I-Meshcheryakova "yesiNgesi yabantwana"

Meshcheryakova Valeriya Nikolaevna ngumlobi wekhosi ekhethekileyo Ndiyathanda isiNgesi ngokufundisa abantwana besiNgesi abakhulileyo abaneminyaka emibili ukuya kweyishumi. Le ndlela ihluke ngokukodwa kwinto enikwe kwizikolo zemfundo jikelele jikelele. Okukhethekileyo kukuba uqeqesho luqhutyelwa kwimidlalo eyahlukeneyo kunye nokugqithiswa okukhulu kunokwenzeka kwiimeko zolwimi, apho ukujonga ulwazi ngeendlebe, ukuphulaphula, kwenza enye yemisebenzi ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokufunda.

Ngempumelelo nangokuthe gqolo

Abantwana bahlanganyele kule nkqubo benomdla okhethekileyo nomnqweno kuba bavuma iingoma, bafunde iimbongo, badlale indima baze badlale isifundo sonke. Indlela yeValery Meshcheryakova iqinisekisa ukulula ukufumana ulwazi olutsha ngabantwana eklasini. Indlela yokucinga ngomsebenzi wesikolo: abafundi abancinci (kunye nabazali babo) kufuneka bavelele izifundo ezivakalayo imihla ngemihla ukususela kwiminyaka elishumi ukuya kwishumi elinesihlanu. Iimviwo zomsindo zirekhodwa ngabathethi bezilwimi, ngoko ke unako ukudala ukuchithwa okufanelekileyo kwabafundi. Zonke izixhobo zolu cwangciso zisebenza ngokuqokelela isigama esisigxina kunye nokuphuhliswa kweelwimi.

Ukwahlukana okubalulekileyo kule ndlela yokufundisa isiNgesi ukususela oko isikolo esinikezayo, okokuqala, ukuba akulona ulwimi olufundwayo nolwaziwayo, kodwa intetho ngokwayo. Okwesibini, uqeqesho luqala ngokuphulaphula nokuthetha kwiiklasi zokuqala ngaphandle kokufunda imithetho okanye isigama.

Enye into engaqhelekanga yale nkqubo kukuba ukungabikho kwezifundo zokulungiswa kweziphoso zokuthetha zabantwana ngutitshala. Kunoko, ukuphindaphinda okuphindaphindiweyo kweebhloko zeenkcukacha kuqaliswa ukuphuhlisa indlela efanelekileyo yokuthetha. Oku kwenziwa ukwenzela ukuthintela ukuvela kwezithintelo zengqondo kunye nolwimi.

I-Technique Meshcheryakova "IsiNgesi kubantwana": amanqanaba okufunda

Le ndlela ifanelekile ekufundiseni abantwana abaneminyaka emibini (ezintathu) ukuya kwi-9 (iminyaka elishumi) kwaye inomdla kwaye inempumelelo ngokwaneleyo. Kufuneka kuthethwe ukuba ukufunda kukhokelela kwiziphumo zangempela neziphumelelayo.

Indlela Meshcheryakova Ndiyathanda isiNgesi inamanani amaninzi kwaye idibeneyo kwisifundo nokuqonda amanyathelo:

• Isigaba seZero, esakhiwa ngokuphulaphula nokukhumbula, - ndiyakwazi ukucula.
• Isinyathelo sokuqala, ukuphucula ukuphulaphula nokwenza intetho yesiNgesi, ndiyakwazi ukuthetha.
• Isinyathelo sesibini, ukuphucula izakhono ezifunyenweyo zangaphambili kunye nokufundisa ukufunda, - Ndiyakwazi ukufunda. Ukuqondisisa kokufunda kwenzeka ngeendlela ezikhethekileyo zokukhawulela ngokubaluleka kwezinto ezifundwa ngaphambili, ngenxa yolu hlobo lwenkqubo eluncedo ngokulula.
• Isinyathelo sesithathu, ukuphucula zonke izakhono zangaphambili nokufundisa ileta, - ndiyakubhala.
• Isinyathelo sesine - Ndiyakwazi ukuhlalutya-kukufundisa ukuba uhlaziye inkulumo xa kuvela.

