Iinkqubo Inkcazelo kwindalo ephilileyo. Ingcamango inkqubo yolwazi

Iinkqubo Inkcazelo endalweni kakhulu kuxhaphake kakhulu kunokuba kubonakala efika kuqala. Ezinxulumene kubo zivuthuluke ekwindla, ukuntshula iintyatyambo ispring kunye nezinye isenzeko aqhelekileyo. Ukukwazi ukugcina, ukukhupha nowamkela ulwazi - enye iimpawu ephilayo. Ngaphandle akangekhe ukutya eqhelekileyo, ukuziqhelanisa kokusingqongileyo, imfundo kunye njalo njalo. Iinkqubo Inkcazelo endalweni ezingaphiliyo khona, kodwa zizakubalulwa iimpawu ezininzi ikakhulu ibe ucwangco le nkqubo.

ulwazi ikuyo

Yintoni na ulwazi? Namhlanje, kukho iingcaciso ezininzi eli gama. Wonke inzululwazi, nithetha ngomba (ezinjalo zonke izihloko ulwazi), usebenzisa ingqondo yakhe. Le nkcazelo ukubonisa jikelele kunzima. Ungaziva, wonke umntu uyaqonda ulwazi oluthile ulwazi kunye nolwazi malunga ihlabathi. Zenzululwazi zokubala ezi kongezelelwa iinkcukacha ezifunyenwe ngokubheka nasemva imisebenzi ethile. Physics, ulwazi - yinkqubo ucwangco, oko kusisichasi entropy kunye ezihamba naziphi na izinto eziphathekayo. Ngo bulumko, kuba uchazwa uhlobo non-eziphathekayo intshukumo.

izakhiwo

Ngokutsho ulwimi isininzi, ulwazi lunciphisa ukungaqiniseki ngokubonelela ngolwazi malunga ihlabathi kunye negalelo ekuziseni inkqubo kwenye States ezininzi. Kulula ukuqonda, ukuhlalutya inkqubo isigqibo. Le ndoda amaninzi akanako ukukhetha phakathi iinketho eziliqela yokuziphatha lude lufumane ulwazi ngakumbi le meko. Ulwazi kwakhokelela isigqibo esifanelekileyo, oko kufuneka iseti iimpawu, efana nale:

• ukucaciselwa;
• into eluncedo;
• ukugcwala;
• Ukwenza;
• ukuthembeka;
• ukufaneleka.

Ingcamango inkqubo yolwazi

Zonke iintshukumo ezahlukeneyo ezinokuthi Zenziwe ulwazi, ekuthiwa neenkqubo zolwazi. Ezi ziquka ekufumaneni search, ukudluliselwa kunye ukukopa, odolwa nocococ, ukukhuselwa ukugcina.

Iinkqubo Inkcazelo endalweni afumaneka kuyo yonke indawo. Nayiphi na into ephilayo, kwiseli enye okanye multicellular, uhlala efumana ulwazi malunga okusingqongileyo ezikhokelela utshintsho ezahlukeneyo zokuziphatha okanye ngaphakathi. Ngaphandle ukuqokelelwa, ukwenziwa kunye nokugcinwa kweenkcukacha Kunzima ukuba nomfanekiso umsebenzi ebalulekileyo nayiphi na into. Umzekelo elula - ingqondo yomntu. Xa ezingundoqo zalo, akukho nto kodwa inkqubo yokujongwa gqolo iinkcukacha kokusingqongileyo, isimo umzimba, kwakunye neenkcukacha ligcinwa kwinkumbulo, njalo-njalo.

inkqubo yolwazi

Yonke imizekelo iinkqubo zolwazi endalweni kwenzeka ngaphakathi kwinkqubo ethile. Oku kuquka amacandelo amathathu:

• sixhobo (umthombo);
• akwamkele (akwamkele);
• unxibelelwano channel.

Sixhobo inokuba nayiphi na into ephilayo okanye okusingqongileyo. Umzekelo, umfundi constriction okanye ukwandiswa kwenzeka phantsi amanyathelo ukukhanya. Lo mthombo wolwazi kwinkqubo enjalo isithuba ukujikeleza lo mntu okanye silwanyana. Umamkeli kule meko kwiretina.

ijelo lonxibelelwano kuthiwa bume eqinisekisa ukuba ukuziswa ulwazi. Oku kusebenza isandi okanye ngumtshangatshangiso ezibonwayo kunye isindululo vibrational medium eziluhlobo eyahlukileyo.

iinkqubo zolwazi Basic

Lonke Isethi izenzo ezinokuthi Zenziwe ulwazi ezidityanisiweyo kwiindidi ezininzi:

• transmission;
• indawo yokugcina;
• collection;
• processing.

