UNikolay Zabolotsky: biography, ubuchule

Silver Age banika ihlabathi kumnyele elimangalisayo neembongi. Akhmatova, Hope, Tsvetaeva, Gumilev, Blok ... Ingaba kukho ixesha engaqhelekanga enjalo, nokuba iphela okomzuzwana gaga aphoswe imfundiso amathuba yi ukuqondana Amazing. Kodwa kunjalo, ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini - ixesha kwezitakantlantsi, izitakantlantsi ehlabathini kwimibongo Russian. Stars kwabaneka waphuma, eshiya imihobe - adumileyo kunye akunjalo.

angaziwa eyaziwa Z

Omnye wababhali ezininzi underrated ixesha - i Z. imbongi N. Wonke umntu uyazi ukuba Akhmatova - yingqondi, kodwa wonke umntu azazi kwimibongo yakhe. Kunjalo iibhloko okanye Tsvetaeva. Kodwa nobuchule Zabolockij bazi phantse yonke into - kodwa abaninzi bengazi ukuba lo Z. "Zatselovali, bathakathiwe, kunye umoya endle ...", "umphefumlo kufuneka basebenze ..." yaye "Kotja, kotenka, Kotok ...". Konke oku - Zabolotskiy uNikolay Alekseevich. Le mibongo abe usiba lwayo. Baya uhlanga, baba iingoma kunye ngaphambi kokuba abantwana, igama lombhali liye laba Okusemthethweni eyolukileyo. Kwelinye icala - isibhengezo kakhulu enyanisekileyo uthando zonke kunokwenzeka. On the enye - a engenabulungisa kumbhali.

iprozi imbongi

Undiqalekisele undervaluation sichaphazele kuphela imibongo wembongi, kodwa enyanisweni ubomi bakhe. Bekusoloko "musa ziyalandela." Andizange ezingahambelaniyo nemigangatho, iimbono kunye namabhongo. Ukuze zezenzululwazi, waba kakhulu imbongi, imbongi - umFilisti kakhulu, ukuba nje oqhelekileyo - into mphuphi kakhulu. Umoya wakhe ayingqinelani umzimba wakhe. Blonde ukuphakama aphakathi, ngeenxa kunye ngokupheleleyo omeleleyo, Z anika imbonakalo kokuhlolisisa namandla. Indoda eqinileyo oselula kakhulu inkangeleko prosaic ayihambelani ingcamango imbongi oyinyaniso - sensitive, abasesichengeni kunye noko amnye ebantwini. Lwaye ke uninzi lwabantu kuphela babesazi close Z yakhe, baqonda ukuba phantsi le yangaphandle nabohanahaniso ukubaluleka kukho umntu ngokumangalisayo ethe, abanyanisekileyo ochwayithileyo.

ukuphikisana Z Infinite ngayo

Nditsho isangqa boncwadi, leyo kwaba uNikolay Alekseevich Zabolotsky, waba "ephosakeleyo,". Oberiuty - bokungabi nazintloni, risible, ngamazwi, kwabonakala inkampani ezininzi akafanelekanga ukuba umfana kakhulu. Ngelo xesha, Z yayinovelelwano tywaleni, kunye Oleynikov, kunye Vvedensky.

Enye ukungahambisani indida - kukhetho boncwadi Z kaThixo. Eyaziwa neembongi Soviet wamshiya diki. Andizange uyithande yaye baqonde okololiteraturnoy bume Akhmatova. Kodwa Ndandingonwabanga Ndandingonwabanga, syurrelistichny waseMelika Khlebnikov kwabonakala Zabolotsky imbongi olukhulu kakhulu.