Ezinye izigaba, eziphambili, ziya kuxoxwa ngeenkcukacha ngokubanzi ukuze kuqondwe ukuba yintoni indlela yeValeria Meshcheryakova.

Ukuphulaphula

Okokuqala kunye nokuqala kwabo bantwana bafundela ulwimi ukususela kwinqanaba elingaphambili ndiyicinga. Ukuhambelana nokufunda kudlula ngokucula, oko kukuthi - ngokuphindaphinda umzekelo kunye nokukhumbula izivakalisi. Oku kwenzeka nangaphandle kokuqonda kokuqala kokuguqulelwa kwamagama. Ukuqonda okunjalo kwenzeka kwimvelaphi. Umntwana ufunda ukuqonda intsingiselo yentetho yangaphandle ngaphandle kokuziqonda (ngokukhawuleza) kunye nokuphulaphula rhoqo rhoqo kwizifundo ezilalelwayo. Kwaye ukufunda nokusetyenziswa kolwimi kusebenze sele kusetyenziswe ixesha elizeleyo ngutitshala, apho iqoqo legama elithi "passive" liqokelelwa kwiqela "lokusebenza". Kule minyaka, umntu unokukwazi ukuqonda kakuhle ulwimi (s) ngendlela efanayo, oko kukuthi, ngendlela efanelekileyo kunye noqeqesho oluhlelekile.

Izindlela zokufundisa isiNgesi i-Meshcheryakova inquma injongo yale nqanaba - ukuphuhliswa nokuqonda komntwana ngentetho. Izifundo ziqhutywe kunye nabantwana kwimifuno yomculo kunye neefom. Izinto eziphathekayo zetekisi ziyietekisi ezinemibala embala, ecacileyo kunye neengoma ezirekhodiweyo ezenziwa ngabathethi bezilwimi.

Indlela yeNgesi Meshcheryakova inika uncedo kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba kwabazali kwinkqubo yokufunda. Izenzo zabo zibaluleke kakhulu. Abantu abadala kufuneka baqinisekise ukufikelela kwansuku zonke abantwana ukuphulaphula ukurekhodwa komsindo. Yintoni endimele ndiyiqwalasele (kubazali kunye nootitshala abachaphazelekayo kule nkqubo)? Kule nqanaba, iziphambeko zefowuni ezenziwa ngumntwana ngenxa yezinto zokuthetha ezifayo azilungiswa ngokucacileyo nangokucacileyo kumntwana omdala. Abaphathi beli phepha bazame ukuphinda izandi okanye amagama ngokuchazwe ngokuchanekileyo kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukwenzela ukuba ukhumbule ukuhlukana okulungileyo kokuphela kwabantwana. Xa uthetha, izibonakaliso kunye nesimo somzimba zisetyenziselwa ukwandisa ukuqonda intetho ngokuqonda komntwana.

Ukwenziwa kwentetho

Isinyathelo esilandelayo sisisiseko kunye nesisiseko - ndinokuthetha, kuba ukubunjwa kwentetho yomlomo ngenye yemisebenzi ephambili ekuqondeni ulwimi. Kule nqanaba, umntwana uqala ukusebenzisa ekwakhiweni kwentetho yakhe sele ekhunjulwe kwaye "yashicilelwe" ekuqapheliseni (kwinqanaba elidlulileyo ngokuphindaphinda ngokuphindaphindiweyo nokuphulaphula) amagama, amagama, iifowuni.

Ngokufanayo, utitshala / umzali uqhuba lo msebenzi ngendlela yomdlalo, kwaye umntwana uyakha intetho yakhe nangakumbi. Inkqubo ye-Meshcheryakova iqinisekisa ukufikelela kwengqiqo yabantwana esele kudala ngeli nqanaba ngenxa yezinto ezicatshangelwe kakuhle kunye nezinto ezilungiselelwe kunye nolwazi oluchanekileyo lwengcaciso:

