Imbali yoLhwebi

Namhlanje, ukurhweba ngumnye wemisebenzi enenzuzo kakhulu. Akunjalo rhoqo kwaye akusiyo yonke into, yaphumelela, kodwa ke, yasinda kumaxesha amanzima kwaye iqhubeka ikhona. Ziziphi izigaba eziphambili zophuhliso loshishino?

Abashishini basendulo

Olu hlobo lomsebenzi lwaqala ukuphuhliswa kunye nobudlelwane bemali yempahla. Kwixesha la mandulo, kwaye kwiMinyaka Ephakathi, imbono "yoshishino" ininzi inxulumene nerhwebo. Kwixesha la mandulo, uzuko lwabathengisi lwafunyanwa kuqala ngabantu baseFenike, abasungula inani elikhulu lamakoloni kummandla woLwandle lweMeditera. Ephakamileyo njengeendawo zokurhweba, ama-colonies ekugqibeleni abe ngamazwe azimeleyo kwaye azithoba phantsi kwimihlaba ebalulekileyo. Umzekelo ocacileyo ube yiCarthage, eyaba namandla amakhulu aseMedithera. Kwixesha elidluleyo, imbali yoosomashishini iye yaxhaswa yiminye imizekelo yezohwebo. AmaGrike asendulo, awazange abe ngabanqwelwana abanamakhono kunabo baseFenike, abathengiswa ngamazwe ahlukeneyo aseMpuma kunye neenkoloni zabo zahlakazeka emanxwemeni aseMedithera naseLwandle oluMnyama. Ukusuka kwiiNxweme eziMnyama, iGrisi yafumana i-wax, isikhumba, ubusi, okusanhlamvu, iinkomo. Bavela eAfrika bahamba ngeendlovu. IYiputa yanikeza iingubo zelinen, iCarthage yanika iipatethi. AmaGrike ayedume ngokuba yiwayini kunye neoli yeoli.

Abanye ababhali beembali-mlando bakholelwa ukuba indlela yezoqoqosho imiphakathi yasendulo ingabizwa ngokuba yimpumelelo. Emva kwakho konke, kwakukho ipropati yangasese, ubudlelwane bemali-mboleko, kunye nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ngaphandle kokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe. Kodwa i-predominance yokunyanzeliswa, umsebenzi wekhoboka njengento ethile nge-capitalism ayifanele.

Ukusuka kubarhwebi kunye nabacibi bezobugcisa

Imbali yoshishino ibandakanya iMinyaka Ephakathi. Nanku uhlobo oluthile lomsebenzi wezoshishino lwakuyimisebenzi yorhwebo. Abathengisi baseRussia badala babekhokelela urhwebo olusebenzayo kunye neByzantium, befumana khona impahla yezinto zokunethezeka kunye newayini yaseGrike, ezo zikhulu zaseKievande zazithanda ukuyisebenzisa. Bathengisa kunye namazwe aseMpuma kunye namaKoloni aseCrimea. Kubantu abashishini baseRashiya, kunye nakumazwe asendulo, kunokwenzeka ukuba baphathe abenzi. Emva kwakho konke, bafana nabarhwebi, bazisebenzela ngokwabo: bavelisa iimpahla, bathengise, batyala imali kwimpahla eluhlaza kunye nezixhobo.

EYurophu ephakathi, abathengisi kunye nabenzi bezobugcisa baqala ukudala imanyano yabo, ekuthiwa yintengiso yabizwa ngamabandla, nakwiinkampani zobugcisa. Ngaphandle kwale mibutho, imbali yophuhliso loshishino ayiyi kuzaliswa. Iimanyano zabasebenzi, ezifana neHansa kwiJamani ephakathi, ekugqibeleni yaba yimibutho enamandla, uhlobo oluthile lwamazwe kwimeko. Iivenkile ezazijongene nemigangatho kunye namaxabiso emveliso kamva yaba sisiseko sokuqala kweenkampani zokuqala zengxowa-mali, apho abaphathi beejolo bajika baba ngabaphathi, kwaye abafundi babe ngabaqeshwa. Nangona kunjalo, oku akuzange kube njalo imeko: ngokuqhelekileyo intlangano yevenkile yathintela uphuhliso loshishino. Emva koko, iivenkile zazingenakunqwenela ukutshintshwa kwamanani kwimveliso, okanye ukuqaliswa kwezixhobo ezintsha ezandisa umkhiqizo wabasebenzi.

U shishino lu lawula

Ngokugqithiseleyo ngaphandle kwezorhwebo, ukurhweba kwamanye amazwe kwavela ekupheleni kweMinyaka eyiMinyaka. Ukuthetha ngokukhawuleza, ukususela ngeli xesha umlando woshishino uqala ngokuqonda kwethu ngokuqhelekileyo. Ekupheleni kwekhulu leshumi elinesine iimveliso zokuqala zavela, ama-enterprises apho abasebenzi basebenzayo bemivuzo basebenzise kuzo zonke izigaba zemveliso. Kwamazwe amaninzi aseYurophu, abahloniphekileyo bathatha inxaxheba kwimisebenzi yezoshishino , eqala ukubandakanya ukulawulwa kwempahla, ukuphakamisa izimvu okanye ukutya okuziinkozo. Inkulungwane yeshumi elinesi-16 inokuqwalaselwa ngexesha lokubonakala kweenkampani zokubambisana, ngokukodwa, njengenkampani yaseMoscow yasekwa eNgilani ngokurhweba neRussia. Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-17, iibhanki zokuqala zadalwa ngokuxhomekeke kwiinkampani ezibambiseneyo.

Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-18, isigaba esitsha ekuphuhliseni umsebenzi wezoshishino zaqala. Imveliso yokuqala ibonakala, apho ukusebenzisa oomatshini kwandisa umkhiqizo wabasebenzi kwaye kunciphisa indleko yemveliso. Ifom ye-stock-joint of the enterprises ibandakanyeke ngokukhawuleza, ebangela ukuphuhliswa kwamashishini amakhulu. Ngenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba, ubudlelwane be-capitalist ekugqibeleni baba ngongoma kuqoqosho lwehlabathi.

Imbali yezoshishino ayikho. Olu hlobo lomsebenzi luqhubeka lukhula ngoku. Nangona kunjalo ukuba akuyona inkampani elula ukuqhuba ibhishini, ngokukodwa kwi-post-Soviet indawo, ukurhweba kusasaza ukukhangela abantu abaninzi.