Ntoni iqondo yenzululwazi 'PhD "

"PhD" - abanemfundo enomsila kwizifundo. Ikhona eRashiya kunye namazwe ico ukususela kwimihla eSoviet Union - ukususela 1934. Eli linyathelo eliphakathi eluhambeni sobunzululwazi yinkosi kugqirha of Sciences kunye wawongwa sicelo:

• It has imfundo ephakamileyo;
• Ndadlula zonke iimviwo umviwa;
• Wenza uthotho uphando ngesihloko sakho;
• Yena yazisiwe kwaye abonisa ezintsha kunye ukuxabiseka nezimvo zenzululwazi;
• Wegqitha kwinkqubo ekuzikhuseleni ithisisi ngokweemfuno zomthetho.

Russian zemfundo ehle "PhD" i-analogue le PhD yasentshona (ufundwe PI eych di). PhD - Doctor of Philosophy. Kodwa enyanisweni akunjalo twatse ngomlinganiselo we Doctor of Science eRashiya. Le yokugqibela lubandakanya kwinqanaba eliphezulu iziphumo zomsebenzi zenzululwazi.

Degree "PhD" liza kwahlulwa kuxhomekeka okukhethekile apho umfaki-sicelo umsebenzi wakhe kusikhusela. 23 amasebe ewonga izihloko ezifana zinikiwe Russian. Umzekelo: Umviwa kwamagqwetha of Sciences philological Physical and Mathematical Sciences,. Kodwa a lot of amakhono. Ungaba ngumgqatswa kwezomthetho, izilwanyana, izityalo ezizikhulelayo, emkhosini, neeminerali, yaye mineralogical, eendawo, imbali, imfundo, ezopolitiko, zonyango, ngokwasengqondweni, lwezenhlalo, zobugcisa, iinkampani, bulumko, ezolimo, imichiza, kunye nenzululwazi kwezoqoqosho. Ukongeza, kukho isihloko umviwa lwezakhiwo, imbali yezobugcisa, nezifundo zenkcubeko.

Degree "PhD" akukho mazingabhidaniswa ukutyhilwa ngasentla entshonalanga - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD).

Ukuya kwi umendo yenzululwazi, umfaki-sicelo kufuneka siqonde injongo lowo ukulungele ukuya kwizigaba ezininzi kunzima ukufumana iqondo "umgqatswa of Sciences". Kuyabonakala ukuba esi sihlokwana akuqinisekisi ubutyebi omkhulu kwixesha elizayo. Ubuncinane, akayi kuba ukuzila ukubuyiswa. Ekuqaleni, lo Ungeniselo ngokomyalelo 10-15% omvuzo. Kufanelekile yaye ngokwenene okubonakalayo eminye imisebenzi yophando, umsebenzi kule yunivesithi, kukhuphiswano isikhundla zemfundo unjingalwazi oncedisayo okanye oonjingalwazi kusebenza kwisebe.

thesis yokubhala - imbaxa, yokusika, inkqubo multi-step. Okokuqala, kufuneka udale, imveliso ingqondo lokuqala amatsha - isiphumo semisebenzi yophando. Oku kulandelayo kukuba balungiselelwe inkqubo yokhuseleko. Idla ababandakanyekayo abantu abaninzi: umphathi uphando, iqela, iingcali, kubahleli, abahleli, abacebisi, njl Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba xa isigqibo ukwenza inzululwazi, kufuneka bazilungiselele ngandlel 'ithile ukuba utyalo eziphathekayo. Thina kuyo nayiphi na imeko ayikho malunga ukuthenga non-self-inzaliseko milestones ezithile.

Noko ke, njalo izifundo ezinkulu-abasakhasayo ukuba wayeza kuzisa inzuzo yokwenene kwaye abe ukubaluleka, lufuna izibonelelo ezithile. Umzekelo, ukuhlola, iimvavanyo, izifundo lwezenhlalo , ngenxa indlela yawo imali eninzi.

Yinto akukho mfihlakalo ukuba imiba bombutho enxulumene siganeko ukhuseleko kakhulu, ingakumbi kwixesha lokugqibela, inokuba kwakhona kufuna utyalo-mali ethile. Kodwa apha yonke into ngamnye kakhulu, kuxhomekeke izithethe olukhoyo yedyunivesithi, iBhodi, iimeko.