Labantu zasemaphandleni nezasedolophini Russia Census data. yabemi eCrimea

Malunga 147 million abantu - ukuba abantu abaninzi kangaka abahlala eRashiya namhlanje. Bangaphi kubo abasetyhini, amadoda, abantwana kanye abadala? Uloluphi uhlanga zezona zininzi kakhulu kweli lizwe? Ziintoni iimpawu labantu ezahlukeneyo zasemaphandleni nezasedolophini Russia? Makhe uzame ukuphendula yonke le mibuzo.

Yabemi Russia: isuntswana amanani owomileyo

Russian Federation - lizwe yehlabathi yokuqala kwindawo kunye lesithoba - ngokubhekiselele kubemi. Izikhombisi eziphambili demographic karhulumente (njengoko ka-2016):

• 146 544 710 - labemi eRashiya (nge-1 Januwari 2016);
• 1,77 - Izinga Iyonke ukuchuma (2015);
• 18 538 - ulwando abemi beli lizwe kwiinyanga zokuqala 11 ka-2016;
• abantu 8.57 / macala onke. M. km. - ingxinano labantu;
• iminyaka 20-24 - iminyaka avareji yokuqala yokuzalwa (abafazi);
• iintlanga kwama-200 kunye namaqela ezizwe abahlala eRashiya.

Akhawunti yabantu kwi Russian Federation

Yiba epheleleyo nangokuchanekileyo umfanekiso demographic zelizwe avumele kubalo data. Olu lwazi inceda ekuhlalutyeni Dynamics idemografi jikelele elizweni okanye kummandla othile kuyo.

Population ubalo - inkqubo onzima, yaye ingqokelela enye, nokudityaniswa, uhlalutyo kunye lweenkcukacha inani labemi belizwe okanye ummandla. Esi siganeko isekelwe phezu kwale mithetho-siseko yobumfihlo, wonke kunye lonke engqongqo yonke inkqubo.

I okokuqala kwimbali kuzwelonke kwango Russian lwaqhutywa ngo-1897 phantsi kwesikhokelo zezenzululwazi kunye nangokuma PP bake-Tyan-shan. I 'kuthiwe' yiSoviet xesha abantu elizweni izihlandlo ezilithoba. Emva kokuba ngokuwa USSR ubalo eRashiya yaqhutyelwa kabini - ngo-2002 no-2010.

Ukongeza kubalo, nezibalo ubhaliso eRashiya ikhutshwa phandle Rosstat ofisi lwengingqi zincwadi, kunye ne-ofisi yokundwendwela.

imeko yabantu yangoku eRashiya

I bebonke ye-Russian Federation: Abantu phantse zizigidi 143 elinye abemi 90.000 abahlala kwamanye amazwe. Ngawo la idatha ubalo lwabemi yokugqibela olwenziwa kweli lizwe ekwindla ka-2010. Xa kuthelekiswa kubalo-2002, inani labantu baseRashiya lehle ngaphezu kwezigidi ezibini.

Ngokubanzi, mihla imeko demographic eRashiya ingachazwa njenge ntlekele. Nangona "ekutshabalaleni esizwe" kusekwangoko kakhulu ukuxela. Ingakumbi ukuba ezakhayo esisigxina kwiminyaka yakutshanje, abemi zendalo ukukhula (nakuba minor). Kwaye ekwandiseni ixesha lobomi kweli lizwe. Ngoko ke, ngo-2010 oko wavuka 68,9 ukuya kwiminyaka 70,8.

Ngokutsho imeko kakhulu silahle, ngo-2030 labemi eRashiya lingaya lisehla ngokwehla kubantu malunga 142 million. Ngokutsho uqikelelo lwabantu, lokuhle, abemi bayo iya kukhula kubemi million 152.

Ngesondo kunye nobudala isakhiwo labantu

Ngokutsho kubalo zamvanje, abafazi eRashiya ngaphezu 10.8 yezigidi kunamadoda. Kwaye le "iyantlukwano" phakathi ngokwesini kunye kuphela esandisa ngonyaka ngamnye. Isizathu sale meko - eli ukufa kwandile phakathi amadoda aqolileyo (eyomeleleyo) ubudala. Kwaye ngaphezu kwesiqingatha kwabo baswelekayo babulawa zizifo kwenkqubo sentliziyo.

