Imali ephuma - izizathu. imali ephuma - Statistics

Ingxaki ukuthunyelwa imali kwisihloko kushushu ukuba amazwe asakhulayo kwezoqoqosho. ephuma Imali evela lizwe phantse usoloko injongo enye - ukunika ingeniso ngaphezulu kwelinye ilizwe.

ephumayo Capital: Oonobangela

Ukuze siqonde indlela ekungeneni-outflow of capital, kuyimfuneko ukuchonga oonobangela cash nokuthumela:

1. Ukungabikho of a ratio siwenze phakathi kwemali kunye ifunwa kakhulu, nto leyo ekhokelela ekubeni nokwanda ngokugqithiseleyo yemali. Ngoko ke, bekuya kuba kusengqiqweni ukuthutha ukuba apho kukho imfuneko, kwaye kusenokwenzeka ukuba ufumane izahlulo elungileyo.
2. Ukungabikho kokhuphiswano imveliso yomkhosi.
3. izinto zitshiphu ezifunekayo ekwenziweni imveliso.
4. isimo sivune ezoqoqosho kunye nezopolitiko kweli lizwe kunokwamkela.

Ukuba eminyaka embalwa edlulileyo eli lizwe ziye zohlulwa abo Rhweba ngaphakathi no Rhweba kwenkunzi, ukuba zenzeka namhlanje ngayo ilizwe kunokuba ngqo kunye kumazwe angaphandle, kwaye iqela nokufumana.

Types of movement capital

Yayikukuphuphuma capital kungaba zohlulwa ngokwendidi ezimbini, kuxhomekeke umthombo mali.

inhloko

Izibonelelo zemali yale hlobo ke elo ilifa karhulumente. Government okanye imibutho koorhulumente ngokwabo isigqibo nini, phi nanjani na nokutyala imali. Kusenokwenzeka-mboleko, imali-mboleko, elandelwa kweengeniso ngohlobo umdla ukusetyenziswa, okanye uncedo lwemali yamazwe ngamazwe.

capital yabucala

Olu shishino yahlukile kurhulumente ukuba imali Ungangenisa nawuphi na umntu yabucala okanye inkampani evela kwimithombo yayo, ezo nto zilawulwa ngurhulumente endaweni yayo. Kodwa ulawulo cash iqukiwe kwisakhono urhulumente phandle, xa bathe bayafihlwa abasemagunyeni ukuba ifihliwe. Kusenokuba, umzekelo, utyalo-mali kwimveliso lwangaphesheya into, lokuvula ngokuqinileyo yakhe, ubudlelwane zizodwa sithwele uhlobo lotyalo-mali olo.

outflow of Statistics eyinkunzi

Yayikukuphuphuma eyinkunzi evela eRashiya, Ngokwezibalo, kuyehla ukususela kunyaka ophelileyo. Loo ndawo ngokupheleleyo uyagwetyelwa ngokwasemisebenzini; bekuya kuba sengqiqweni ukuba unxulumanise yayikukuphuphuma eyinkunzi evela imeko lizwe yezoqoqosho kunye nokuzinziswa izinga lotshintshiselwano engange.

Ngokutsho kuqikellelo ye-Central Bank, yayikukuphuphuma eyinkunzi evela ilizwe ukuba ngaba sikhona $ 118 yezigidi zezigidi ngo-2015, kuthathelwa ingqalelo, dibanisa okanye thabatha $ 10 yezigidi zezigidi.

Ngokutsho kwe data, xa kuthelekiswa nencindi eyinkunzi kwiinyanga ezintathu zokuqala zonyaka ophelileyo, kulo nyaka kukho imeko iyathembisa. Wenza $ 33 yezigidi zezigidi., Njengoko kuchasene $ 47.7 yezigidi zezigidi. Kunyaka-2014 phantse 1.5 amaxesha ngaphantsi. Kwaye la manani kuya kuncipha. Ngoko ke, sihlelwe ukuthatha imali kwi mali $ 87 billion ngo-2016, yaye ngo-2017 -. Ukuze $ 80 yezigidi zezigidi.

Xa kwentwasahlobo kwalo nyaka, intloko yesebe Alexey Ulyukayev waphawula ukuba kuthe kwasala ukwayo ngamazwe aseNtshona, ephumayo eyinkunzi iza kuqhubeka.

imali Export ngo-2014 bafikelela sixa sikhulu ingxelo $ 150 ezigidi, nxamnye $ 61 billion ngo-2013 Ibhanki engundoqo, ugxininise kwiindleko Umphanda ioli, yenza kwingqikelelo yokuba zorhwebo imali iya kuba malunga $ 120 yezigidi kulo nyaka. Ukuba ixabiso imarike oyile ihlabathi liya angehla wokugxeka $ 40 159 eelitha zamafutha, kukho ukhetho ukwandisa ephumayo ikomkhulu $ 130 yezigidi zezigidi. ukuba ujonga nencindi eyinkunzi, manani zibonisa unxulumano ngqo phakathi iindleko oli ekrwada kunye nezimali kumazwe angaphandle.

