Rzhevskaya imfazwe ngexesha leMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic

Xa usiva igama elithi "emfazweni", siye iingcinga kuvela alwe nayiphi intsimi, apho ebudeni bemini kugqitywa yeyiphi contenders ziya kuba ophumeleleyo. Le isigama uyiqhelile kwaye ziqondakale. Kodwa Rzhevskaya ukulwa ezahlukeneyo. Ligcwale ixesha elikhulu ixesha yaba ngothotho amadabi kule minyaka mibini idlulileyo.

operation Rzhev- Vyazemskaya

EziQhelekileyo ixesha eliqingqiweyo, nto leyo wathabatha Battles of Rzhev (8 Januwari 1942-31 Matshi 1943). Ngaloo mihla kwakukho amaxesha amaninzi ezizolileyo okanye imfazwe ngokokuma, xa amajoni zange benze uhlaselo.

Ebutsheni bowe-1942, nomkhosi yakwazi ukuba ukwala iingalo Wehrmacht ukusuka eMoscow. Kodwa sibali-ekhubekisayo, nto leyo yaba enye iziganeko ebalulekileyo imfazwe, baqhubeka. Umyinge lufuna result enkulu kakhulu. Ifunyanwa kwingingqi i German umkhosi "Centre" iqela.

imikhosi yiSoviet kwi West kunye esibizwa Front babeza zahlule, ukuba asirhawule, ndilutshabalalise namandla. Ngemihla wokuqala kweyoMqungu sibali-ekhubekisayo, kuqalwa inani 8, yonke into ihamba ngokwesicwangciso. Wakwazi ukukhulula Vereya, laseKirov, Mozhaisk, Medyn, Sukhinichi kunye Lyudinovo. Ezona zinto zifuneka kuqala ukuze wayityatya "Centre" ngokwamaqela eliqela ekwanti.

indawo

Nangona kunjalo, inani 19 iye yakhutshelwa kwezinye fronts ngokwemiyalelo Iosifa Stalina zamandla ehlasela. Ngokukodwa, i-1 Shock Army Kuznetsova wathunyelwa Ingingqi Novgorod phantsi Demyansk kanye 16 Umkhosi Rokossovsky kwenye indawo ukuya ezantsi. Oku kakhulu zanciphisa intlenga-mkhosi Soviet. Inxalenye eseleyo nje abazange babe nezinto ukugqibezela umsebenzi. yalahleka phulo.

Ekupheleni January sele ithunyelwe kufuphi Rzhev yama-33 Army phantsi umyalelo lakwaEfrayim. Ezi iziqwenga kwakhona wazama ukuba atyhudise iindlela utshaba, kodwa ekugqibeleni bazifumanisa zandingqonga. Ngo April yama-33 yatshatyalaliswa yaye uMikhail Efremov ukuzibulala.

operation eSoviet akuphumelelanga. Ngokutsho manani ezisemthethweni, ukulahlekelwa yaba bantu 776 000, kubo 272 000 batshoniswe. Ukusuka yama-33 Army waqhekeza ngaphandle encirclement ezimbalwa, amajoni t. E. 889.

Fighting for Rzhev

Ehlotyeni ka-1942 Izinga Walimisa umsebenzi wasithimba isixeko kummandla esibizwa. Okokuqala ukuba Rzhev. Kuba ishishini kwakhona yathatha umphathi womkhosi miba mibini - esibizwa (General Konev) kunye West (General zhukov).

Julayi 30 baqala lohlaselo Soviet elandelayo. Engafani ngokucothayo kakhulu. Ngasinye sekudlule chipped isiqwenga somhlaba amawaka ezixabisa ubomi. Sele kwimihla yokuqala yokusebenza kwi Rzhev yaba kweekilometa eziyi-6 kuphela. Noko ke, kwadlula phantse inyanga ukulwa nabo off.

Esi sixeko sikwazile kuphela ekupheleni kuka-Agasti. Kwakubonakala ukuba Rzhevskaya idabi uye waphumelela. Kukho wavunyelwa ngisho ukuvuma ngaphambili abameli ezisemthethweni umongameli yaseMelika, owaba ukujonga koyisa eSoviet. Rzhev wabanjwa ngomhla wama-27 kuSeptemba. Nangona kunjalo, i-Red Army bahlala khona iintsukwana. kwabakho kwaqiniswa ukusekelwa German, leyo ahlala isixeko-1 Oktobha.

Enye ekhubekisayo yiSoviet yaphela nto. Ilahleko kwemfazwe Rzhev kweli xesha yaba abantu malunga 300 lamawaka, okt. E. 60% yenkcitho ye-Red Army kule ngaphambili.

Operation "Mars"

Kakade ekupheleni yasekwindla-nalapha ekuqaleni kobusika ngayo izicwangciso omnye umzamo ukuba atyhudise ukuziphendulela "Centre". Eli xesha, kwagqitywa ukuba uhlaselo iya kuqhubeka kwezo ndawo apho okwangoku kuthathwe kuyo. Zizo ezo iindawo phakathi imilambo Gzhat kunye Osugi, kwakunye kufutshane kwilali Young Tud. Kwakukho lexinene zincinane iyantlukwano German.

Ngelo xesha linye umyalelo wayezama kulahlekisa utshaba ngendaba Wehrmacht evela Stalingrad, apho le mihla kufike imihla ebaluleke amadabi.

