Ingcamango yokunxibelelanisa yinto ebalulekileyo yengqondo yengqesho

Eli nqaku liza kunika ulwazi olubanzi malunga nombono wokungenelela. Le nto ibonakalisa imisebenzi ephezulu yengqondo kunye nomsebenzi. Eli thuba laphuhliswa ngama-psychologists aseNtshona naseSoviet, ngokukodwa kwisiseko sengqondo.

Inkcazo yemeko

Iingcamango zokunxibelelanisa zaqala ngokusasazwa kwenzululwazi ngabaphandi baseFransi. Ekuqaleni, kwakukho enye intsingiselo yokuhlaziywa kwamanzi. Oku kwakuyinto echaze inkqubo yokugxilisa ingcamango yomntu ngamnye, oko kukuthi, ukuqonda uluntu kuye kwagqithiselwa ukuqonda komntu ngamnye.

I-Psychoanalyst iqwalasela inkcazo eyahlukileyo ye-interiorisation. Oku, ngokombono wabo, yinkqubo eyenzekayo kwi-psyche kwaye ikhetha ubudlelwane bomntu othile okanye into engekhoyo okanye ekhoyo, ukuguqula umbandela wendawo yangaphandle ibe yinkalo yendawo yangaphakathi. Le nto ibangela ukuba iingxoxo zikhokele kwi-psychoanalytic. Okwangoku, izazinzulu azizange ziqikelele ukuba iinkqubo ezinjenge-introjection, ukutyunjwa kunye nokuchonga zifana, okanye zivela kwimizila efanayo.

Isazi sengqondo seSoviet uLS Vygotsky sanikezela ngolu hlobo lulandelayo lwangaphakathi: kukuguqulwa komsebenzi wangaphandle kwiimeko zangaphakathi zolwazi. Izazinzulu zazikholelwa ukuba ukuphuhliswa kokuqala kwe-psyche kwenzeka kwimeko yangaphandle kwaye kuxhomekeka kwiimeko ezahlukahlukeneyo ezisekuhlaleni komntu. Kodwa ngokugqithiseleyo, ezi zihlobo zangaphandle zengqesho ngenxa yembonakalo yokubanjwa kwangaphakathi zixhaswa ngumntu kwaye ziba ngumsebenzi ophezulu womntu othile.

Inqubo yokwenza i-interiorization iyenzeka njani?

Kuye kwaboniswa ukuba ubudlelwane bangaphandle phakathi kwabantu baqhubela phambili ukuba yimisebenzi ephezulu yengqondo yomntu, njengememori, ukucinga, ukucinga, ukucinga, ukucinga. ULs Vygotsky wenza iimvavanyo esikolweni ukuqinisekisa izizathu zakhe zokufunda. Ngenxa yoluphando uphando lwenzululwazi lwafika kwezi zigqibo ezilandelayo:

• Ukubona inkqubo yokwakha imisebenzi ephezulu yengqondo inokwenzeka kuphela kwi-genesis, emva kokuba yenziwe. Emva koko isakhiwo singena ekugqibeleni kwaye siyaziwayo.
• Ukungena kwangaphakathi kuye kwanceda ekwenzeni ingqondo yengqondo ngokuguqulwa kweefom zangaphandle zangaphakathi.
• Inqobo ebunzima kunzima ukuyichaza, ingakumbi xa sithetha kwindlela yokujonga ngayo iinkqubo zomzimba. Ukuqwalaselwa kwayo udinga uhlobo oluthile lwezixhobo - kwengqondo.

Inkqubo yokutshintshana kobudlelwane bangaphandle nobudlelwane bangaphakathi inokwenzeka ngokusetyenziswa kwangaphakathi. Olu tshintsho alukwenzeki ngokwalo, kuba luxhomekeke kubantu abakujikelezile, ukuthetha nabo. Ngombulelo ekukhuliseni okwaneleyo, umntwana kunye nengqondo yakhe ikhula ngokuchanekileyo. Ingqungquthela yokunxibelelana inceda umntu ukuba enze izicwangciso, enze iintetho zeengxoxo, ziqwalasele iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeziganeko. Iingcamango ezicingayo ziyafumaneka.

Ukutyunjwa kwemisebenzi

Ixesha ngalinye liyimveliso yoluntu. Kuvela, awukwazi ukufundisa oku. Kodwa ngokubulela kwinkqubo yokufunda ngokufanelekileyo, ukuhanjiswa kwemisebenzi kuya kuba yinkqubela kunye nenyathelo-ngeyinyathelo.

Thatha, umzekelo, umntwana wesikolo ofunda ukufunda. Okokuqala, kufuneka afunde iifomu zangaphandle, oko kukuthi, iileta. Emva koko umfundi ufunda iibllabha kwaye uqala ukufunda ngokuvakalayo. Kodwa inkqubo yokufunda ayipheli apho okanye, kuba isinyathelo esilandelayo kukutshintsha ukufunda ngokuvakalayo ekufundeni kwangaphakathi. Le yinkqubo yokuguqula izenzo zangaphandle kwimisebenzi yengqondo ephakamileyo-inkqubo yoqeqesho lwangaphakathi.

Ngaphandle kwesi simo, kukho enye imbono echaseneyo. Ukulungelelanisa nokuchithwa kwempahla kufana namacala amabini. Omnye uguqula yangaphandle ngaphakathi, kunye nolunye-ngaphakathi ngaphakathi. Ngokomzekelo, xa ubuchule obuzenzekelayo buhluleka, umntu uqala ukubheka into engalunganga, aze enze okulungileyo. Ngaloo ndlela, ukubuyela kwangaphakathi kuvela ngaphandle.

Wayebandakanyeka ekufundweni nasekuphuhlisweni kwezi ngcamango kwisikhokelo semfundiso yeendlela zokuphuhlisa umsebenzi wengqondo uP. Ya. Galperin. Wayeqwalasela inqanaba eliphezulu lokungenelela ukuba umntu angenza ezinye izenzo ngokwengqondo, ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ukunyusa okungekho.

Imfundiso kaP. Ya. Galperin

Inzululwazi inkholelwa ukuba isenzo sokucinga siya kwenziwa kuphela emva kokudlula kwizigaba ezinje:

1. Ukukwazi kunye neemfuno ezibangelwa umphumo walo msebenzi.
2. Ukusetyenziswa kwangaphandle kunye nezinto.
3. Enyanisweni, ukulungelelanisa - ukuqonda isenzo ngokungabikho kwezinto eziphathekayo, ukuguqulwa kwisicwangciso sangaphakathi. Apha, intetho yangaphandle isetyenziselwa ukubhekisela kwizinto zangaphandle.
4. Ukuguquka kokugqibela kwentetho kwisenzo sokucinga.
5. Ukugqitywa kwamanyathelo.

Yiloo ndlela i-psyche yomntu ikhula ngayo, kwaye izenzo zangaphandle ngoncedo lwe-interiorisation ziba ngumsebenzi wengqondo.