Ngamanye amaxesha uyakwazi ukuva ukuba enyanisweni akukho imali kumazwe aphesheya, kodwa kukho kuphela lokufihla irhafu yaye, ngokoluvo kumazwe angaphandle, imali ekuhambeni kwexesha ukubuya.

Kumazwe kunye ekuphuhliseni uqoqosho na imeko kakhulu udla xa bobabini kwenzeka kunye nencindi kwenkunzi, futhi ukungenisa ngemali. Oku iphenjelelwa umehluko phakathi urhafiso iinkampani offshore ngu zimali bamazwe angaphandle kunye zasekhaya. Esinye isizathu ibe banal imali ngokungekho semthethweni.

Ingaba kuyimfuneko ukujongana nencindi eyinkunzi kunye njani?

iingcali abaninzi bakholelwa ngokwendalo ukuba esona sizathu siphambili nencindi capital na umtsalane esezantsi utyalo-mali ngumlimi ekhaya xa kuthelekiswa nabantu basemzini. Ukuze uqonde apho kwelo lizwe ekhaya okanye kumazwe aphesheya, nenzuzo nto ukutyala imali, kubalulekile ukuba uthathe ingqalelo umgangatho irhafu, imeko yezoqoqosho kweli lizwe, uzinzo izinga lotshintshiselwano kunye njalo njalo.

Bekuya kuba kufanelekile ukuba bazobe ukufana phakathi ukuthunyelwa eyinkunzi kunye ukuphepha imali yoluntu imali kwishishini kwempahla kweli lizwe. Yaye ngoxa amazwe liya kuba bume nomtsalane ngakumbi ukuba utyalo-mali, akuyi-mali kukwazi ukwenza utyalo-mali kuqoqosho lwengingqi.

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, yayikukuphuphuma zoluntu kufuneka inxulunyaniswe okuxhaphaza-mali ezifunyenwe ngeendlela mthetho, okanye irhafu ezingahlawulwanga. Wonke lo msebenzi mthethweni Iyandonwabisa umdla zamaqumrhu karhulumente ekulweni ulwaphulo-mthetho kwaye yandisa lokulawula ukuthunyelwa eyinkunzi.

Izizathu nencindi yeziphumo eyinkunzi

Ukuphapha eyinkunzi evela lizwe ilahleko zoqoqosho ezinzima kuye. Okokuqala wonke urhulumente uphelelwa izibonelelo zemali, leyo ngokwayo kunye nokuphuhlisa. Le mali iza imali imveliso yasekhaya, ukukhulisa uzinzo kwezoqoqosho lizwe "udakile" kwamanye amazwe.

Uvikivwa isibonelelo ubuncinane lwemali kwi Moscow Stock Exchange, obuquka ukusekwa ngeranti engange ngqiqweni nxamnye amazwe. Ukuba inxalenye izibonelelo zemali eziye zathathwa kumazwe angabamelwane ukuba abuyele umva, bekuya ukwandisa unikezelo imali kwaye uzinzise ngerandi.

Ukunqongophala kwezibonelelo zemali eziyimfuneko kakubi kuchaphazela umgangatho yengqesho kweli lizwe.

Ukungabikho Eyona isixa semali kujongela phantsi ubuchule yokugubungela engundoqo zangaphandle kwamatyala Russia kwaye akavumeli ukuba ahlawule inzala ngayo.

Zweni eyinkunzi ibonakala inkqubo eqhelekileyo kumgangatho karhulumente le, kulawulwa ngurhulumente kwinqanaba ukuthunyelwa kwempahla neenkonzo kunye nokudala amathuba emisebenzi. Kodwa xa idlula yonke imigaqo eyamkelekileyo, njengoko kwakunjalo ngo-2014, oku kubonisa ngokupheleleyo ukwehla imeko yezoqoqosho kweli lizwe, apho ithuba ezilahlekileyo utyalo-mali abavelisi basekhaya kweempahla kunye neenkonzo.

Okuya uba mkhulu umsantsa isixa imali kumazwe aphesheya, kuba nzima ukuxhathisa oku. Kwaye ke isisombululo kule ngxaki ayipheleli amanyathelo olawulo. Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukudala iimeko zotyalo kwilizwe lethu, nto leyo eya push abagcinisa ekuphuhliseni uqoqosho karhulumente, ukudala imisebenzi emitsha, kwaye hayi ukuba ukutyebisa amazwe angaphandle.