I wesithathu US Imam Hussein: biography

Enye nemisinga emibini ye Islam mihla Shi'ism. Imam Hussein ngomnye wabo bantu, zona zinxulunyaniswa ukuvela kwicala zonqulo. ubomi bakhe kungaba kakhulu umdla njengendoda elula esitratweni, nabantu abo ezinxulumene nemisebenzi yophando. Makhe sibone ukuba yintoni wazisa ihlabathi lethu Husayn ibn Ali oku.

yokuzalwa

Igama elipheleleyo ikamva Imam - Husayn ibn Ali ibn Abi Talib. Weza ephuma kwisebe le Hashemite Arab isizwe Quraish esasekwa uyise-mkhulu Hashim ibn Abd Manaf. Ukuba isebe enye yaba ngunozala i Islamic umprofeti Muhammad, leyo ewela Utatomkhulu ngexesha elifanayo Hussein likaThixo (koomama) kunye umalume (zooyise). Isixeko ephambili kwisizwe Quraish waba eMecca.

Abazali yesithathu US-Imam yaba Ali Ibn Abu Talib, ngubani umza uMprofeti uMuhammad, kwaye intombi Fatima wokugqibela. inzala yabo ibizwa ngokuba Alida kunye Fatimids. Ngaphandle Hussein, ukuba waphupha unyana omdala - Hassan.

Ngenxa yoko, Husayn ibn Ali yaba odume kunene, ngokutsho ngegalelo amaSilamsi, isini, ukuba kumnombo ngqo uMprofethi Muhammad.

Ukuzalwa nolutsha

Hussein wazalwa kunyaka wesine kwi Hegira (632) ngoxa kusapho Muhammad kunye nabaxhasi bakhe Medina emva indiza yakhe eMecca. Ngokutsho legend, uMprofeti wamnika igama, kwangaphambili ikamva enkulu, nokufa ezandleni amalungu sodidi lwe Umayyads. Iminyaka yokuqala unyana omnci ka Ali Ibn Abi Talib, phantse nto yaziwa, ukususela ngelo xesha waye emthunzini kayise wakhe kunye nomntakwabo omdala.

Le nkundla zembali Imam elandelayo Hussein kuphela emva kokufa umzalwana wakhe Hassan kunye likaCaliph Muawiya.

Ukuvela Shiism

Ngoku makhe sihlolisise indlela apho isebe Shiite ka-Islam, ngenxa yokuba lo mba kunxulumene ngokusondeleyo ubomi kunye nomsebenzi Hussein Ibn Ali.

Emva kokufa ungumprofeti amaSilamsi baqalisa ukuba anyulwe kwi intlanganiso yamadoda amakhulu. Yena enxibe isihloko likaCaliph kwaye unikwe onke amagunya zonqulo nezehlabathi. umbusi Okokuqala wayengomnye abancedisayo abakhulu Mohammed Abu Bakr. Kamva US akhanyele ukuba wagabadela amandla, ngokudlulisela Olwa esemthethweni - Ali Ibn Abi Talib.

Emva kokuba wobukumkani elifutshane Abu Bakr amabini ngaphezulu likaCaliph, nto leyo ngokwesiko obizwa ngokuba ulilungisa xa 661 umlawuli wehlabathi Islamic, ekugqibeleni wonyulelwa Ali Ibn Abi Talib, umzala kunye unyana nomthetho uMprofeti uMuhammad, uyise ikamva Imam Hussein.

Kodwa ke amandla ucaliph omtsha wenqaba ukuqaphela umlawuli waseSiriya, Mu'awiya of yomlibo Umayyads, obeyindoda isalamane ezikude Ali. Baqala enye kwenye ubudlova, leyo, Noko ke, akazange atyhile ophumeleleyo. Kodwa ekuqaleni konyaka 661 Halif Ali bulawa nabavukeli. unyana wakhe omdala Hassan wonyulwa njengoko umlawuli omtsha. Ebona ukuba angabi nako ukumelana Mu'awiya abanamava, Wazinikela amagunya, kunye nemeko ukuba emva kokufa yangaphambili irhuluneli umAram, uya kubuyela Hasan okanye inzala yakhe.