• Ukuxhaswa okubonakalayo kwiirekhodi zokulalelwayo ngendlela yokuqala kwencwadi kunye nombala uqulethe umfanekiso ocacileyo kwisifundo apho umntwana enza imisebenzi efunekayo. Umsebenzi oyintloko womfundi omncinci owela kulo qeqesho ukuqokelela le mibala ebalawuliweyo evela kwisifundo kuya kwisifundo ukuze uqokelele yonke incwadi.
• Ulwazi lweelwimi kwiibhokisi ziphindaphindiwe ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngenjongo yokungakwazi ukukhumbula nokuzibandakanya. Utitshala eklasini sele sele ebuyisela ngamabomu imeko apho ezi zakhiwo zisetyenzisiweyo kwaye zizinzileyo.
• Ukulandelela okulula kunye nokufika ngexesha lokufunda komntwana. Isifundo ngasinye sesine silawulo, apho utitshala ahlola imisebenzi "egqibeleleyo" kunye "neendlela" zokugqiba umsebenzi, ukuze umntwana aqonde ukuba uphumelele kangakanani ekusebenzeni imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo.
• Kufuneka kuthethwe ukuba izifundo ezilalelwayo zicatshulwa ngokugqithiseleyo ngokwemimiselo kwaye ungayithinteli ingqondo yengqondo yomntwana kunye nengqalelo. Esinye isifundo sithatha imizuzu elishumi ukuya kwishumi elinesihlanu. Kuyo yonke iveki umntwana uphulaphule isifundo esithile kwangoko. Kodwa ngakumbi, bhetele. Ukuphulaphula kunokwenzeka nangaphandle kweemeko zengcinezelo engaphelelanga, kwaye ngasemva, njengokungathi indlela. Kwaye phambi kwesifundo sokulawula, usebenza kunye nezikhundla kwincwadi yakhe yokubala imizuzu engama-15.
• Ndimele ndithethe amagama ambalwa malunga nokukhuthaza. Indlela ye-Meshcheryakova inika uvavanyo lwangaphambili kunye nokuvunyelwa nguTitshala ngokusebenza kakuhle kwemisebenzi ngumfundi ngokusebenzisa imifanekiso eqhotyoshelweyo (ngendlela yeentliziyo neentyantyambo). Inkqubo yokukhuthaza iyacatshulwa: iiploma zeempumelelo eziphambili ziye zaphuhliswa. Kwakhona, umntwana angasifumana isipho esivela kumntu weqhawe lomdlalo, osebenzisana naye ekwenzeni izabelo zesifundo esizifundileyo.

Umbuzo woPhambili

Ngamanye amaxesha, kwenzeka ukuba indlela yokufundisa i-Meshcheryakova ayiyona indlela yokuqala abazali nabantwana abaye basebenza ngayo kwaye basebenza. Ngamanye amazwi, sele sele benesiseko solwazi. Kodwa kukho umnqweno (okanye unyanzelekile) ukuqhubeka ufunda ulwimi ngolunye, umzekelo, inkqubo efanelekileyo ngakumbi yokuthanda iNgesi. Ulwimi lwesiNgesi, ngokweendlela ze-Meshcheryakova, lubandakanya ukufunda nokuqonda ulwazi kunye nezakhono ngokubhekiselele kwindlela efanelekileyo, elandeleleneyo kunye neyinyathelo-nyathelo (0, 1, 2, 3, 4). Nangona kunjalo, unokuqhubeka nokusebenzisa ulwazi olusele lukhona kwaye uqale ukufunda ukusuka kwinqanaba ndiyakwazi ukuthetha kunye nemeko eyimfuneko kuphela - ukuphulaphula izifundo zomsindo imihla ngemihla.

Kufunda ukufunda

Isigaba ndiyakwazi ukufunda iifom zakhono zomntwana zokufunda ngokuchanekileyo ngaphandle kokukhumbula kunye nokukhumbula ngeemithetho ezahlukahlukeneyo ezingabonakaliyo zokuvakalisa iileta ezithile okanye ukuhlanganiswa kweleta. Inkqubo ye-Meshcheryakova ("isiNgesi kubaNtwana") yindlela elula kunye neyodwa yokuchuma.

