Ilizwe lokuqala nkulu. amazwe nkulu yangaphambili. uphuhliso loqoqosho lwamazwe nkulu

Ngexesha leMfazwe Yomlomo ilizwe yobungxowankulu United States wamelana urhulumente Soviet yali. Ukruthakruthwano phakathi iimbono ezimbini wakha ngokusekelwe lwezixokelelwano zabo kwezoqoqosho kuye kwabangela iminyaka ingxabano. Ukuwa eSoviet Union kumakishwa kuphela isiphelo sexesha, kodwa kwawa imodeli yali kwezoqoqosho. republic eSoviet, ngoku owayesakuba - kumazwe nkulu, phofu ngendlela yayo enyulu.

Igama Scientific and ingqiqo

Capitalism inkqubo nezoqoqosho lisekelwe kubumnini wabucala iindlela zemveliso kunye nokusebenzisa kwabo ngenxa yenzuzo. State kule meko ayizi awabe impahla akambeki amaxabiso zabo. Kodwa oku ityala efanelekileyo.

USA - phambili ilizwe wongxowankulu. Noko ke, yena akabi ukusebenzisa ingqiqo ngendlela yayo became xa kusenziwa ukususela Great Depression ka-1930, xa amanyathelo kuphela nzima keynsiansianskie ukuyiqala uqoqosho emva kwentlekele. Uninzi ilizwe musa ukuthembela kuphela uphuhliso lwabo imithetho emarikeni usebenzise izixhobo yocwangciso kunye kwebhola. Noko ke, ukususela koku, bona ndingayeki ukuba zongxowankulu indalo.

inguqu IMVELAPHI

Uqoqosho kwamazwe nkulu eyakhelwe-siseko efanayo, kodwa elowo kubo awohluke yayo. Ukusuka kwesinye isimo ukuya kwesinye kuya kwahluka iqondo yommiselo kwimarike, imigaqo-nkqubo zentlalo, imiqobo ukhuphiswano simahla, isabelo kumashishini abucala wemiba kwimveliso. Ngoko ke ukuchonga imifuziselo eziliqela yongxowankulu.

Noko ke, kufuneka kuqondwe ukuba ngamnye kubo Isakhiwo kwezoqoqosho. Yonke lizwe nkulu ihamba yodwa, yaye iimpawu ezingaguquguqukiyo kukuhamba kwexesha. Kubalulekile ke ngoko ukuba akuwuqiqi nje imodeli yaseBritani, kunye neentlobo ukuba, umzekelo, waye lifana ithuba eliphakathi kwe lokuQala nakoLwesibini World Wars.

izigaba ukubunjwa

Le nguqulelo feudalism ukuya kobungxowankulu wathabatha amakhulu aseNtshona. Kungenzeka, ange kwaqhubeka nokuba elide, ukuba kungabi ngenxa revolution yongxowankulu. Ngoko kwakukho lizwe lokuqala yobungxowankulu - Netherlands. Kubekho revolution emfazweni inkululeko. Sinako bathi oku ngenxa yokuba emva kokukhululwa kwidyokhwe isithsaba baseSpeyin kweli lizwe wayengekho emantloko yezikhulu feudal kunye sabasebenzi zasezidolophini kunye noohlohlesakhe zorhwebo.

Ukuguqulwa eNetherlands ezweni yongxowankulu kwavusa kakhulu lwalo lokukhawulelana nophuhliso. Apha, exchange yokuqala zemali ivula. Kuba eNetherlands kwinkulungwane ngayo XVIII yaba bade bamandla ayo, imodeli uqoqosho eshiya ngasemva uqoqosho feudal ye kwamazwe aseYurophu.

Noko ke, kungekudala iqala yayikukuphuphuma eyinkunzi eNgilani, apho kukho kwakhona iqela revolution yongxowankulu. Kodwa kukho umfuziselo owahlukileyo. Endaweni yonaniselwano, kugxininiswa capitalism mveliso. Noko ke, enkulu eYurophu nangoku wobukhosi.

Ilizwe yesithathu apho capitalism luyazigwagwisa, abe-United States of America. Kodwa French Revolution kutshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo siko feudalism yaseYurophu.

iimpawu ezibalulekileyo

Uphuhliso kumazwe zongxowankulu - ibali ukufumana ingeniso engakumbi. abelwa njani na, ukuba yenye into. Ukuba urhulumente wongxowankulu uyakwazi ukwandisa imveliso yayo yasekhaya, oko kubizwa ngokuba yimpumelelo.