Ikhompyutha - umzekelo omangalisayo ukuhamba iinkqubo zolwazi. Ifumene data nokuhoywa kubo, inika ulwazi oluyimfuneko okanye Kuchaza ukuba ukusebenza kwenkqubo, ukhangela izibakala ngokwe neekhrayitheriya ezimiselwe zii, kuba ngumthombo olulwazi receiver. Kwase computer ngobuchopho bomntu. Naye rhoqo esinxibelelana ukuhamba ulwazi, kodwa iinkqubo ezinzulwini zayo, amaxesha amaninzi ngaphezu ukuntsonkotha kwabo yinqobo kumatshini.

Ezinye bokuqonda transfer ulwazi

Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, iinkqubo zolwazi kwindalo kwenziwa inkqubo ebandakanya komthombo, itshaneli, kunye receiver. Xa inkqubo yokudlulisela data evela iseti imiqondiso channel beze receiver. Kulo mzekelo, intsingiselo ebonakalayo kwezi Oluphawu ayisoloko twatse ne intsingiselo myalezo. Ukuze ufumane ingcaciso echanekileyo inkcazelo basebenzisa iseti ekuvunyelwene yemithetho kunye nezivumelwano. Kuba iyimfuneko iimvisiswano zesidima umxholo womyalezo onke amanqanaba ukusebenza naye. Le mithetho inokuquka yonke ezama worse ikhowudi kunye nezinye iinkqubo ezifana, imithetho zokufunda imiqondiso yendlela, amagama, njalo-njalo.

Kulo mzekelo naluphi ulwimi kulula ukubona ukuba intsingiselo yolwazi scrolled kungekuphela iimpawu signal, kodwa kundawo yawo. Ngale ndlela enye ngaxeshanye lomyalezo ngamnye idluliselwe ukuze ilungiswe kancinane ngokuxhomekeke iimpawu kumamkeli. Ukuba ingcaciso ethunyelwayo ebantwini, nokutyhilwa kwabo igqitywe zizinto ezahlukeneyo, ukusuka kumava akhe ukuya kurhulumente nokomzimba. Ngaphezu koko, umyalezo omnye idluliselwe ngeendlela ezininzi, esebenzisa iintlobo ngeentlobo kweenkqubo babona nobumba zolwimi okanye amajelo onxibelelwano. Ngoko ke, ingqalelo into ungasebenzisa i ileyibheli "Ingqalelo!", Ukusetyenziswa Umbala obomvu okanye amanqaku ezininzi isikhuzo.

ingxolo

Uhlolisiso iinkqubo ngcaciso ibandakanya isifundo kweekhonsepthi ezifana ingxolo. Kukholelwa ukuba xa lo myalezo ukwenza ulwazi luncedo, athwala ingxolo. Ngoko ke zimisele nje kuphela ngokupheleleyo ukusuka kwindawo ebonakalayo Ngenxa yolwazi, kodwa imiyalezo eyenziwa iziganeko ukuba umamkeli engenako ukutolika nayo. Ingxolo ekunokuthiwa kwaye data balahlekelwe ukufaneleka. Oko kukuthi, naziphi na iinkcukacha ngapha kwexesha okanye ngenxa yeemeko ezahlukahlukeneyo abe ingxolo. Hayi kangako kunokwenzeka yinkqubo umva. Umzekelo, kwi-Icelandic yemiyalezo ulwimi iya kuba nganto kwabo akazazi kulo umntu iyavakala xa kwimeko umguquleli okanye isichazi-magama.

Man and Society

Iinkqubo Ingcaciso emphakathini azahlukanga kuyaphi kwezo kwamanye amanqanaba esebe. Ukugcinwa, ukudluliselwa kunye nokuqhutywa ulwazi eluntwini yenziwa ngokusebenzisa amaziko ezizodwa zentlalo kunye neendlela. Omnye wemisebenzi oluntu - ukudluliselwa kolwazi. Phofu ke ukudluliselwa kolwazi ukusuka kwesinye isizukulwana ukuya kwesinye. Ngandlel 'ithile oku efanayo inkqubo bakope into njengelifa.

Iinkqubo Inkcazelo kuluntu ukuqinisekisa ukunamathelana yayo. Ukungaphumeleli ukudlulisela ulwazi ezingasetyenziswanga, kubandakanywa imigaqo nemithetho ezikhokelela kokwahlulwa ukuma omnye kubantu wenza kuphela ngokusekelwe ngeenkolelo eziphilayo sizalwa.

