Ukukhutshwa indlela kaloliwe

Ukukhutshwa indlela - oku ke kuyingozi enkulu ukuya bakwaloliwe. ababekhwele apho basenokuba ubunzima. Yaye ke kwimeko enjalo ingozi kwi kwindawo ngelaphu ivaliwe. Ngoko ke yintoni na kwaye yintoni isizathu?

izibalo ezisemthethweni

Ngokutsho data esemthethweni esuka kwiSebe Imizila neZakheko Ministry of Railways ye Russian Federation, ukususela 1998 ukusa kowama-2001, asithoba uloliwe zingonakalisa kwi iVolga, East Siberian, North Caucasus, eMoscow kunye neendlela South-East sabangela licandelo ukukhululwa ngelaphu kololiwe. Yonke le ngozi yenzeke kwixesha ukususela kwintsimbi iiyure ezili-16 ukususela ku-Apreli ukuya kuSeptemba.

Deformations kuhamba loyilo ngumntu kaloliwe rhoqo nge welding, komzila P65. Phantsi ingubo abeke sleepers eziphathekayo, zokulinganisa ilitye batyumke. Iingozi phezu ukuzolula tye indlela, yaye kwakukho amatyala amabini kuphela ezigoso setyhula kunye owela ngaphakathi kwama-m 400 ukuya 650.

Kuba uhlalutyo epheleleyo izizathu ekuweni ulwazi oluyimfuneko malunga nemeko lobuchwepheshe indlela kunye neeyunithi ze kaloliwe, aphazamisa. Izixhobo ze-Ofisi yoMphathiswa of Railways yezi data ayifumaneki. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuba le ndlela ukukhutshwa kwenzeka ekupheleni uloliwe, kodwa hayi phambi kwakhe, kwaye zonke iindibano iinqwelo kanye ngenxa yesi sizathu.

Le mizekelo ibonisa ukuba ngokuwa oololiwe ngenxa oku kwenzeka kwixesha elizayo. Amanyathelo kufuneka athathwe ukuthintela indlela ukukhutshwa kololiwe.

Ukukhutshwa indlela - ntoni na?

Kukho iindidi ezininzi kwiimpazamo kaloliwe kwingoma: Imveliso, ubugqwetha, yegadi, ubusela.

Ukukhutshwa indlela - oku ke Ngenxa yokwanda ntshikilelo naLindiili kunye yokumpompoza ezizenzekelayo. uxinzelelo thermal - uhlobo lwe ntshikilelo ngomatshini, olwenzeka xa unikezelo lobushushu non-uniform. Xa ntshikilelo esiqinileyo okunjalo kwenzeka ngenxa uxhotyiso olunyiniweyo ukwanda okanye ucinezelo ezinye imizimba. Ngokukhethekileyo, kululwa okanye ukuncipha welungu kaloliwe kunye nokuthintela laths uxhathiso kwi isekela.

Xa ubude eshushu wayeza ziye zanda isixa esithile ngokungqinelana ne-thermal nokwandiswa ukungavumelani kwe ngentsimbi. Ngako oko, kuya kuncipha na ukuhla. Kuba utshintsho enjalo izikhewu kumaziko phakathi naLindiili. Ukuba deformation elula yakutshanje ngakumbi okanye ivaliwe. Ngenxa yoko, ebusika nga ndandisisigculelo benga iibholiti zasehlotyeni - uzinzo lombane ukungathobeli kaloliwe.

Ubushushu ejection umendo -. BeDrama, kuba ngexesha lemizuzwana malunga 0.2, ugobile komzila wenethiwekhi ngamaza eziliqela cm-30 ukuya kuma-50, nto leyo eyenzeka kwi-moya tyaba kumgama 40 m chippings Kwangaxeshanye saa, sleepers inxalenye uphuphu. NaLindiili ukuba angakulungeli ukusetyenziswa ngakumbi njengokuba likhubazeke ngokusisigxina.

Indlela yokuphepha?

Ukuthintela ejection lweengoma jointless bagcine iimeko ubushushu xa elungiselela kwingoma kaloliwe. Ngoko ke, ubukhulu umsantsa lempundu kufuneka ifakwe kwi ukuxhomekeka olungqongqo kwi zokufudumeza blade. Xa isabelo phakathi ngokuqhubekayo kaloliwe welding umkhondo isabhokhwe ukugogeka. Kuphela iziphelo nga iyanqanyulwa okanye elide. Ingozi leyo kwenzeka inxalenye umile komzila wenethiwekhi izimele ubude okanye uhlobo kaloliwe.

utshintsho kubangela kwamaqondo obushushu. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, eli ngololiwe isabhokhwe ukulungiswa kunye uluhlu lobushushu. Kugcine kubalwa kuxhomekeke kwindlela uzinzo kunye namandla komzila wenethiwekhi. okubangelwa avumelekile ucinezelo kunye nengxabano kunxibelelana utshintsho obushushu. Kukho afanayo ezikhethekileyo, nto leyo ukumisela ubuncinane lobushushu eliphezulu. Umsebenzi kufuneka wenziwe kubushushu komzila wenethiwekhi okuhambelana lesithathu eliphezulu lokuphumla abaliweyo. Ukuba iimeko ziyahluka ukusuka ubude kaloliwe imbaleki elilelona kuyahlukahlukana tensioner compulsorily hydraulic. Ngaloo kaloliwe esaziswa lobushushu oyifunayo.

kwezimo

Ukuba ubalwe uluhlu lobushushu ngezantsi-10 ° C okanye awunayo, ukusetyenziswa koko kaloliwe kuphela kunokwenzeka kunye yamanzi ombane ngamaxesha athile.

Ukuze wenze oku, kufuneka uqhoboshele ngokulinganisa imvubu. Kwezoyilo ezinjalo, naLindiili singavalwa athile ukuya elide okanye elifutshane. Unakho ukusebenzisa izixhobo ngokulinganisa.

uphando

Ihlabathi wabona ngokukhululwa indlela umanyano. Abantu sele sijamelene kunye neziphumo. ERashiya, omnye amasebe Samara GUPS wakha wegqitha uvavanyo ukuma apho abafundi benze ukuba zilinganisa indlela ukukhutshwa, nto leyo ibaluleke kakhulu ngenxa isifundo kule meko buhlungu. University Training polygon iquka ubude umgca kaloliwe ka-70 m kunye oyi negophe we-400 m. Ngoncedo iisilinda hydraulic lungenza imithwalo eetoni ukuya ku-300, ukucwangcisa izinto ezinxaxhileyo ezahlukeneyo umxholo kaloliwe kwingoma kunye kwirekhodi, phantsi kwazo naziphi na iimeko umthwalo kunye mhlobo kwenzeka. Xa le nkqubo lwenzeka xa ukwakhiwa lokwenene.