Unga kuqaqambisa mpawu zilandelayo yenkqubo yoqoqosho:

• Isiseko yoqoqosho - lo ukuveliswa kwempahla kunye neenkonzo, kwakunye neminye imisebenzi yorhwebo. Labour exchange iimveliso ayikho phantsi enyanzelekile, kodwa imarike free apho isicelo imithetho ukhuphiswano.
• ubunini wabucala indlela kwimveliso. Inzuzo bangamalungu abanini bazo kwaye zingasetyenziswa ngokwengqiqo yabo.
• Umthombo izinto ezilungileyo ebomini umsebenzi. Kwaye akukho namnye ukusebenza kwaye akanyanzeli nabani na. Abahlali yamazwe yongxowankulu usebenzela imali, ngazo bakwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zabo.
• ukulingana Legal kunye nenkululeko lweshishini.

imihlobo capitalism

Practice usoloko wenza uhlengahlengiso le ngcamango. Le uhlobo lwezoqoqosho nkulu iyahluka ukusuka kwelinye ilizwe ukuya kwelinye. Oku kungenxa umlinganiselo kwipropati yabucala kunye noluntu, umthamo umphakathi, ukufumaneka amagalelo nezinto ekrwada. Ukukhupha amasiko abantu umkhondo wayo, inkolo, imithetho kunye neemeko zokusingqongileyo.

iintlobo ezine capitalism kungathiwa:

• Oluphucukileyo okufana yamazwe aseYurophu Western kunye United States.
• capitalism Oligarchic likhaya Latin America, eAfrika Asia.
• Mafia (clan) ekuso kumazwe amaninzi kweminquba yali.
• Capitalism ngokundibamba ubudlelwane feudal ixhaphake kumazwe Muslim.

capitalism ephucukile

Kufuneka ngoko nangoko kuphawulwe ukuba ezi zilwanyana ukuba ungumlinganiswa onjani na umgangatho. Ngokwembali, capitalism nje oluphucukileyo wabonakala kuqala. Eyona uphawu le modeli ukwenziwa oonyana ngokubanzi zobuchwepheshe obutsha kunye nokudalwa sikhokelo olubanzi lomthetho. uphuhliso loqoqosho kwamazwe nkulu ukuba balandele ngqo le modeli yeyona ezinzileyo kwaye ngobuchule. Oluphucukileyo capitalism uphawu of Western eYurophu, USA, Canada, New Zealand, eOstreliya, South Korea, Taiwan ne Turkey.

Okubangel 'umdla kukuba China ufakwa kule modeli, kodwa phantsi kwesikhokelo Communist Party. A isici esasenza capitalism oluphucukileyo kumazwe Nordic liqondo eliphezulu zokukhusela intlalo yabemi.

uhlobo oligarchic

Latin America, eAfrika Asia badla ilifa umzekelo kumazwe. Noko ke, inyaniso kukuba elikomkhulu bakuzo ezimbalwa oligarchs elinesibini. Nabokugqibela ukufuna ukwazisa ubugcisa ezintsha kunye nokudalwa-sikhokelo olubanzi lomthetho. Bona banomdla kuphela iyileyo naleyo. Ngokuthe ngcembe, kunjalo, le nkqubo usaqhubeka, yaye capitalism oligarchic ngcembe uqalisa ukutshintsha ibe ephucukile. Nangona kunjalo, oku kuthatha ixesha.

Ukukhula kobungxowankulu kumazwe post-Soviet

Emva kokuwa yiSoviet Union ngoku simahla kwiriphabliki sele iqalisile ukwakha uqoqosho ukuqonda kwabo. Society kwakufuneka utshintsho nzulu. Emva kokuwa kwenkqubo yali, bonke kwakufuneka ukuqala ngokutsha. amazwe Post-eSoviet baye baqala lokusekwa amanyathelo okuqala - capitalism ezingaphucukanga.

Ngexesha amaxesha Soviet, ipropati yonke waba ezandleni kwamazwe. Ngoku, ke, ukuba kuyimfuneko ukuba ukudala lomgangatho wongxowankulu. Ngeli xesha baqale ulwaphulo-mthetho kunye namaqela olwaphulo yayo iinkokheli ngoko kuya kuba kuthiwa oligarchs. Bona ngokusebenzisa ukunyoba uxinzelelo lwezopolitiko abamba isixa esikhulu kwempahla. Ngoko ke, inkqubo capitalisation kumazwe post-eSoviet hlukile ukungangqinelani nokungalawuleki. Emva kwexesha elithile, ngeli thuba ngaphezulu, i-sikhokelo esemthethweni iya kuba comprehensive. Emva koko ke sithethe ngaloo capitalism lokubekana iye yaguquka yaba ephucukile.

Kuluntu Muslim

Eyona uphawu olu guqulelo lwe ubungxowankulu kukugcina karhulumente kumgangatho ophezulu wobomi kubemi intengiso izibonelelo zendalo ezifana oyile. Uphuhliso Wide ifumana ishishini lemigodi kuphela, abanye zithengwa eYurophu, i-US nakwamanye amazwe. Ubudlelane lwemveliso kumazwe Muslim badla akwakhelwa njongo imithetho yezoqoqosho, kodwa eziyimithetho elifuna.