile shale neyuranium. Oyile negesi kodwa kudlala indima enkulu, kodwa koovimba babo kancane, kwaye ethile phakathi kwale nkulungwane iya badiniwe. Kwangaxeshanye, amalahle ziya kuhlala eminye iminyaka 200, nkqu nemveliso kakhulu kakhulu.

Ngoko ke, lo shishino amalahle ehlabathini liya lisiba zithandwa ngakumbi. Ke kaloku, malunga ne-44% ombane lukhutshwe izityalo thermal ngamandla usebenzisa amalahle. Kwakhona, oko buyafuneka yokunyibilikisa isinyithi kwanokunyibilikisa zesinyithi ayoni. Uninzi iidiphozithi amalahle ukuba ummandla ucukene kumbindi Asia-Pacific, Intshona Melika kunye namazwe ico. Umzekelo, China inamacandelo ezisithoba amalahle, ne-Russia - wesithandathu. Ku Kazakhstan, yagxila 3.6% iyonke oovimba zehlabathi.

Ukukhokela angaphandle amalahle amazwe afana ne-USA, Australia, South Africa, Venezuela kunye Colombia. Kwakhona, ezi ziquka i-Canada, Indonesia, Poland, China naseRashiya. Ishishini amalahle kula mazwe zinika kokufunwa emalahleni 90%. Kwaye ke abathenga iphambili yale mveliso amanye amazwe aseAsia, afana Japan, Taiwan noMzantsi Korea, kwakunye uninzi lwamazwe of Western Europe.

kushishino amalahle Russian - yi 193,3 billion iitoni amalahle aqinisekisiweyo. Kule nani, iidipozithi of anthracite, lignite, amalahle kunye namalahle coking. Okwangoku, amalahle geni 16 nezitya zamalahle, bagqubuthele amaqumrhu 85 yoomasipala Russian Federation. Kulo mzekelo, oomasipala 58 emasimini zamalahle-yokombiwa yonke into eyenziwe yajikeleza amashishini namalahle.

Ngoku ishishini amalahle kwe-Russian Federation - ke imigodi ngaloo nyaka unika kumphezulu malunga 383 million iitoni amalahle 85. Umzekelo, million 336 iitoni amalahle yaveliswa ngo-2011 kwezi kwimigodi, leyo yeyona iphezulu ukususela ekuweni USSR. Isitya inkulu yamalahle-imigodi ngokwangoku isitya Kuznetsk. Kodwa ke, ngaphandle Kuzbass, kukho iidipozithi ezininzi ethembisa eRashiya. Kuhlukumeza eMpuma Ekude, Eastern eSiberia kunye Kansk-Achinsk isitya. Uphuhliso kwezi nkalo kuza kwandisa imveliso yamalahle Russian.

Kodwa kwangaxeshanye, ishishini amalahle kuyingxaki shishino. Iingxaki eziphambili ziquka yokulimala emsebenzini. Oku kungenxa yokuba amanye amazwe bachitha imali encinane ukuxhasa le mveliso. Ngenxa yoko, kukho ukunqongophala imali ukhuseleko zabasebenzi, yaye oku kukhokhelela ekufuneni zokonzakala ukufa mgodini. "INkokeli" kulo mongo amazwe afana ne-Russia, China. Xa kwimigodi kula mazwe ziyafa zonke nyaka yaye amawaka abantu.

Nokuba ngexesha amalahle lezemigodi kunye nokusebenza ukuba umonakalo omkhulu kwimvelo. It is ezihambisana ikakhulu ne ukukhutshwa rhoqo methane equlethwe kwimigodi, umoya ojikeleze umhlaba. Kwakhona processing of amalahle ayikho nokusingqongileyo inkqubo lobuhlobo. Umzekelo, ekulungiseleleni amalahle coke itshiswa ukuya kwiqondo elithile. Ngenxa yoko, ikhala icarbon dioxide kunye nezinye iikhompawundi eziyingozi, kwaye kukuninzi. Zonke ezi ezingcolisa negalelo greenhouse effect kulo.

Kodwa ke, nangona iimpawu kushishino amalahle i ligubungela ezininzi iingxaki, ushishino ehlabathini namhlanje enye yezinto ezibalulekileyo. Amalahle ngoku enye mithombo iphambili amandla, njengoko oovimba bayo baya kwanela iminyaka emininzi. Ukongeza, ixabiso kuba oluzinzileyo asezantsi kakhulu kunamaxabiso ababambeleyo yayo ngqo. Umzekelo, ukusetyenziswa oil amafutha kwi izityalo amandla thermal zibiza 1.5 kuyabiza ngaphezu ukusetyenziswa namalahle. Ukuba kwixa elizayo akayi lubekhona imithombo ezintsha yamandla, ngo-2030 amalahle iya kuba mthombo uphambili wamandla.