Ingqiqo kunye umgangatho wemfundo kweli Russian Federation

Imfundo kwi Russian Federation yinkqubo olunye ejolise imfundo kunye noqeqesho kwisizukulwana esilandelayo. Kule minyaka 2003-2010. inkqubo yemfundo yesizwe unenzondelelo iinguqu ezinkulu ngokungqinelana nemimiselo equlathwe Bologna Declaration. Ukongeza amakhono, kwaye nesikolo graduate, siye zaqaliswa amanqanaba entswelan kwinkqubo yemfundo ye-Russian Federation, njengokuba bachelor kunye master.

Ngo-2012, eRashiya yamkela umthetho "Kwi kwezeMfundo Russian Federation." amazinga imfundo, efana kumazwe aseYurophu, vumela intshukumo simahla abafundi kunye nootitshala phakathi neeyunivesithi. UNYE umdibanise eqinisekileyo - oku ithuba yengqesho nawaphi na amazwe asayina Bologna Declaration.

Imfundo: ingqiqo, injongo, nemisebenzi

Imfundo inkqubo kwaye ngenxa idlulise ulwazi kunye namava ukuba elingathathwanga zonke izizukulwana zangaphambili. Eyona njongo iphambili ye uqeqesho nokwamkelwa amalungu amatsha kuluntu kwiinkolelo esekwe kakuhle kunye nemilinganiselo iinjongo.

Eyona misebenzi iphambili uqeqesho zezi:

• Imfundo amalungu ifanelwe oluntu.
• Ukufundiswa koluntu kunye elandelayo-isizukulwana intshayelelo kumaxabiso ezikhoyo kuluntu elinikiweyo.
• Ukubonelela ngoqeqesho abaqeqeshiweyo lweengcali abaselula.
• Ukutshintshelwa ulwazi ukuya emsebenzini, encediswa ubugcisa bale mihla.

imfundo criteria

Senziwe ngumntu iye efunde ulwazi oluthile, ikwazi ukuchonga ngokucacileyo izizathu kunye neziphumo isiganeko kwaye ngexesha elinye ukucinga enengqondo. Isibaluli imfundo nga ngokuba ulwazi ngendlela kunye nokucinga leyo ebonakalayo ubuchule bomntu ukubuyisela enengqondo izikhewu ulwazi.

Ukubaluleka yoqeqesho ebomini bomntu

It ndinobo uqeqesho oluqhutywa inkcubeko kuluntu ukusuka kwesinye isizukulwana ukuya kwesinye. Imfundo ichaphazela zonke iinkalo zobomi yoluntu. Umzekelo sesichengeni loo inokuba ukuphucula inkqubo yoqeqesho. ezintsha amazinga emfundo abaqeqeshiweyo kwi-Russian Federation liphela iza kuphucula umgangatho kwezibonelelo ezikhoyo kwabantu karhulumente, leyo, kwelinye icala, kuza kuba nefuthe elikhulu kuphuhliso loqoqosho lwasekhaya. Umzekelo, nolungiselelo wobugcisa bezomthetho ziya kukhuthaza ekomelezeni inkcubeko ngokwasemthethweni labemi, njengoko wonke ummi weli kufuneka bazi amalungelo abo asemthethweni kunye neembopheleleko.

Umgangatho kunye nenkqubo yoqeqesho, nolwenzelwa zonke iinkalo zobomi babantu, likuvumela ukuba ukukhulisa ubuntu ukuvumelana. Ngokuphawulekayo abachatshazelwa uqeqesho kwi ngamnye. Ukususela kule meko ikhoyo abantu abafundileyo kuphela ndinokulunyuka leri koluntu kuzaliseke iwonga eliphezulu eluntwini. Loo nto self-Ukuqaphela inxulumene ngqo ukufikelela kwimfundo esemgangathweni kwinqanaba eliphezulu.

Inkqubo yemfundo

Inkqubo yemfundo iquka iqela lemibutho eRashiya. Ezi ziquka ukusekwa:

• Early Imfundo yabantwana yasekuqaleni (amaziko ophuhliso, abancinane eziguqulweyo).
• yemfundo jikelele (izikolo, umthambo, lyceums).
• ngamaziko emfundo ephakamileyo (kwiiyunivesithi, amaziko ophando, zezifundiswa, amaziko).
• (Kwizikolo zobugcisa, iikholeji) eziZodwa eziziisekondari.
• Non-government.
• imfundo olongezelelweyo.

