Sydney Opera House - uphawu Australia

Green nokwelizwekazi ihlabathi odumileyo nje ngenxa kangaroos, koalas, ulwandle maza efudumeleyo kunye noothixo esinsundu. Kukho kwakhona izakhiwo ezizodwa. E Cape Bennelong, ezifana fiction xinyenyana, umi ubunzima eziphathekayo kunye negilasi. Yaziwa kulo lonke ihlabathi opera. E Sydney, abakhenkethi abaninzi ingabonwa yonke imihla. Qiniseka, ukuba isiqingatha sabo ubone isakhiwo ekhethekileyo, lo gama ngokuqinisekileyo omnye uya kububona kwixa elizayo.

mangaliso entsha

Ukuba eMoscow basemzini kalula St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo, Red Square, i Umakhi, i-Opera House, i-elidala, ngokuqinisekileyo uphakamisa nomfanekiso- yethu Sydney. Iifoto zezinto ozibonayo kungabonwa naziphi njengezikhumbuzo evela Australia. Elibheke ethekwini, njengekhephu-ezimhlophe ubunzima waba ngomnye obukhulu izakhiwo yehlabathi. Esi sakhiwo akazange ngaphandle amehlo awayeno- kuphela, kodwa imbali ukwazi.

Sydney Opera House isibalo

ukuphakama Construction - iimitha 67. Ubude ayi 185, kwaye banga libanzi -. 120 m Ubunzima, ngokutsho izibalo iinjineli, ngu 161 000 tonnes, futhi le ndawo 2.2 hectares. Ngomhla kwithambeka tiles eliseluphahleni malunga 1 yezigidi. Ukongeza iiholo ezimbini ezinkulu, kukho amagumbi angaphezu kwama-900. Ngelo xesha kwindawo yokubonela ingathatha malunga-10 000 ababukeli. Ngomnyaka opera le e Sydney, watyelela abantu 4 million.

A incinane

Australia akakaze embindini inkcubeko zomculo. Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini kwi nemisinga savula okhestra symphony, kodwa egumbini lakhe, abengabawiselanga mthetho. Kuphela xa umlawuli oyintloko lafumana Yudzhin Gusens, sithethe ngale nto ngokuvakalayo. Noko ke, imfazwe kunye nexesha post-imfazwe akazange abe ekuqaleni kwiiprojekthi ezinkulu-scale. Kude phakathi kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini, ngowe-1955, urhulumente wakhupha imvume yokwakha. Nangona kunjalo, imali-mali nangoku mali. Ukufuna zimali yaqala ngo-1954 kwaye zange ayeke kulo lonke sakhiwo. Kukhuphiswano msebenzi ubalulekileyo projekthi thaca 233 lokwakha. Kakade kweli nqanaba, kuye kwacaca mhlophe apho umculo yeqonga entsha iya kwakhiwa. E Sydney, kunjalo.

Uninzi izicelo labagwebi abamgatyayo, kodwa elinye lamalungu ikhomishini - Eero Saarinen - ngokubonakalayo wakhuthaza ethile umceli-mngeni ombhabhamo obutsha. Kwabonakala ukuba oyinzalelwane Denmark - Jørn Utzon. Kuba iprojekthi lanikwa iminyaka-4, mali $ 7 million. Nangona izicwangciso ukuya ekupheleni-imi- 60 eNdlu Opera e Sydney, ndihambe zisakhiwa. Lomhleli ummangalelwa ukuba ayilifaneli lwabiwo-mali kwaye ayikho nako ukuguqulela izicwangciso zifezeke. With okumenza zokwakha sele engagqitywanga. Kwaye ngo-1973, koroleva Elizaveta II waya kuvulwa yeqonga. Endaweni yoko, ezifunekayo ukwakhiwa kweminyaka emine, iprojekthi efunekayo-14, yaye endaweni ka-7 yezigidi lwabiwo - 102. Enoba laliyintoni na, lwakwakhiwa isakhiwo ukuze uphumelele. Nasemva kweminyaka engama-40 kokulungiswa iye nangoku ingafuneki.