Modern ubudala Ukwakhiwa yabemi Russia imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• iqela labantwana nabafana (iminyaka 0-14): 15%;
• abemi abasebenzayo (iminyaka 15-64): 72%
• abadala (kwiminyaka engaphezu kwe-65); 13%.

Ukubunjwa yobuhlanga labantu

Ukungqinelana nomgaqo-siseko lwangoku, eRashiya yimeko beentlanga. Ulwazi olusuka kubalo lwabemi yakutshanje kwakhona ukuqinisekisa le ithisisi.

Ngokomzekelo, eRashiya namhlanje kukho ngaphezu kwamakhulu amabini beentlanga kunye namaqela eentlanga. Isizwe kakhulu ezininzi kweli lizwe Russian (80%). Noko ke, bathi saa kuwo wonke ummandla Russian Federation kunokuba kolwabelo olungalinganiyo. Mncinanana kubo bonke Russian kwi Chechen Republic (ngaphantsi kwe-2%).

Ezinye iintlanga, ogama inani eRashiya idlula imida elinye ekhulwini:

• Tatar (3.9%);
• Ukrainian (1.4%);
• Bashkirs (1.2%);
• Chuvashes (1%);
• Chechens (1%).

Abemi Russian bathetha namakhulukhulu eziliqela iilwimi neziyelelane ezahlukeneyo. Yeyona ixhaphakileyo kubo - oko Russian, Ukrainian, isiArmenia, Belarusian, Tatar. Kodwa ke iilwimi 136 kummandla Russia mihla ziphantsi kwesoyikiso enkulu wokubhanga (ngokwe UNESCO, umbutho ngamazwe).

labantu zasemaphandleni nezasedolophini Russia

Namhlanje eRashiya kukho imizi 2386 kwaye ngaphezu kwama-134 amawaka zokuhlala zasemaphandleni. 74% yabantu abahlala ezixekweni,-26% - kwiilali. labantu zasemaphandleni nezasedolophini Russia ziyahluka ngokubanzi ngokobuhlanga, isini kunye nesakhiwo ubudala, inqanaba kunye nendlela yokuphila.

ERashiya yanamhlanje, ukuhlanganiswa akumangalisi imikhwa ezimbini ezibonakala gaka. Kwelinye icala, eli lizwe ngokukhawuleza siyehla inani zemizana, iculwa ivesi iprozi "zasemaphandleni Russia" uyafa phandle. Kwelinye icala, uphawuleka ebizwa ngokuba yi-de-ezidolophini (kwisithuba 0.2% ngonyaka ngamnye) zeli lizwe. Russia - lelinye lamazwe ambalwa ehlabathini apho abantu ngokukhutheleyo ukusuka kwizixeko kwiilali ukuba up yokuhlala isigxina.

Ekuqaleni kuka-2016 inani labantu Russian ezidolophini labantu abamalunga nezigidi 109.

imizi Russian

Ukuba lali ekhaya ukuya kutsho ubuncinane kwi-12 000 abantu, phantsi kwelungiselelo elithi 85% lwabo abathatha inxaxheba kwezolimo, oko kuthathwa isixeko. Yonke imizi Russia kubemi wohlulwe:

• (Abemi ukuya ku-50 000) amancinane;
• eliphakathi (50-100 amawaka);
• enkulu (100-250 amawaka);
• enkulu (250-500 amawaka);
• enkulukazi (500-1000 amawaka);
• "Million Enye" (elinabemi abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi enye).

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, uluhlu lwe Russian izixeko-oosozigidi iquka yezihloko-15. Kwezi zokuhlala elinesihlanu bakwezolimo phantse-10% yabantu Russian.

izixeko ezininzi omkhulu Russia abaphuhlisa ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, nizuze Hewana nemizi, ukwakha agglomerations ezidolophini kunye nobudlelwane ezizinzileyo zezoqoqosho nezentlalo.

emzaneni Russian

Ngomhla kummandla Russia iintlobo ezintlanu kwiindawo zasemaphandleni:

• ndawo;
• ndawo;
• basezifama;
• ndawo;
• inemizana.