Noko ke, sele kunyaka 669 Hassan wafa e Medina, apho emva kokubulawa kukayise bafudukela kunye nomzalwana wakhe Hussein. Kuthathwa ukuba ukufa kwabangelwa yityhefu. Shiites ukubona kwabenzi yityhefu Muawiya, abangazange bafune amandla nyebelele nentsapho yakhe.

Ngelo xesha, abantu abaninzi ngakumbi wabonisa ukunganeliseki nkqubo Mu'awiya, ngokwamaqela ngeenxa unyana wesibini Ali - Hussein, aza kuthathwa irhuluneli yangoku Allah on Earth. Aba bantu baqala ukuba bazibize ngokuba US, bona bubonakala evela Arabic njenge "abalandeli". Oko kukuthi, xa Shi'ism lokuqala ngakumbi intsingiselo yezopolitiko Caliphate, kodwa kule iminyaka ngakumbi uthabathe umbala yonqulo.

umsantsa senkonzo phakathi abaxhasi Cartoon le umbusi, kwaye Shiites Ziyanda wakhula.

IMVELAPHI ngxabano

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, ukuya kokufa likaCaliph Muawiya, eyabakho kunyaka 680 AD, Hussein akazange adlale indima ebonakalayo kakhulu kubomi kwezopolitiko le Caliphate. Kodwa emva kwesi siganeko, ngokufanelekileyo wavakalisa amabango ayo kulongamo, njengoko kuvunyelwene ngaphambili phakathi Mu'awiya ne Hasan. Ekutshintsheni iziganeko, Kakade ke, wayengonwabanga kunye nonyana wakhe Yazid Muawiya, owayesele wathabatha kwisihloko ucaliph.

Abaxhasi Saddam, Shi'ites, ocacise oko mfundisi. Bathi ukuba inkokeli yabo - owesithathu US-Imam, ezimbini zokuqala ngaphandle Ali Ibn Abi Talib kunye Hasan.

Ngenxa yoko, iimvakalelo phakathi kwamaqela amabini wakhula, basabisa ukuba kukhokelela kungquzulwano ngezixhobo.

Ukuqala kwako

Kwaye ke mvukelo kwavuka. Le mvukelo yaqala kwisixeko Kufa, leyo yayimi kufuphi Baghdad. Le bavukeli babekholelwa ukuba kubakhokelela ebifanele nje Imam Hussein. Bambuza ukuba abe yinkokeli qhankqalazo. Hussein wavuma ukurhwaphilizela kubo indima yinkokeli.

Ukuze bahlole le meko, Imam Hussein wathumela Kufa cishe, ngalo igama Muslim Ibn Aqeel, waza wathetha nabaxhasi Medina kuye. Ekufikeni, ummeli kwimvukelo wathabatha isifungo egameni labahlali Hussein ka-18.000, njengoko ingxelo ngayo inkosi yakhe.

Kodwa ke ulawulo Caliphate naye akazange ahlale basonge izandla. Ukucinezela imvukelo e Kufa, Yazid wamisela irhuluneli entsha. Yena ngoko nangoko waqalisa ukusebenzisa imiqathango engqongqo kakhulu, kangangokuba phantse bonke abaxhasi Saddam basaba kweso sixeko. Phambi Muslim kwikhompyutha aze abulawe, wakwazi ukuthumela ileta eya Imam, iintetho inguqu iimeko mandundu.

Battle of Karbala

Ngaphandle koku, Hussein wagqiba ukuqhubeka eli phulo. Yena, kunye nabalandeli bakhe baya kwindawo ezisemaphandleni Baghdad kwidolophu ekuthiwa Karbala. Imam Hussein, kunye neqela wadibana apho amajoni ezininzi likaCaliph Yazid, phantsi ngokomlomo Umar Ibn Okubuhlungu.