nemigaqo yemfundo

• Okona kuphambili imilinganiselo yabantu.
• Isiseko yi imigaqo yenkcubeko kuzwelonke.
• Scientific.
• Ukuqhelaniswa iimpawu kunye nomgangatho wemfundo kweli hlabathi.
• uphawu Humanistic.
• Ujoliso kwi ukhuselo lokusingqongileyo.
• Ukuqhubekeka nemfundo, kwaye yenziwa ngokuqhubekayo.
• Imfundo kufuneka ibe inkqubo eyodwa ndikhuliswe ngokwenyama nangokomoya.
• Ukukhuthaza nembonakalo kwetalente kunye neempawu zakhe.
• entry ukufumaneka olugunyazisiweyo (baseline) ukubunjwa.

iintlobo zemfundo

Ngokutsho kwinqanaba ephunyelelweyo ukucinga ezimeleyo yabelwa loo iintlobo zoqeqesho :

• Enkulisa - ekhaya kunye epriskuli (iminyaka ukuya kwiminyaka 7).
• Initial - wenziwe kwizikolo eziphakamileyo, kuqalwa iminyaka 6 okanye 7, ithatha ukusuka kweyokuqala ukuya kumabanga yesine. Child wafundisa izakhono ezisisiseko zokufunda, ukubhala nokubala, ingqalelo enkulu ihlawulwe uphuhliso kunye nokufunyanwa ngolwazi oluyimfuneko ngehlabathi.
• Umyinge - uquka isiseko (iiklasi 4-9), kwaye i-avareji jikelele (10-11). It oluqhutywa ezikolweni, umthambo kunye lyceums. Igcina bafumane isatifikethi lokugqitywa esekondari. Abafundi ngeli nqanaba yokufumana ulwazi kunye nezakhono ezithi zibe ngummi yinxalenye.
• Higher - enye amanqanaba emfundo yobugcisa. Eyona njongo iphambili ukuqeqesha abasebenzi abaqeqeshiweyo ukuze imisebenzi kuyimfuneko. Kuliwa ngalo eyunivesithi, akhademi okanye ziko.

Yi uhlobo focus wemfundo:

• Iyonke. Kuyanceda ukuba bafumane ulwazi olusisiseko zenzululwazi, ingakumbi malunga nendalo, umntu, uluntu. Oku kunika umntu ulwazi olusisiseko malunga ihlabathi, ukunceda ukuba bafumane izakhono eziyimfuneko.
• Professional. Kweli nqanaba ulwazi nezakhono ezifunekayo ukuze enze umsebenzi kunye nenkonzo tutoring imisebenzi.
• Polytechnic. Ukufunda imigaqo esisiseko kwemveliso mihla. Lixhobise abantu ngezakhono usebenzisa izixhobo zilula.

amazinga emfundo

Xa intliziyo lombutho uqeqesho ikho into "umgangatho wemfundo kweli Russian Federation." It ibonisa ukwahlulwa iinkqubo zoqeqesho ngokuvumelana labantu isifundo ngezibalo ngokubanzi kunye ummi ngamnye. Umgangatho wemfundo kweli Russian Federation - umjikelo yezemfundo igqityiwe, nto leyo zibandakanya iimfuno ezithile. Federal uMthetho "Kwi leMfundo Russian Federation" unika manqanaba jikelele alandelayo wemfundo kweli Russian Federation:

• Enkulisa.
• Initial.
• Main.
• Maphakathi.

Ukongeza, kukho la manqanaba alandelayo weMfundo ePhakamileyo:

• Zidanga. Ukubhaliswa qho kukhuphiswano emva abapasa iimviwo. umfundi-Bachelor degree ifumana emva kokuba ifumene yaye yaqinisekisa ulwazi olusisiseko lwekhondo abawukhethileyo. Uqeqesho ihlala iminyaka 4. Ekugqityweni kwale onesidanga nqanaba inokuwisa iimviwo ezizodwa baqhubeke nezifundo zabo okanye ingcali yenkosi.
• Elithile. Eli nqanaba kuquka imfundo esisiseko, ngokunjalo noqeqesho kwi-ngumpheki ekhethiweyo. Elizeleyo ixesha uqeqesho yiminyaka-5, kunye nembalelwano - 6. Emva kokuphumelela specialist ukuqhubeka efunda ukuba inkosi okanye ukuya kwisikolo enomsila. Ngokwemveli, izinga lemfundo kweli Russian Federation ithathwa ehlonitshwe, kwaye kakhulu ezahlukene ukusuka nomantyi. Nangona kunjalo, umsebenzi kwelinye ilizwe, uya kubangela ezininzi iingxaki.
• Master. Eli nqanaba uvelisa abaqeqeshiweyo kunye ezikhethiweyo enzulu. isidanga yenkosi angenza ntoni ekupheleni zidanga kunye amakhono.
• Ukuqeqesha abasebenzi abaneziqinisekiso kakhulu. Kwakuthetha izifundo zesidanga. It is a amalungiselelo ayimfuneko iqondo lwe Umviwa of Sciences. Imfundo yexesha elizeleyo ihlala iminyaka emi-3, kwi extramural - 4 degree Academic ezipalini ekugqityweni uqeqesho, thesis zokhuselo kokugqiba iimviwo.