Inqubo ye umntu, ngokungafaniyo ebuhlungu kunye imbonakalo yakhe, endleleni yakhe yobomi nkqu imvelaphi.

ebuntwaneni

Z wazalwa 24/04/1903 kwiphondo Kazan, Kizichesky zokuhlala. Uchithe ebuntwaneni bakhe kwiifama ezilalini. UYise - an ngcali ngomhlaba, unina - umfundisi yasemaphandleni. Bahlala kuqala kwiphondo Kazan, emva koko waya kwidolophana Sernur Vyatka kwiphondo. Ngoku ke Republic of Mari El. Kamva, abaninzi baphawula aksenti olwahluke ezisemantla, ligqobha indlu le ntetho yale mbongi - enyanisweni kwakukho uNikolay Zabolotsky zomthonyama. Ngobomi yalo mntu ngokusondeleyo edibene umsebenzi wakhe. Ukuthanda ilizwe, ukuhlonipha yabasebenzi umlimi, ochukumisa nomsa izilwanyana, ubuchule ukubaqonda - zonke Z zicime yobuntwana ilizwe lakhe.

Z waqala ukubhala umbongo ekuqaleni. Kwibakala wesithathu, yena 'epapashwe "kwijenali ngesandla, nayo imisebenzi yabo. Kwaye mna ukwenza kunye ngenkuthalo yakhe luphawu kunye nokhathalelo.

Xa ndandineminyaka elishumi, Z ndabhalisa kwisikolo real Urzhum. Kukho umdla omkhulu nje kuphela iincwadi ke, njengoko omnye unokulindela, kodwa chemistry, ukuzoba, imbali. emva kwezi zinto emiselwe ukhetho owenza uNikolay Zabolotsky. Biography imbongi igcinwe ezafa creative methane wophendlo ngokwayo. Ukufika e Moscow, waphuma ngoko nangoko ezimbini amandla university of Medicine and History and Philology. Kamva, wanyula amayeza kodwa bade bafunda apho zesiqingatha sonyaka. Kodwa ke ngo-1920, bahlala elikomkhulu, abafundi nzima ngaphandle uncedo. Ayikwazi ukumelana yokunqongophala kwemali, Z wabuyela Urzhum.

Imbongi isazi

Kamva, Z kodwa izidanga, kodwa Petrograd, kwikhosi "Language and Literature". Wabhala isihobe, kodwa ayizange ngqalelo italente yakhe. Ke kaloku, wayethetha ngayo imisebenzi yakhe ngelo xesha ibe buthathaka kwaye ngenxa imitative. Ambient wambona ukuba bafunde ngaphezu imbongi. Eneneni, isayensi iye yaba indawo eye unomdla uNikolay Zabolotsky. Biography imbongi besinokuba ezahlukeneyo ke ukuba wenza isigqibo ngangenini versification, kunye nophando lwenzululwazi, elithe ebezisoloko usitya.

Emva koqeqesho, Z wayilwa sokungena emkhosini. Ebudeni inkonzo, waba lilungu lebhodi umhleli wephephandaba udonga regimental yaye bayazingca kakhulu koko ukuba eyona okwilizwe.

Z eMoscow

Ngowe-1927, kodwa Z wabuyela eMoscow, ukusuka apho iminyaka esixhenxe eyadlulayo waya ukuphoxeka okukhulu. Kodwa ngoku kwakungasekho umfundi, imbongi oselula. Z elaqala ubomi rap zoncwadi kwesihloko. Waya ke iingxoxo kunye nasebusuku isihobe, waya kutya cafe odumileyo apho iimbongi baba ivame eMoscow.

Ngeli xesha ezithandwa zoncwadi ka Z ekugqibeleni kwakhiwa. Weza kwisigqibo sokuba izibongo kufuneka kube nje ngumfanekiso iimvakalelo yombhali. Hayi, kwivesi kufuneka ukuthetha ngezinto ezibalulekileyo izinto tye! Indlela izimvo ngemibongo edityaniswe uthando bobuchule Khlebnikov - imfihlakalo. Kodwa Zabolotskii bakhe bakholwa kuphela imbongi kwexesha, ufanelwe ukukhunjulwa mva.

Z waba indibanisela elimangalisayo gaka. Waye wayengusosayensi ngomoya, izenzo kunye nokunganyanzelisi nto ukuya kutsho kumongo. Nomdla kwimathematika, ibhayoloji, ngeenkwenkwezi, ukufunda amaphepha enzululwazi phezu kwezi zifundo. bayilibale bulumko yakhe isebenza Tsiolkovsky, Z wada wangena imbalelwano kunye umbhali, kokuxoxa ngobhalo cosmogony. Kwathi ngelo xesha ukuba ezifayo, ombambazelayo, imbongi ngokweemvakalelo, ukubhala izibongo, ezingenakuphela kude ukoma zemfundo.