Kakade ke, lo mfundisi kukho iqela elincinane ngokwentelekiso abalandeli bakhe nako ukumelana wonke umkhosi. Ngoko ke waya thethana, unika umyalelo yomkhosi utshaba makuwele yena kwecala. Umar Ibn Okubuhlungu wayekulungele ukuphulaphula abameli Saddam, kodwa ezinye ngqwayi - Shire kunye Ibn Ziyad - kwamenza ukuba ukubeka loo iimeko apho Imam nako kuvumelana.

Umzukulwana uMprofeti yagqiba ukuba lidabi olungalinganiyo. Phezu iqela elincinane bavukeli wendiza indwe obomvu Imam Hussein. Impi siphila ixesha elifutshane, njengoko amabutho engalinganiyo, kodwa ukuvutha. Izintlu ucaliph Yazid ibhiyozele loyiso ukudilika phezu bavukeli.

ukufa Imam

Phantse zonke Nabaxhasi Saddam, le mali abantu asixhenxe anesibini babulawa edabini okanye kuthinjwa, yaye emva isohlwayo esibuhlungu. Abanye phantsi entolongweni. Phakathi kwabo yahlatywayo lo mfundisi ngokwakhe.

Intloko yakhe Wazishiya wathunyelwa nangoko kwirhuluneli ku Kufa uze emva koko uye eDamasko, ikomkhulu eli Caliphate, Yazid ukuba bakwazi ngokupheleleyo ukonwabela uloyiso phezu iinkcukacha Ali zomthonyama.

imiphumela

Noko ke, kwaba ukufa Imam Hussein, ifuthe elizayo kwinkqubo ngokuwa Caliphate, nokuba ngaphezu ukuba nangoku usekhona. Kokubulawa umzukulwana umprofeti kunye uhlekisa onyeliso isidumbu sakhe nokulatyuza yokunganeliseki kuwo wonke umhlaba Islamic. Ekugqibeleni Shiites wazahlula abaxhasi ucaliph - i Sunnis.

Ngo-684, imvukelo phantsi kwebhanile lwe revenge for ekubulaweni Husayn Ibn Ali kwaqhambuka kwisixeko engcwele amaSilamsi - eMecca. Kuye elikhokelwa Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr. iminyaka esibhozo wakwazi ukugcina amandla esixekweni lakhe lokuzalwa umprofeti. Ekugqibeleni, i-likaCaliph waba ukwazi ukwenza ulawulo iMecca. Kodwa kuphela imvukelo yokuqala UDUSHE Ukufa ukuba yashukumisa Caliphate kwaye ezigcinwe phantsi kwesigwagwiso yokuziphindezela ukuba ukubulawa kuka Hussein.

Okubulala lo Imam wesithathu wayengomnye iziganeko ezininzi ebalulekileyo imfundiso US kubaluleke kakhulu nangakumbi simanyane ekulweni Shiite Caliphate. Kakade ke, amandla neenkokheli kwaqhubeka kwinkulungwane ngaphezu kwesinye. Kodwa ngokubulala yindlalifa uMprofeti uMuhammad, i Caliphate waqhubana ngokwakhe inxeba ebulalayo ezakhokelela ukuwa kwayo elizayo. Kamva, phezu ummandla wobukhosi kanye ezinamandla kwasekwa enobunye karhulumente Shiite Idrisid, Fatimid, Buyid, Alids kunye nabanye.

Le inkumbulo Hussein

Iziganeko enxulumene nokubulawa Hussein lehlelo Shiite ndizuze ngokubaluleka. Sinikezelwa kubo omnye seziganeko ezinkulu zonqulo Shiite - Shakhs-Wachs. Ezi imihla yokuzila, apho Shi'ites kulila wambulala Imam Hussein. Eyona kunazo lwabo kubangela amanxeba ezinzulu ngokwanelisayo, ngokungathi engumqondiso yeentlungu Imam wesithathu.

Ukongeza, i Shiites wenza oluya Karbala - indawo ukufa kunye nokungcwatywa Hussein Ibn Ali.

Njengoko sele sibonile, ubuntu, ubomi kunye nokufa Imam Hussein, lulo intliziyo intshukumo zonqulo ngobukhulu Muslim, njengoko US, ukuba ehlabathini abalandeli ezininzi mihla.