Western eYurophu ngamaXesha Aphakathi

Abanemvume e Western eYurophu ngangosuku V kwinkulungwane XVI. Ixesha ibandakanya, aqolileyo, kumaXesha Aphakathi ekupheleni kwexesha. Ukongeza, ixesha libhekisela feudalism.

Uphawu of Western Europe

Kwilizwekazi laseYurophu kukho iinkqubo ezintsonkothileyo kweli xesha, nto leyo yakhokelela kumazwe amaninzi kwaye ziphuhliswe ngendlela apho sikwazi ukuzibona namhlanje. Isiko eli xesha obuphantsi kakhulu ukuya ngezinto zakudala. Ngaphandle koku, kukho abathile inkqubela kuzo zonke.

Eyona nto inzima yaba ixesha kumaXesha Aphakathi ekuqaleni. Western iYurophu nje ekuqaleni ukuze lintshule. Oku kwakubangelwa ekuweni uBukhosi baseRoma, nto leyo waphelelwa kakhulu. Ukongezelela, kwakukho nokuya enkulu yabantu kwaye ngesinyanzeliso rhoqo zezizwe amaqaba. Ngokuchasene imvelaphi kwiimfazwe engaphele ndawo, intshabalalo, inkohlakalo, kwabakho inguqu ehlabathini ongumKristu eRoma. isimo Based ngaphambili le Ostrogoths, amaVisigoth, Franks mfushane elide. Western eYurophu ngamaXesha Aphakathi waqala ukufana imaphu kwezopolitiko mihla kuphela ixesha lokuvuthwa kwi X-XI eminyaka. Ngeli xesha, kwasekwa eJamani, eNgilani, eFransi, eItali, eSpeyin.

Science and Culture

Ngenxa yeemfazwe eziliqela nokruthakruthwano yoluntu Western Europe iye hit kanzima. Ezinye izixeko zamandulo unique zatshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo. Phantse zaphela ukuphuhlisa bezandla. Ndawo kuphuhliso-bulumko nenzululwazi. Ngokuphathelele kuphuhliso lwentlalo, ngoko sonke sithethe inkqubela ebonakalayo. Kwaba kanye nabo bonke okunene ubukhoboka, wasiphula isikhundla apho uninzi lwabantu abaqhelekileyo enyanisweni kunye nomthetho aziboniswanga phaya ngabantu.

Ngenxa yokwaziswa esebenzayo ubuKristu phakathi kwabantu waphawula ukuyilwa imigaqo ecacileyo yokuziphatha kunye yokomoya. Iinqobo ezisemgangathweni ezingundoqo waqalisa ithemba, ukholo nothando. Wakhuthaza ethanda uThixo nabanye ukuba wathabatha umonakalo iingqondo zabantu ngelo xesha.

Society ngelo xesha baziindidi ezintathu: basebukhosini feudal, abefundisi nakubo bonke abanye. Abefundisi olukhulu ingqalelo, mvisiswano leyo, kwelinye icala, nazo yahlulwe kumaqela ukuba izimvo ezahlukeneyo kunye abacinga ngayo, malunga nenkolo.

art

Western eYurophu ngamaXesha Aphakathi waba uphuhliso eliphezulu zobugcisa, oko kukuthi zokwakha. Kumanqanaba okuqala oko kubizwa ngokuba abangaphucukanga, ezintlangeni, njengoko ifuthe zaphawula zangaphambili ukuba wayesenamandla ngokwaneleyo. Ayenziwa Imveliso: ukwenziwa kwezixhobo, iimpahla kunye nezinye izinto. Yaqulunqwa imisinga, ie imifanekiso ncwadi, apho kwenziwa ikakhulu nezigodlo.

Ephakeme kunazo kubugcisa eNtshona Yurophu zafikelela kwi Carolingians. Yoyisa ubhalo singamaqaba. It wanyuselwa Karl Veliky, owadala Academy of Arts, bayirhawula wumbi ngokubopha iimbongi, iingcali zefilosofi, amagcisa, izazinzulu. Uninzi ezikhumbuzo zakhiwo eNtshona Yurophu kuwa kule xesha.

Xa kuqala kwabagqibeleleyo kumaXesha Aphakathi kwaye ukuyilwa ithi ezintsha nengxaki yobuciko. Kuphela ekupheleni kwenkulungwane yeshumi imeko omeleza kunye namaziko zobugcisa nobunzululwazi zezona nezigodlo.