Le ncwadi yokuqala

Kwaba ngoko ukuba uluhlu lwamalungu Oberiu kwakukho elinye igama - uNikolay Zabolotsky. Biography kanye umsebenzi lo mntu afakelwe ngokusondeleyo isangqa neembongi kunye nabavelisi zimvo. Eyinqaba, abangaqhelekanga, isimbo engenangqondo of oberiutov ngokudibene abacinga zemfundo Z kunye novakalelo olunzulu kuvumela ukwenza imisebenzi entsonkothileyo ezininzi.

Ngowe-1929 wapapasha incwadi yokuqala Z - "Columns". Yeha, iimpapasho japan kwakukho abagxeki kuphela ukuhlekwa ukunganeliseki kunye nabasemagunyeni esemthethweni. Ngethamsanqa kuba Z kaThixo, akukho imiphumela emibi kwalo ungquzulwano nje nge urhulumente zange abe. Ngoko ke, emva kokuba "Inkwenkwezi" hlelo le ncwadi epapashwe kulindixesha, yaye izinto esele zenziwe ngenxa ncwadi elandelayo. Ngelishwa, le ncwadi yemibongo kwaye ke sele ungenile ayisashicilelwa. A wave entsha intshutshiso ukuba imbongi ukuba ushiye iphupha lokushicilela.

UNikolay Alekseevich Zabolotsky waqalisa ukusebenza kwi uhlobo uncwadi labantwana kwiijenali, apho wayephatha Marshak - ngelo xesha kulo mzobo lemfundo ebaluleke kakhulu.

Imisebenzi translation

Ukongeza, Z waqalisa ukwenza iinguqulelo. "The Knight kwi Skin i Panther kaThixo" isekhona eziqhelekileyo kubafundi na uguqulelo lwe Z ngayo. Ukongeza, yena yaguqulelwa yaza amagama iincwadi zabantwana "Gargantua and Pantagruel", "Ade Eulenspiegel" kunye necandelo "Uhambo Gulliver kaThixo" omnye.

Marshak, umguquleli inombolo 1 ilizwe kakhulu umsebenzi Z kaThixo. Ngelo xesha ke imbongi waqalisa ukusebenza ngomhla ukuguqulelwa Old Slavonic "Lay." Yaba umsebenzi omkhulu owenziwe abanetalente ngokungaqhelekanga ndikunyibilikise ngokufezekileyo.

Z oluguqulelweyo kunye Alberto Saba, imbongi encinane-owaziwa Italian eSoviet Union.

umshado

Ngowe-1930 watshata uCatherine Z fang. abahlobo Oberiuty wathetha kakhulu zakhe ezinothando. Nkqu abuhlungu Kharms kunye Oleynikov baye bathabatheka intombazana cwaka-ethe.

ubomi Z kunye nomsebenzi ezazixhunyaniswe ngokusondeleyo kunye nalo mfazi emangalisayo. Z akazange abe zizityebi. Ngaphezu koko, waba sisweli, maxa wambi ziphum 'abasweleyo. imali encane ayifiki Itoliki ukuba intsapho. Kwaye yonke le minyaka n Klykova yaxhasa le mbongi kuphela. Ingeniswa ngokupheleleyo izintso karhulumente usapho, ungaze ngokuxambulisana naye yaye akazange ingcikivo. Nkqu abahlobo entsapho baba ukuzinikela nqa kwabasetyhini, siphawule ukuba kukho xa kukho ukuzinikela enjalo into Kungokwemvelo. Ndlela ekhaya, izigqibo encinane kwezoqoqosho - konke oku imisela Z. kuphela

ukumbamba

Ngoko xa ngowe-1938 imbongi wabanjwa, ubomi canine wawa. Yonke iminyaka emihlanu entolongweni yendoda yakhe yena ndayichitha Urzhum yindlala kakhulu.

