Ukupheliswa kweesfowuni: ngokufutshane ngezizathu kunye nemiphumo

Ukupheliswa kweesfowuni, ngokufutshane malunga nezizathu, izakhiwo kunye nemiphumo yazo eya kuxutyushwa ngezantsi, sele ibe yinto eyahlula ubomi babantu kunye nembali yelizwe lethu kwiindawo ezimbini: ngaphambi nangemva. Nangona kukho inguqu enobungqina kunye neyona nto iguqukayo, uAlexandria uMninimzi-Liberator wayengenakuqinisekisa ukuba ukhuseleko lobomi bakhe. Kodwa kunjalo, yintoni eyamshukumisela ukuba athathe isinyathelo esinjalo?

Ukupheliswa kweesfowuni: ngokufutshane ngezizathu kunye neemfuno ezifunekayo

Ngoko, njengoko kwaziwa, uMlawuli uAlexander II wenyuka etroneni ngexesha leminye yemfazwe, ebonisa ukuba ilizwe lifuna ukuguqulwa okukhulu. Esi sizathu sokuqala - iMfazwe yaseCrimea, nokuba yintoni isiphumo sayo. Ngendlela, ukuqonda ukuba iRashiya idinga ukuhlaziywa kwexesha langoku ibe yinye yeziphumo zeli xesha. Okwesibini, siyakwazi ukuphazamiseka kwenkqubo ye-feudal kuluntu ngokubambisana nokunyuka koqoqosho. Okwesithathu, ebudeni belo xesha kwakukho ukuxhatshazwa kwezenhlalakahle, okungeke kwenzeke kodwa kube sisiseko senguqu eqhubekayo. Ngaloo ndlela, izizathu zokupheliswa kweesfowuni (oludweliswe ngokufutshane) zibeka phezulu kwaye zazingenakunakwa. Oku kuphakamisa ukuba ukuguqulwa kwexesha kuye kwadlula ixesha elide. Ngokubhekiselele kwimibandela eyongezelelweyo, baquka ukubuyela emuva kwezobugcisa kunye nokuphuhliswa kwamashishini, kwishishini elinzima, kunye nemveliso ephantsi kakhulu yomsebenzi.

Ukuqedwa kweseshishini: ngokufutshane malunga nenkqubela yokuguqulwa

Kwakunzima ukuphumeza utshintsho olunzulu kwisakhiwo sentlalo, kodwa uAlexander II wanquma kule nyathelo. Ngaloo mva, ngo-1858, wabiza ukudalulwa kweeKomiti (inkulu kunye nommandla kumaphondo), apho zonke iindlela ezikhoyo zokuphuhlisa le ngcamango ziya kuqwalaselwa. Emva kokuba zonke iingxaki zahlaziywa, emva konyaka iKomishoni Ekhethekileyo yasungulwa, eyayihlelela kwakhona amalungiselelo kwakhona kwaye yabalwa ingozi. Ukongezelela, ekuhambeni kwexesha lokuguqulwa, iBhunga likarhulumente le nguqu isekelwe, enika imvume yalo yokuphunyezwa. Kwaye, njengoko kuyaziwa, ngoFebruwari 19 waloo nyaka unomdumo ogqwesileyo uphuma, uvakalisa abantu baseRashiya ukususela ngoku ngokukhululekileyo.

Ukuqedwa kweseshishini: ngokufutshane ngentsingiselo

Ukubaluleka kwesi senzo esivulekileyo sikaAlexandro II kwakukho kumalungiselelo alandelayo:

• Ukuqulunqwa kwemarike enkulu yabasebenzi.
• Isinyathelo esikhulu sithathwe ekudalweni koluntu kuluntu.
• Ukuphuhliswa koqoqosho kunye nokubuyiselwa kwemali kuye kwaphela.
• Ukulwa nokungalingani kweklasi kuqalile.

Ukongezelela, kukho iingongoma ezimbi kuloluhlu. Ngokomzekelo, umhlaba omncinci onomhlaba, ngenxa yerhafu eninzi, ukukhula kwentlupheko yentlalo ngenxa yokunganeliseki kwabanikazi bezindlu, ukungaqondakali kwengqondo kwabasimilileyo inkululeko.

Ngaloo ndlela, ukupheliswa kwe-serfow ngo-1861, ngokuchazwe ngokufutshane ngasentla, kwakuyinyathelo lokuqala kwixesha elide nelide lokuguqulwa okukhulu kwe-Aleksandriya uMkhululi, kuba nguye owanika abantu inkululeko namalungelo.