Abantwana kunye nootitshala basebenze kwinqununu apho onke amagama, amabinzana kunye neetekisi ezigqityiweyo kwimibandela ethile kunye nefonti eyahlukileyo. Kwinkqubo yokufunda, abantwana bayaqonda ngokulula baze bafunde le "bamakishi". Akukho naluphi na ulwimi oluphambene nolwazi lokufunda. Umntwana kwinkqubo ubona ukupeliswa kwegama elichanekileyo kwegama, kodwa ngexesha elinye liza linikezela ngombala ohambelana neetekisi ezenziweyo ngaphandle kokudideka ngokubhaliselwe. Le ndlela ikuvumela ukuba uqale ufunde ngokuchanekileyo kubantwana kunye nabazali abangazi isiNgesi, kodwa banikeze ulawulo malunga nokusebenza kwemisebenzi.

Indlela ye-Meshcheryakova ayibandakanyi ukufundwa kwealfabhethi ngeli nqanaba. Kuqwalaselwa njengento engafanelekiyo kwaye engafanelekanga: nayiphi na ilungu leelwimi lwenziwa xa liyimfuneko. Kucaciswa yinyaniso yokuba amagama oonobumba awancedi kuphela, kodwa kaninzi avimbela abantwana ukuba bafunde ukufunda ngokuchanekileyo nangokukhululekile ngesiNgesi. Kutheni ulwaziyo lweelfabhethi lunokuba luncedo? Njengomthetho, ukupela isipelingi kunye nokufumana iilwimi zeelwimi ezintsha kwisichazi magama. Isichazili nakwili nqanaba (ukuqonda intsingiselo yegama) akudingeki.

Ukusebenza kwisifundo kwintlawulo eyenziwa kwintetho yomlomo kunye notitshala ulungisa ixesha elithile kunye nokuzivocavoca ebhodini. Njengomsebenzi wesikolo, umntwana wenza izifundo ezibhalwa eklasini, kwaye isebenza ngokuzimeleyo kunye nokuzibandakanya okongezelelweyo ukulungisa izinto ezifundwayo. Kufuneka kugxininiswe ukuba igama lomsebenzi wesikolo linikezelwa kwincwadi yokubhala yaseRashiya ukuze kuqondwe ngokupheleleyo ngabo bonke abathathi-nxaxheba kwinkqubo yokufunda (abafundi nabazali babo) oko kufuneka kwenziwe. Le nto yenziwe ngokuzithandela ukuze isebenze, kuba ukufunda amagama kunye neetekisi ngesiNgesi kuphela kuqondwa kwaye kuguqulelwe kweli nqanaba (ndinokufunda).

Ukufunda kumdlalo

Indlela yesiNgesi i-Meshcheryakova ifundiswe ngendlela yomdlalo. Izifundo zakhiwe ngendlela yeemidlalo ezihlala zihlala zihlala zitshintsha. Oku kuvumela ukwenza inkqubo yokufunda ibe yinto enomdla kwaye inomdla, kuba umsebenzi oyintloko womntwana ekuqondeni ihlabathi elikujikelezayo uvela ngqo kwimidlalo. Inqwenelo kunye nemihlali yenza izimo ezihambelana nokukhumbula, ukuphindaphinda, ukufana nokuhlanganiswa kolwazi. Imizwa yabantwana kunye neentshiseko ziqinisa intsebenzo yabo yengqondo yokuqonda ngenxa yokuphuhliswa. Ukongezelela, umdlalo luhlobo oluthile lwesimo esicatshulwayo kunye nesimo esenziwe ngokufanelekileyo, eshukumisela ukusebenzisa ulwazi ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Umsebenzi wutitshala kukudala izimo eziyimfuneko ekuphuhliseni intetho yesiNgesi kunye nesidingo sokusebenzisa izinto.

Umdlalo yinjini yenkqubo yophuhliso. Ukuba yinto efanelekileyo yokufunda nokuqinisa umsebenzi wokucinga wengane, wenza ukuba isifundo sibe mnandi kwaye sibonakale.