phantsi komthetho omtsha amanqanaba emfundo eRashiya akufaneleyo ekwenzeni abafundi iidiploma basekhaya kwizihlomelo eziya leyo ezidweliswe amaziko emfundo ephakamileyo kwamanye amazwe, baze ngaloo ndlela zinika ithuba baqhubeke nemfundo yabo kwamanye amazwe.

uhlobo lwemfundo

Imfundo e Russia banokubekwa iifom ezimbini:

• Kumaziko emfundo ezizodwa. Inokuba yenziwe yexesha elizeleyo, part-time, part-time, eksternatnoy, iifom kude.
• Beyond amaziko emfundo. Oku kuthetha imfundo-self kunye nemfundo nosapho. Ubonelela elingaphesheya esiphakathi nesokugqibela isiqinisekiso karhulumente.

imfundo ezisezantsi

Le nkqubo yokufunda kudibanisa ezisezantsi ezimbini ezinxulumeneyo: uqeqesho kunye nemfundo. Banceda ukuphumeza iinjongo eziphambili zenkqubo yemfundo - kwabantu elihle kwezentlalo.

Umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwezi ndidi zimbini kukuba Uqeqesho lujolise ikakhulu uphuhliso kwicala oluntu yengqondo, kunye nemfundo, phezu koko, - ukuya izikhokelo ixabiso. Phakathi kwezi nkqubo zimbini zihlobene zihlobene. Ukongeza, ukuba ezihlobeneyo.

Umgangatho lwemfundo ephakamileyo

Nangona ukuba akunjalo kudala kuphuculo kwinkqubo yemfundo Russian kuthwalelwa phandle, akukho nto ingako ukuphucula umgangatho wemfundo kazwelonke. Esinye sezizathu eziphambili ezibangela ukunqongophala kwenkqubela-phambili yokuphucula umgangatho weenkonzo zemfundo zezi zilandelayo:

• inkqubo yolawulo lixesha kumaziko emfundo ephakamileyo.
• A Inani elincinane lootitshala basemzini ngezinga eliphezulu zezakhono.
• mlinganiselo Low amaziko emfundo yasekhaya uluntu ehlabathini, nto leyo ibangelwa jikelele buthathaka.

Iingxaki ezinxulumene nolawulo lwenkqubo yemfundo

• imivuzo ephantsi yootitshala.
• Ukungabikho izakhelo ukuba iqondo eliphezulu zezakhono.
• inqanaba Ukunqongophala izixhobo eziphathekayo kunye nobugcisa amaziko kunye nemibutho.
• izinga eliphantsi umsebenzi wezemfundo Russian Federation.
• Inqanaba elisezantsi yophuhliso yenkcubeko yabemi xa bebonke.

Izibophelelo ukuze kushukuxwe le mingeni obekwe nje kuphela kwi imeko xa iyonke, kodwa kwinqanaba kwingxelo yoomasipala Russian Federation.

Imizila kuphuhliso lweenkonzo zemfundo

• Omhlaba emfundo ephakamileyo, ukuqinisekisa ukuhamba ootitshala kunye nabafundi ukuba ukwabelana ngezona ndlela zingcono ngamazwe.
• Ukuqinisa uqeqesho Domestic ecaleni asebenzisekayo, oko kubandakanya ukusungulwa izifundo zepraktikhali, ukwandisa inani lootitshala kunye neengcali.
• intshayelelo Active kwinkqubo ukuyilwa technologies multimedia kunye nezinye iinkqubo imifanekiso.
• Popularization ukufunda ngembalelwano.

Ngoko ke, imfundo sisiseko karhulumente yenkcubeko, ngokwasengqondweni yokuziphatha yoluntu namhlanje. Lo ngumba lubalulekileyo kuphuhliso lwezentlalo noqoqosho karhulumente Russian. Yokuguqula inkqubo yemfundo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku akukho kwakhokelela ekubeni iziphumo zehlabathi. Nangona kunjalo, ukuze shift encinane kakhulu apho. Amanqanaba RF imfundo phantsi komthetho omtsha negalelo ukuvela intshukumo simahla ootitshala kunye nabafundi phakathi kwiiyunivesithi, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba inkqubo yokufunda i-Russian wasinga emazweni.