Yezimali kunye nenkqubo-mali karhulumente: imiba engundoqo yobudlelwane

I zemali inkqubo karhulumente - a ubudlelwane yorhwebo-mali lwamaqumrhu kwezoqoqosho kwicandelo zemali kunye amalungelo alo kunye nezibophelelo.

inkqubo yezimali eRashiya yinkqubo equka yezimali yesizwe nawommandla, amaqumrhu zemali kunye nemali abemi abaqhelekileyo.

Icandelo ngalinye nkqubo umsebenzi othile, njengoko zinoxanduva nokusebenza ubudlelwane ezithile entsimini ezezimali.

Umzekelo, umsebenzi imali yesizwe ukuqokelelela kwezibonelelo zemali nakwimo kunye nolwalathiso zokulahla, ukuba kuyimfuneko, okanye, ngokutsho ibhajethi evunyiweyo, ukuze sizokubanakho ukuhlawula iinkqubo zentlalo kunye nezinye iimfuno karhulumente. Ukuqulunqwa kwale mthombo kwingeniso karhulumente ngokuncama yengeniso yerhafu, imali efunyenwe uthengiso lwamaqumrhu karhulumente kunye nemali karhulumente. Njengenxalenye izimali zelizwe zenziwe: le mali federal, imali karhulumente kunye inshorensi, kwakunye federal imali mali. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba malunga nama-50% ye-GDP lisasazwe ngabo kumazwe aphuhlileyo. Kananjalo uhlobo ngesixhobo ukukhuthaza umsebenzi ishishini kunye nabadlali kwezoqoqosho.

Ibhajethi federal lunikwe uthelekisa ingeniso kunye neenkqubo nenkcitho kwi kwinqanaba karhulumente, ekufuneka yamkelwe ngumthetho. Isakhiwo imali kunye neendleko emiselwe ulwalathiso nkqubo yezentlalo noqoqosho karhulumente.

Inkqubo yemali karhulumente kuxhomekeke zonke iinguqu kwimisebenzi yayo, enoba isiphithiphithi zezopolitiko okanye imeko ezahlukeneyo zentlalo-qoqosho.

Le nkqubo yezemali urhulumente akakwazi ukusebenza kakuhle ngaphandle ngemali indawo, leyo eyenzelwe ukuba enze imisebenzi efana naleyo nezesizwe ngokubanzi yezimali, kodwa umahluko enye kuphela - kule iiyunithi zolawulo ngamnye self-ukulawula. Ziqulethe mali extra-mali kunye nohlahlo indawo. nokudaleka oluqhutywa phaya ngokuncama iirhafu zasekuhlaleni kunye nemirhumo, mboleko zasekuhlaleni, izohlwayo, zokungcakaza kunye neminye imithombo.

Njengoko kuboniswe ngasentla, inkqubo yezimali urhulumente ubandakanya icandelo ezifana kumaqumrhu zoshishino nezemali. Ukuqulunqwa kwale umbane ngenxa kwingeniso kunye lokuhla kwicandelo loshishino.

Inkqubo lwemali nemigaqo-nkqubo yezemali kurhulumente abe nolwalamano olusondeleyo nabanye. Zama ukuqonda - njani na ulwalamano lwabo.

Ngoko ke, lo mgaqo-mali karhulumente - iseti amanyathelo zaphunyezwa ukuba ajolise ekuphumezeni iinjongo ichazwe ngu amagunya karhulumente kwisigaba zemali. Kungenxa yale nkqubo zixeliweyo eyona mithombo iphambili le ukubunjwa kunye nemiyalelo kwisigaba zentlalo kwezibonelelo zemali.

Enye yeendlela-nkqubo yezemali kukusekwa yindlela esebenzayo zemali, awanyakazela ngayo umsebenzi karhulumente entsimini ezezimali. Apha siyakwazi ukubona ukuba inkqubo yemali karhulumente ngesixhobo, okanye inxalenye womatshini zemali. Ngapha koko, isiseko sale nkqubo isekelwe phezu izibonelelo zemali ukuze kwakhiwe leyo nkqubo ojongene karhulumente. Kwakhona amacandelo zalo ezingundoqo ziquka iindlela zokubumba Finance (structure of ingeniso), inkqubo yezomthetho, unoxanduva lokuqulunqa kakuhle lungeniselo mali kunye neenkcitho.

Kakade ke, eli nqaku bekuya kuba njengezingaphelelanga ukuba ngaba phambili umgaqo-mali karhulumente. Okokuqala, lo mgaqo-nkqubo kufuneka azame wakhe malilungiselelwe zenene yomthetho. Okwesibini, urhulumente ngoncedo lwe-nkqubo esebenzayo karhulumente kufuneka ibe ukufumana i "indawo ephakathi" elubalweni - eyiyo umthwalo werhafu , ndawonye ukusebenza ngokukuko inkqubo yerhafu. Okwesithathu, ukuphucula ukusebenza imigaqo-nkqubo karhulumente kufuneka ukuba bacwangcise baze liqikelele ulwalathiso ukusetyenziswa kwenkqubo yezemali.