Indima yomzali

Indlela ye-Meshcheryakova ibonisa ukuba, njengoko sele kukhankanywe ngaphambili, ukuphicothwa rhoqo kwezifundo zomsindo ngabantwana (ezibhalwe ngabathethi bezilwimi). Ukuphumelela kakuhle ulwimi, ufuna indawo efanelekileyo, kunye nokurekhodwa komsindo luhlobo lwendawo efanayo. Ukuqheleka kokuphulaphula kwezi zifundo (mfutshane ngexesha) kuqinisekisa ukuphumelela ekuqondeni le nkqubo. Ngaphezu koko, ukuxhomekeka kweziphumo zokufunda kwixesha eliqhelekileyo lokuphulaphulwa kwekhaya kuluhlu. Ngamanye amazwi, xa umntwana ephulaphule isifundo somsindo, ngakumbi uyaziqonda. Ukuqondakala ngakumbi, ngakumbi uyamthanda. Ngokumthanda kwakhe, ngakumbi uyawuphulaphula ngokuvuya kakhulu kwaye uya kwiklasi yesiNgesi. Kwaye ngokuthe ngqo.

Kuya kuba mnandi ukuba abazali bancede umntwana wabo ekudaleni uhlobo oluthile lwesithethe ngokumamela izifundo (umzekelo, ngaphambi kokulala embhedeni okanye endleleni eya esikolweni / esikolweni). Ukudala ezinye izikhuthazo ezongezelelweyo kwinqanaba yabazali liza kuququzelela nokufunda ngokufanelekileyo kolwimi lwangaphandle.

Ukuphulaphulwa kwezi zinto ezilalelwayo ngokuqhelekileyo kumnandi kwaye kunomdla, bathandwa ngabantwana. Nangona kunjalo, kukho impazamo embalwa abazali abaye bayivumela, ngenxa yoko umntwana wabo ofuna ukuyeka ukuphulaphula izifundo zezifundo kunye neeklasi zesiNgesi:

1. Imiyalelo ngokuthe ngqo endaweni yesenzo: "Endaweni yokubukela imifanekiso, kungcono ukungena kwisiNgesi." Oku kuyimpembelelo enkulu kwaye ingacacanga kwengqondo yengqondo kunye nengqondo yomntwana. Ngokuqhelekileyo oku kubangela ukukhusela kwangaphakathi kunye nokungathandi ukuqhubela phambili kule ndlela. Ngendlela yayo, lo luhlobo lwenkqubo engalunganga eyenziwa ngumzali kwi-subconscious yomntwana wakhe.
2. Eqhelekileyo kwaye engavumelekanga (okanye engekho ngokupheleleyo) ekuphulaphuleni izifundo zezifundo. Kwizifundo ezizimeleyo kunye notitshala, abantwana abangayiphulaphuli izifundo ekhaya okanye bahlale bengenzima. Naluphi na ubunzima kumntwana obangela ukulahlekelwa ngumdla kwizifundo.

Indima yoTitshala

Utitshala kwisifundo ngumlinganiselo oyintloko wenkqubo yokufunda eyimpumelelo nangempumelelo. Akwanele ukwazi ulwazi kunye nolwimi lwangaphandle. Kufuneka ube neempawu ezininzi. Ukuba sithatha umyinge wobudala bezingane ngale ndlela, ngoko utitshala kufuneka abe ngumlobi, isazi sengqondo, umdlali, kunye nomgcini wezinto ezintle, ukwenzela ukuba inkqubo yokuqonda iphumelele kwaye iluncedo ngangokunokwenzeka. Ukongezelela, utitshala ngumntu othanda nokuqonda abantwana, ngubani ongathetha nabo ngolwimi olunye, kodwa ngelo xesha axoxe nabo kwaye afundise enye, ulwimi lwangaphandle. Yeka indlela enomdla kwaye kunzima ngayo konke! Kulo titshala oqhuba izifundo ezifikelelekayo, ngothando nangomdla, abantwana bayavuya ngokuya kwiiklasi baze bafunde kakuhle izinto ezingenakunzima, kwenzeka ngokuzenzekelayo. Ininzi kuxhomekeke kwititshala!