Indlela yokwakha le ndawo

Kweli xesha kwemfazwe kwi bokwakha weyisa ekuthiwa-style ngamazwe, iintlobo ozithandayo apho - iibhokisi ezingwevu eziphathekayo injongo kuphela ngevangeli. Izalwe le fashion, kunye Australia. Sydney Opera House uye waba ngaphandle bonwabile. Kwakunjalo 50 ihlabathi ukhathele usenza intw 'waza ukuthandwa isimbo esitsha - expressionism noshowo. okuxhasa lakhe elikhulu yaye Eero Saarinen, ekuthe a Dane omncinane eyaziwa-iphumelele eSydney. kungenziwa ngoku wafumana iifoto yeqonga kuyo nayiphi na incwadi lweeplani. Esi sakhiwo - umzekelo ezaziwa expressionism. Design kuba ixesha ezintsha, kodwa zifuna iindlela fresh maxesha wawa lixesha ithuba.

Ngokutsho isicelo karhulumente, igumbi kufuneka ukuba ibekwe amagumbi amabini. Enye ezilungiselelwe opera,-ballet symphony iikonsathi, le yesibini - ngomculo egumbini kunye nokwenziwa sedrama. Sydney Opera House umyili eyenzelwe akanasichazi izakhiwo ezimbini, kodwa hayi inani elifanayo amagumbi. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba eneneni yena, ndayihluthwa iindonga. Ngokwesiseko kwindawo olunye nobuninzi ukwakhiwa nophahla ukuba imilo iseyile. aba bahamba kunye iithayile self-ukucoca ezimhlophe. Ngowemithendeleko kunye nemibhiyozo kwi-Opera nasemagumbini wamazwi ukukhanya show.

Yintoni ngaphakathi?

Phantsi neengqameko ezimbini ezinkulu amalungiselelo yekonsathi uze zone opera. La udumo kakhulu, amagama abo. "Concert Hall" - kwelikhulu. Oku ingathatha malunga 2700 ababukeli. Le ndawo yesibini - "Opera Hall." It yenzelwe abantu 1547. Oku Zazihonjiswe "Sun ludilike" - nje enkulu ehlabathini. Kukho kwakhona isibini kuye: "ludilike kweNyanga", ibekwe kwi "Holo of Drama". Nanjengoko igama layo lixela, oko yenzelwe ngemise- drama. Kwiholo ye 'Playhouse "luhlola zabanjwa. Ngamanye amaxesha yena a ntsapho. "Studio Hall" - sha kubo bonke. Apha ungenza ukujoyina ubugcisa wokubonelwa mihla.

Uhombiso lwe umthi isetyenzisiwe, ngamaplanga negranite pink eTurin. Ezinye siyinxalenye yeyona ngaphakathi achukumisa ukunxibelelanisa kumgangatho esi sikhephe, iqhubheka umxholo umkhombe omkhulu.

anika umdla

Abanye bathi ukuba Sydney Opera House - oku sesifumene kwamnandi, abanye babone inkqubo emiqolombeni, eyesithathu - iqokobhe perile. Ngokutsho kuguqulelo mnye, Utzon e-ndlebe wavuma ukuba indalo le projekthi yaphefumlelwa ngononophelo ukususa kunye uqweqwe-orenji. Ukuhamba le ibhayisikili Eero Saarinen wakhetha projekthi, ukunxila. Ndidikwe komdyarho esingenasiphelo lezicelo, usihlalo ikhomishini wavuka nje iphepha random ingqokelela ezimbalwa neyalo. Kubonakala ukuba ilivo wabonakala na ngaphandle umona Utzon.

Uphahla Beautiful amanqugwala amalungelo umsindo kweso sakhiwo. Kakade ke, oko ayamkelekanga indlu opera. Ukusombulula le ngxaki, baye zenzelwe iisilingi ngaphakathi ezibonisa isandi ngokungqinelana nemigaqo ukwakhiwa yeqonga.

Okubuhlungu kukuba, Utzon akazange umiselwe ukubona ugqibile indalo yakhe. Emva ukususwa kwezakhiwo, wamshiya Australia, ungaze ukubuya apha. Kwanasemva kokuba ingxelo ngo-2003 nakubugcisa yodumo Pritzker Prize, akazange eze Sydney ukujonga nkundla kwakhiwa. Emva konyaka, emva kokuba UNESCO umbutho balinqabisa Opera House iwonga of World Heritage site, womzobi wafa.