39 Army wakwazi ukunyanzela Tud oselula kunye 1 imishini Corps wahlasela iiyunithi vehicles utshaba kufutshane nedolophu White. Kodwa ke impumelelo okwexeshana. Sele ekuqaleni kuDisemba, ukuba balwe waseJamani ukuzidambisa amajoni Soviet bayonakalisa Army yama-20. Le okufanayo nakuwo zakhiwo ezimbini: 2 Guards-Calvary kunye Tank-6.

NgoDisemba 8 kwisiqalo ezi ziganeko Georgy zhukov wagxininisa ukuba i "Mars" umsebenzi (codename) iye yaqalwa unamandla ahlaziyiweyo. Kodwa akukho namnye amalinge ukuba atyhudise kumgca utshaba zokhuselo asigqitywanga ngempumelelo. Amajoni phantsi umyalelo Jikelele Khozina, Yushkevich kunye Zygina akuphumelelanga. ababekhe kwakhona abaninzi engqongwe. Ngokutsho koqikelelo lwabemi ezahlukahlukeneyo, inani amajoni Soviet abafa ngexesha uyahluka 70 ne-100 lamawaka. Iimfazwe Rzhev ngo-1942 kwaye azizange uloyiso elide lulindelwe.

Operation "Byuffel"

Xa imilo ezidlulileyo idala ekuthiwa-Rzhevskij projection leyo ahlala nemikhosi yaseJamani. Yaba icandelo asesichengeni ngaphambili - ukuba akuyo yaba ilula. Ngakumbi kakhulu kwacaca emva kokuba amajoni eSoviet wathabatha isixeko Great uLuka, ngoJanuwari 1943.

Kurt Tseyttsler kunye nabanye ngokomlomo Wehrmacht yaba nzima ukubuza uHitler kukugunyazisa nokurhoxa-mkhosi. Ekugqibeleni, wavuma. kwakumelwe ukuba urhoxiswe ukuba iilayini kwi ndawo isixeko Dorogobuzh-mkhosi. Lijongene ukwenza lo msebenzi ubalulekileyo yaba Colonel-Jikelele Walter Model. Lwabe ikhowudi-igama "Büffel", oko kukuthi ngentetho evakalayo kwi Isijamani "zenyathi".

ukuthatha Rzhev

Abanolwazi imikhosi esokuqala amaJamani kuvunyelwa ukuba aphume ngeprojektha phantse lossless. Matshi 30 lijoni yokugqibela Reich washiya esitishini, leyo wahlaselwa ngenxa ngaphezu konyaka. Wehrmacht ugciné isixeko engenanto nemizana: inyamakazi, Gzhatsk, White, Vyazma. Bonke bephela, kwathathwa nomkhosi ngoMatshi 1943 ngaphandle umlo.

Bebonke isiphelo sinye walinda Rzhev. Waye wakhululwa ngomhla ngoMatshi 3. Okokuqala bangena esixekweni 30 Army, leyo kwenziwa kweli candelo ixesha elide kwaye inabasebenzi phantse ukusuka ekuqaleni emva amadabi wamagazi. Yaphela kanjalo iimfazwe Rzhev 1942 1943 impumelelo Strategic kukhokelele kwinto yokuba linge iMfazwe Yehlabathi II kwakhona bafudukela eSoviet Union.

nokusukelana kotshaba

Nomkhosi bashiya ngasemva Rzhev waza waqalisa ukuba isiqalo olukhawulezisiweyo kwizikhundla iseleyo amaJamani. Ngenxa yoko, ngoMatshi yakwazi tyhala umgca ngaphambili ukuya entshona omnye 150 km. Communications amajoni Soviet zaye nangengalo. Vanguard saqhela ngasemva kunye mali. Ukukhuthaza alulibazisayo uhlaselo nobudlelwane kunye nemiqathango yendlela embi.

Xa amaJamani wemba kwisithili Dorogobuzh, kwacaca ukuba umkhosi ezixineneyo bangaphumelelanga, kwaye Red Army wayeka. Sesona sisombululo esiphambili esilandelayo iya kwenzeka ehlotyeni, xa igqibe Idabi Kursk.

Okumiselwe Rzhev. Kubonakala inkcubeko

Phambi kokubhiyozela kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II wayehlala esixekweni amawaka 56 abantu. City wachitha iinyanga 17 kwi umsebenzi, ngexesha apho yadilizwa. labantu weNgingqi okanye asaba imini ngaphambili, okanye akazange ukusinda abasemagunyeni German. Xa wakhulula nomkhosi isixeko Matshi 3, 1943, kukho akwasala zamajoni 150.

Ngokumalunga uqikelelo ilahleko iyonke ye-Red Army unyaka zokulwa ngaphezu kokuba, umncedisi UViktor Kulikov, eli nani Uvukile abantu abangaphezulu kwesigidi esi-1.

Iimfazwe Rzhev ungashiywanga iiyadi elisaphilayo malunga 300, xa phambi amadabi apho baba 5500. Emva kwemfazwe yakhiwa waphantse ukusuka ekuqaleni.

amadabi olunegazi kunye nelahleko enkulu ziboniswe kwinkumbulo abantu kunye neentlobo ngeentlobo imisebenzi yobugcisa. umbongo Aleksandra Tvardovskogo "Ndabulala phantsi Rzhev" uthathwa ukuba edumileyo. zesikhumbuzo ezininzi kummandla yaseTver. Iimfazwe Rzhev, Museum-esicace isiganeko - konke nangoku etsala inani elikhulu iindwendwe. Kwisixeko efanayo ukongeza kukho obelisk sisikhumbuzo.