Okungenakunokwenzeka ukuthetha, utitshala kufuneka abe neendlela ezahlukeneyo kunye nobuchule bokufundisa isifundo sakhe. Ngokubhekiselele kwisihloko sethu, konke oku kuklanywe ngokucacileyo kwaye kucatshulwa ngumlobi wale nkqubo yekhosi, i-Meshcheryakova V. N. Indlela ehlukile kwaye ihluke kwiintlobo ezininzi ukusuka kwiklasi yokufundisa. Ngako oko, kukho imiba emininzi ukuba awufunanga nje ukumazi utitshala, kodwa kwaye uqobo lwakho uqobo lwazo zonke iziqhelo. Ukwenza oku, kukho inkqubo yoqeqesho lootitshala ophuhliswe ngokwahlukileyo kwiziko likaValeri Nikolaevna, eliqhuba ngokucacileyo indlela yokuqhuba iklasi ukwenzela ukufundisa isiNgesi ngokuchanekileyo ngokweendlela ze-Meshcheryakova.

Ingxelo evela kootitshala Ungafumana iindidi ezininzi. Umntu lo ikhosi mnandi - bafundisi baya iinkqubo ezizodwa ngqo umbhali, umqeqeshi, baqeqeshwa ngokwabo ekufundiseni iindlela, uze ufundise abafundi zabo kule program. Mhlawumbi ngethuba lezifundo zabo, abalunganga zincedisana izifundo zabo, kuba kunyanzelekile. Kukho abo baye bafumana uqeqesho kwi program methodological, kodwa akazange aneliseke ngayo ngenxa yezizathu ezithile (mhlawumbi utitshala ngokwakhe akunjalo ngokobuqu ayifumaneki ngaphakathi eklasini, ukuba abe othile ubugcisa esebenzayo kunye injini kwinkqubo yokufundisa nokufunda).

Kodwa kukho abo aqhelene iinzuzo Meshcheriakova, kodwa akazange wadlula iikhosi zoqeqesho. Bona ubuqili ezininzi inkqubo Kusenokuba nzima ukuqonda ngokupheleleyo okanye hayi kwaphela ebonakalayo. Noko ke, iliso onamava kwaye uluvo lobuqu, bafundisi yaye ndimele ndithi, zibalulwe ngokuzi- kunokuba elibukhali. Kakade ke, kulo mzekelo, umntu wamqonda ncomo ubuchule Meshcheriakova lootitshala liya kubangela hayi bezichaza. Noko ke, loo nezimvo nto ezinxulumene ngqo okubhalwe ubuchule bokufundisa, kunoko, abangasayi kuba sathi le ukungalungeli ngutitshala kwinkqubo ngolwimi Meshcheriakova. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba unako ukuhlawula bonke ootitshala ukuba ngokusebenzisa izifundo zoqeqesho ezizodwa kule nkqubo ngenxa yexabiso eliphezulu le nkqubo kunye nezinto ngokwabo.

Indlela yokusebenza uValerie Meshcheriakova: Ukubuyekezwa abafundi kunye nabazali

Abafundi kunye nabazali inxaxheba kwizifundo zolwimi langoku, kukho ukuqhuba kakubi okuphawuleka kwaye ezilinganisekayo iziphumo - wayenomdla gqitha kwisifundo, kwaye kulula kakhulu ukuba ukusebenzisa izinto abantwana bafunda kwindawo playful. Kuthathwa ukuba ndlela umbhali olusebenzayo efficacious kaThixo (Meshcheryakov). "IsiNgesi for Children" iimpendulo yenza abantwana abonwabileyo (umnqweno ukuya eklasini kunye epheleleyo izabelo - ngokwezalathi ezibalulekileyo), abazali - ngobulungisa-HIV (kuba abantwana benza kakuhle kwi sifundo), ootitshala abasebenza kule program - iphefumlelwe ngokwaneleyo. kwizigqibo ezinjalo kungenziwa shi ukuba lungaphengululwa website esemthethweni nombhali wolu khosi videootzyvy zobuchule ukuba liqinisekile. Ukongeza, kukho ulwazi oluninzi malunga nobuchwepheshe yayo inikezela kakhulu Valeriya Nikolaevna Mescheryakova. Iindlela nokufundisa IsiNgesi umdla ngokwenene engaqhelekanga. Nokuvavanywa yayo nempumelelo kumaqela abantwana ithatha iminyaka engaphezu kweshumi, ngenxa yale misebenzi abafundi baqalisa ukuthetha IsiNgesi nokuqonda interlocutor.