Ukugcinwa kunye nokusebenza

Kuluntu, njengoko kwi kumzimba ngamnye, kunzima ukuba ukudlulisela ulwazi ngaphandle uyibeka. NeeDathabheyisi, amathala eencwadi, oovimba kunye neemyuziyam ziqulathe inkcazelo eninzi. Amaxesha amaninzi, phambi kokuba kungeniswe kuzo abafundi, ootitshala abathatha inxaxheba processing ulwazi. Bathi bangahlela, data filter, izibakala khetha ezithile ngokungqinelana neprogram yoqeqesho, njalo-njalo.

Imbali siye sabona utshintsho ezininzi ezinkulu enxulumene processing kolwazi kwaye kwakhokelela elandayo beqokelela ulwazi. Ezo ukuvukelwa ulwazi ekunokuthiwa eleza lokubhala, ushicilelo, ikhompyutha, amandla lokuvula. Ukuveliswa kweekhompyutha yaba yoko ubhalo zokwanda kolwazi. Computer yakho iyakwazi ukufumana ize isebenze izixa esikhulu solwazi, ndibasindise kunye transmission lossless.

Le izenzakalo zemvelo: imizekelo yeenkqubo ulwazi

Inkcazelo evela bume, bayakwazi ukuqonda nje abantu. Izilwanyana nezityalo, iiseli abangatshatanga kunye Cya rivaleleke imiqondiso kwaye aphendule kuzo ngandlel 'ithile. Abscission yamahlamvu kwi yasekwindla nemvula yasentwasahlobo kukhula amahlumelo, ukwamkelwa ezithile babesima inja xa eza ngumdlali welinye icala, ukwabiwa izinto eziyimfuneko kungena kukho icytoplasm le amoeba ... Onke la yendalo - imizekelo utshintsho kwinkqubo emva kokufumana ulwazi.

Kwimeko izityalo iba ngumthombo bume ulwazi. ukudluliselwa kwedata lwenziwa phakathi iiseli zeethishu. Kuba uphawu izilwanyana kwabelwane ngolwazi, yaye lomntu ngamnye.

Enye imiboniso ephambili endle - ukudluliselwa kolwazi yemfuza. Kule nkqubo kunokwenzeka ukuba ikheswa umthombo (DNA kunye RNA), i-alfabhethi neqela imithetho yokufunda yayo (ikhowudi yezofuzo: adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine), kukho ingcaciso inyathelo (kukhutshelwa DNA), njalo-njalo.

cybernetics

Umxholo: "Iinkqubo Ulwazi" - enye ephambili cybernetics. Yeyona inzululwazi kolawulo kunye nonxibelelwano apha ekuhlaleni, izilwanyana zasendle kunye nobugcisa. Umsunguli cybernetics Norbert Viner ingqalelo. Ukufunda ulwazi kwiinkqubo kwizifundo zesayensi ukuze baqonde iimpawu kolawulo omnye okanye enye inkqubo. Xa cybernetics umphathi ukukhululwa kunye into ilawulwa. Bathi ukuxumana phambili kwaye ukubuyisela link. Ukususela ulawulo kwento (umzekelo, abantu) ifumana imiyalezo (ulwazi) ukuba kulawulwa (PC), ngenxa apho yokugqibela uvelisa intshukumo ethile. Ngoko wondla emva ulawulo ifumana inkcazelo ngeenguqu.

iinkqubo Cybernetic ezinxulumene umsebenzi nayiphi esiphilayo. siseko yolawulo balala ngokusekelwe noluntu, kwakunye neenkqubo zekhompyutha. Eneneni ingqiqo cybernetics wazalwa ekufuneni indlela eqhelekileyo ukuba uhlahlelo umsebenzi eziphilayo, kunye noomatshini ezahlukeneyo kwanokwazisa yokufana le yokuziphatha oluntu kunye noluntu zendalo.

Ngenxa yoko, ulwazi kwiinkqubo kwindalo - enye iimpawu eziphilayo nawuphi xaka. Bona zincediswe yimigaqo phambili kwaye ukubuyisela uthungelwano kunye igalelo ekugcinweni imeko rhoqo lwangaphakathi kunye nempendulo ngexesha utshintsho ehlabathini ezingqongileyo. Iinkqubo Inkcazelo endalweni ezingaphiliyo (ngaphandle koomatshini, ngabantu) olunye-sigaba kwemali. Kubalulekile zingaphawulwa ngentla iiyantlukwano zabo, - ulwazi sivela kumthombo wayo shwaka. ayizange ukubone zasendle kunye matshini senzeko. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ulwazi wadlulisela nangoku zigcinwa umthombo.

Ingcamango yenkqubo yolwazi esetyenziswa yi Sciences ezahlukeneyo. Oko kubizwa ngokuba ahlukeneyo. theory Ulwazi isebenza namhlanje ukuba achaze iintlobo iinkqubo.