Carbon dioxide. Properties, imveliso, isicelo

Carbon dioxide - into leyo eye a nobuninzi lwezihloko: carbon monoxide (IV), icarbon dioxide okanye carbon dioxide. Njengoko nayo ngokuba carbon acetic. Yena ngokupheleleyo igesi ezingenambala oko kukuthi, esha kunye ubumuncu. Carbon dioxide yesimathane inzima kunezo umoya kwaye ayiqondakali enyibilikayo emanzini. Kwiqondo lobushushu ngezantsi - 78 ° C acacisa kwaye iba efana ikhephu.

Ukusuka urhulumente sukube singena into eqinileyo, kuba awukwazi khona ukwimeko elulwelo kwi womoya. Ukuxinana yekharboni dayokhsayidi phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo ka-1,97 kg / m3 - 1.5 lexinene umoya. Icarbon dioxide ngohlobo esiqinileyo ubizwa ngokuba "umkhenkce owomileyo". Xa karhulumente engamanzi, apho inokubuyiselwa ugcinwe ithuba elide, nto uyaqhubeka noxinzelelo okwandayo. Makhe sihlolisise into kunye nesakhiwo sayo ngemichiza.

Carbon dioxide, ogama ifomyula CO2, ubunjwe carbon neoksijini, kwaye loo nto ifunyenwe ngenxa yokutshisa okanye ukubola izinto eziphilayo. Carbon monoxide equlethwe emoyeni, angaphantsi komhlaba bezimbiwa. Abantu nezilwanyana nazo kukhutshwe icarbon dioxide ngexesha nomphunga omninzi. ngaphandle Izibane izityalo ayikhuphi oko, yaye ngokunzima ethintela ngexesha photosynthesis. Ngokusebenzisa inkqubo yokucolwa iiseli eento zonke eziphilileyo uluntu carbon monoxide yenye yeendima eziphambili bume yendalo.

Le igesi awunatyhefu, kodwa ukuba oluhlala kungomlinganiselo eziphakamileyo, ungakwazi ukuqala ukomiwa (hypercapnia), kwaye xa nokusilela zokuphuhlisa imeko eyahlukileyo - hypocapnia. Icarbon dioxide adlulisele yelanga eyingozi kwaye ibonisa infrared. Yena a gas greenhouse, nto leyo echaphazela ngqo kukufudumala okukhawulezayo kwehlabathi. Oku kungenxa yokuba umgangatho okuqulethwe yalo ezikhula emoyeni, yaye ebangela yi greenhouse effect.

Icarbon dioxide ilungisiwe namuhla ukusuka iigesi nomsi okanye iziko, okanye yokubola carbonates kunye dolomite lekalika. Umxube kwezi gesi ezizodwa wahlamba ngononophelo kunye nesisombululo potassium carbonate. Ngaphezu koko, iya hydrogen aze abole xa itshiswa, apho icarbon dioxide uyakhululwa. Asidi (H2CO3) amiliswe ukusuka carbon dioxide unyityilikiswa emanzini, kodwa ifunyenwe meko kunye nezinye iindlela eliphezulu kakhulu. Emva kokuba carbon dioxide kususiwe, iya zixinaniswe, zipholile lwawamanzi kungena isayizi.

Kushishino, oku kusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo. abasebenzi kushishino Ukutya siyisebenzisa disintegrator (umz, gama axovula), okanye njengoko ukubola (E290). Ngoncedo kwekharbon diokside ukuvelisa neziselo indihlaziya ezahlukeneyo kunye nesoda, ezo thandwa kuphela abantwana kodwa abadala. Icarbon dioxide lisetyenziswa ekwenziweni nesoda yokubhaka, ibhiya, iswekile, iwayini bubbly.

Icarbon dioxide kuyasetyenziswa ekwenziweni zokucima umlilo olusebenzayo. Ukusetyenziswa carbon dioxide eyenziwe eliphakathi esebenzayo ayafuneka ngexesha ukuwelda ucingo. Xa igesi lobushushu eliphezulu carbon arc abole abe oksijini carbon monoxide. Ioksijini idityaniswe intsimbi ulwelo kwaye oxidize ngayo. Icarbon dioxide kwi neekhatriji lisetyenziswa afohlela emoyeni ngemipu.

moya Model ukusebenzisa le nto njenge amafutha imifanekiso yabo. Ukusebenzisa carbon dioxide unako ukuphucula kakhulu izivuno zezityalo likhule kwaMba. Kwakhona kushishino esisetyenziswa ngokubanzi umkhenkce owomileyo apho ukutya kuyagcinwa ngcono kakhulu. Oku kusetyenziswa refrigerant e iifriji, umbane, ezivelisa zombane, kunye nezinye izityalo wamandla oshushu.