Z watyholwa imisebenzi anti-eSoviet. Phezu kwayo nje imibuzo elide amandla kunye nokuhlukunyezwa, ukuthi lasayina indictments, abawazanga loo ubukho mbutho anti-eSoviet yaye akazange ayikhankanye nayiphi na amalungu olukrokrelwayo. Mhlawumbi le nto kusindiswa ngobomi bakhe. Isigwebo amabanjwa kweminquba, kunye Z wachitha iminyaka emihlanu Vostoklage, ibekwe Komsomolsk-on-Amur. Apho, kwiimeko ngokungenabuntu, Z inxaxheba ukhutshelo enkondlo "Lay." Njani ke ukuba achaze imbongi - ukugcina wena njengomntu, musa liwele karhulumente apho sele akunakwenzeka ukuba ukudala.

kwiminyaka yakutshanje

Ngowe-1944, lo gama luphazamisekile, kunye Z uye wafumana iwonga i ekuthinjweni. Iminyaka wahlala kummandla zeAltai, ufikile apho kunye nenkosikazi yakhe kunye nabantwana, emva koko waya Kazakhstan. Lawo amaxesha nzima intsapho. Ukungabikho emsebenzini, imali, ukungakhuseleki ongunaphakade kunye noloyiko. Boyika sokubanjwa kwakhona, woyika ukuba ikhatyelwe ngaphandle kwezindlu okwethutyana, ndoyika yonke into.

Ngowe-1946, Z ubuyela eMoscow. Uhlala nabahlobo, zuza iinguqulelo, ubomi uqalisa ukwakha kancinane. Kwaye ke yenzeka enye intlekele. Nomkakhe, ngamabona abanyanisekileyo umfazi esingelwe ngenkalipho iye yasinda bonke ubunzima kunye imithwalo, ngesiquphe oya kwesinye. Kungcatsha ukoyika ngenxa ubomi babo okanye ubomi babantwana, ayisebenzi kude ubuhlwempu kunye nonxunguphalo. Nje le minyaka imashumi mane aneminyaka esithoba ubudala Umfazi uya komnye umntu. Kwalo Z kaThixo. Abanekratshi, imbongi neqhayiya ebuhlungu wazibonela ukuwa ubomi bentsapho. ubomi Z zamnceda ibhanki. Yena saqonda Bacinga efuna phandle, ezama ukwenza okwimo ubukho eqhelekileyo. Anikele isandla sakho kunye intliziyo ezingaqhelekanga, enyanisweni, umfazi, yaye, ngokutsho Iingcinga ebendinazo abahlobo, nkqu ngokwakhe, yaye ifowuni. Ungxamile otshatileyo, ixesha elichithwa kunye umfazi omtsha wamshiya, kokususa umfazi wesibini ubomi bakhe nje. Yaba yena, hayi umfazi wakhe, enikelwe umbongo "Precious mfazi wam."

Z waya kusebenza. Uye oluguqulelweyo aneendyebo, waba odolo, yaye ekugqibeleni waqala ukufumana ngemfanelo. Wakwazi ukusinda ikhefu kunye nomfazi wayo - kodwa akaba nako ukusinda ababuyi. Xa uCatherine wabuyela Klykova Zabolockij uthe wahlaselwa yintliziyo. Kwiinyanga ezilishumi elinesibhozo emva, wayesifa, kodwa elo xesha likwazile ukubeka ukuze yonke imicimbi yakhe; ezibekwe isihobe, wabhala ukuthanda kwakhe. Wayeyindoda olunzulu ekufeni ngokunjalo ebomini. Ekupheleni ubomi imbongi bobabini imali nokuthandwa, kunye umdla womfundi. Kodwa akaba saba utshintshe nantoni na. impilo Z kaThixo kwajongela kweenkampu iminyaka yendlala, yaye intliziyo indoda endala ababa nakuma uxinzelelo olubangelwa iimvakalelo.

ukufa Z kwenzeka 14.10.1958 ngonyaka. Wafa endleleni eya sokuhlambela, apho wayeza ukuhlamba amazinyo akho. Oogqirha aqatha Zabolotsky Vuka, kodwa waba ngumntu kakuhle, kwaye nkqu isuntswana pedant ekhaya.