Malunga nesiqingatha lonke uluntu lwasemaphandleni lizwe zoba (labemi abantu ngaphantsi kwe-50) lincinci.

kwilali Traditional Russian ofayo phandle. Kwaye le yenye yezona ngxaki ezibuhlungu demographic yaseRashiya yanamhlanje. Ukususela ngo-1991, kunye urhulumente shwaka imephu malunga 20 amawaka inemizana. mzobo encomekayo nombi kakhulu!

Ubalo yokugqibela, eyaqhutywa ngo-2010, apho waphinda wabonakalisa manani bamatshekileyo; iilali ezininzi Russian amagama kuphela kunye nezindlu engenanto. Kwaye umbuzo apha kuphela kwiidolophana eSiberia okanye East Far. Nje ambalwa kweekhilomitha ukusuka eMoscow uyakwazi ukufumana kwiilali kutshanje bamshiya. Le meko yaba buhlungu liyasetyenziswa kummandla yaseTver, nto leyo iqhele embindini phakathi iingqukuva ezimbini zelizwe - Moscow St Petersburg. yokufudukela Large kwezi sixeko ezimbini ethembisa kudityaniswe banamazinga aphezulu okusweleka kukhokelela ekutshabalaleni ezininzi zokuhlala ezincinci.

Kwakutheni ukuze kwilali Russian ofayo phandle? Izizathu zininzi, kodwa ngokusondeleyo bonke kunxulumene. Ukungabikho emsebenzini, iyeza eqhelekileyo kunye nezibonelelo, kwaye akunakwenzeka lali zizonke self-oluqhutywa kumphathe kwizixeko ezikhulu.

labantu iCrimea: labemi lilonke, uhlanga, ubume ulwimi nangokwenkolo

Phakathi Republic of eCrimea ekuqaleni kuka-2016 ukuya kwizigidi 2.3 zabantu. Kule minyaka 2014-2016 kunye usingasiqithi ukuya mpumalanga Ukraine iye bafudukele abantu malunga nama-22 amawaka (ngenxa yezizathu zezopolitiko). Ngeli xesha ngexesha elifanayo eCrimea uye ubuncinane 200,000 iimbacu ezivela dolophu zigquba imfazwe, nakwiilali Donbass.

Inani labantu eCrimea - ukuba nabameli bezizwe 175. Le inkulu phakathi kwabo - oko Russian (68%), Ukraine (16%), i-AmaTatar iCrimea (11%), Belarusians, Azerbaijani kunye Armenia. Ulwimi ezininzi eziqhele ezithethwa kweli lizwe yi Russian. Ngaphandle kwakhe, kukho ngokufuthi uyakwazi uve iCrimea Tatar, Armenian intetho, Ukrainian.

Inkoliso yabantu eCrimea kaThixo amaKristu Orthodox. ICrimea AmaTatar, kwaye Uzbeks kunye Azeri abalandeli unqulo Muslim. Abantu bendawo bakaThixo ngamaKara Krymchaks - ubuYuda yonqulo lwabo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ekusingasiqithi kukho ngaphezu kwama 1,300 ngezoLuntu neNkolo kunye nemibutho.

Izinga ezidolophini kweli lizwe kakhulu ephantsi - 51% kuphela. Kumashumi eminyaka yakutshanje, inani elipheleleyo uluntu lwasemaphandleni eCrimea liye landa kakhulu ngenxa iCrimea AmaTatar, abakhuthalele emva ngeli xesha kwilizwe lawo baza bahlala ubukhulu becala kwimimandla yasemaphandleni. Namhlanje, kukho imizi 17 eCrimea. I inkulu kubo (ngenxa yabemi): Simferopol, Sevastopol, Kerch, Evpatoria kunye Yalta.

isiphelo

26% / 74% - ukuba umlinganiselo onjalo kuqikelelwa labemi zasemaphandleni nezasedolophini Russia namhlanje. Xa imo iingxaki abaninzi zosulele ngokwedemografi, apho kufuneka kuqwalaselwe isisombululo emanyanisiweyo. Enye yazo yinkqubo lokutshabalala kwiilali needolophu ezincinane eRashiya.