"Indlela yobomi" phesheya Lake Ladoga: izibakala zembali

I abanya iLeningrad yathatha iintsuku 872. Ngeli xesha yindlala ziye zabulala abantu abangaphezulu kwesigidi. Emva kokuphela kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II wadlula izilingo Nuremberg lwamaNazi kunye nezaphuli ngokungenalusini karhulumente.

abameli Soviet ziye amacala alimwi "North" iqela yomkhosi waseJamani ke, ngenxa yezenzo wabulala inani abahlali kwi njengomzi ongqingiweyo. Kweli isigxina, Jikelele von Leeb ecaleni. Ngoxa i- Convention Geneva okwangoku umba apho ebhalisiweyo akuvumelekanga ukuba usebenzise indlala njenge impi nxamnye umphakathi.

Ephila njengomzi ongqingiweyo endiyityala ukubonakala yemoto ( "Road of Life"), nge Lake Ladoga. Kuvumelekile ukuba ndimaphule ijikazi yaye kuvalwe ngenxa yesikhundla salo geographical iLeningrad ayikho nako ukusinda ngaphandle zothutho lokutya.

Meaning indlela ngamatshe

Wayesebenza kwendlela ukusuka ekwindla 1941 ukuya spring 1943. ukuqeshwa kwakhe yenziwa ngenxa Leningrad wayingqinga (St. Petersburg) kunye lizwe. Ngokusemthethweni ukuba ngokuba inombolo omkhulu wamajoni 101.

Ukusukela ngoSeptemba 1941, amajoni Soviet amajoni singqongwe amajoni aseJamani kunye Finnish. Esi sixeko lungekazilungeli kwafa yaye abazange bafumane izinto eziyimfuneko ukutya nepetroli. Ukuhambisa yonke ifunwa moya okanye ngaphesheya kolwandle.

"Indlela yobomi" phesheya Lake Ladoga ukuba kuphunywe inani labemi yaye ngokuyinxenye ukunika amaxhoba ngokutya.

Ukuqhubeka emkhenkceni

Ukususela ngo-Oktobha 1941, isifundo sokwakhiwa kwendlela liphela Lake Ladoga, oko ehlanganiswa ice ebusika. Emva izibalo lokuqala, ukwakhiwa kwaqala ngoNovemba. Bekucingelwa ukuba ububanzi indlela iya kuba kwiimitha ezili-10, ukwenzela ukuba umatshini Ungasa ngaxeshanye kumacala omabini. Wonke iikhilomitha 5-7 akha izinto ezikhethekileyo ukufudumeza.

Kwicala lendlela esikhethwe ngokusekelwe ekufumanekeni luhleli cover ice. Kwafuneka ukumelana imithwalo enzima. Eyona indlela yothutho yaba ndingaz-AA, ebizwa "polutorka" abantu. Ukuthintela ukusilela ice ubunzima phakathi waba oomatshini ukuba kwahlulwe ubuncinane iimitha 100. Kwangaxeshanye, ngaphesheya chibi wabeka umgca kaloliwe.

Usungulo "Ndlela of Life" (iLeningrad) kwenzeka kufuphi nomgca ngaphambili, kwakufuneka sikhuselwe ukubonelela ngamagumbi zomkhosi. Enomkhenkce ingxenye mgwaqo imigca emibini ukuziphendulela ngokusebenzisa isakhelo zomthi, iiplasitiki leyo promorazhivalis ngumkhenkce. Wonke iikhilomitha omnye ukuya kwemibini zafakelwa guns anti-moya, yaye zonke iikhilomitha ezintathu - encinane-abanjalo zokudubula imipu. Ukususela umbhobho umoya waziphendulela Six Fighter Wing.

Ngexesha lasebusika yokuqala zokungqinga kwi "Road of Life" ukuba bakhutshwe abantu abangaphezulu kwama-500,000 kunye wayinikela malunga 250 kweetoni eziliwaka ukutya. Ngokomthetho ke umgubo, iinkozo, ukutya okuziinkozo, iimveliso inyama, amafutha, imifuno, amandongomane, iziqhamo ezomisiweyo, vitamin C. Umsebenzi waqhubeka indlela ice ebusika 1942-1943 ngonyaka.

Ukuthutha emanzini

Ngenxa ukunyibilika kwendlela ice liphela Lake Ladoga akayekanga ukuzanga kakhulu khona. Ngentwasahlobo yowama-1942 wamnika indlela ukuthutha umkhenkce yokukhangela phezu kwamanzi. Noko ke, ngenxa yokuba lo umkhenkce kwakusekho kwezinye iindawo, lekhefu phakathi nokusiwa ngaphesheya kwechibi wenza ngenyanga. Ngo-Epreli, phezu umkhenkce ukuthutha iimpahla ukuba akunakwenzeka, kwaye kwindawo inqanawa amanzi angaya kuphela ukusuka ekupheleni kuka May.

Ubunkokeli lizwe liyimfuneko ukuphumeza umsebenzi ukubuyisela iimpahla ezonakeleyo. Xa umsebenzi, kwakukho amaphenyane kungekho ngaphezulu kwe-15. Sagqiba ukwakha amaphenyane endaweni. A iqonga umsebenzi lowo Intlama nePhepha lokusila in Syasstroy. Ngelo xesha kwi iLeningrad waqalisa ukwakhiwa iimpahla zesinyithi ezibe abangeniswe ukuba indibano yokugqibela ngololiwe.

Protection indlela ozibandakanye moya zokudubula iyantlukwano, regiments amathafa-kubabulali. Kwakufuneka ukuba alwe nayo imikhosi ye zithuthi German-Finnish-Italian.

Ngo-1942 amanzi bakhutshwe abemi malunga 400 lamawaka, wazinikela ukutya ku 350 kweetoni eziliwaka. Kwisixeko amajoni 290.000 kokuba ithunyelwe. Ukongeza iimveliso kunye iimveliso zepetroliyam esixekweni bamsa iinkomo kunye namahashe.

Ukuqala ngo-Apreli 1943 yaqhubeka zokuhamba ngaphesheya kolwandle. Nangona inani labo sele lehlile njengenxalenye ebalulekileyo ye iimpahla sele uthuthwa ngololiwe, elaqala ngo-1942.

Yaba i "Indlela of Life" (iLeningrad) omnye?

Le track esemthethweni kuthathwa ukuba indlela Kokoreva Kobona ukuya idike. efanisa elikulomsonto umzi omkhulu kweli lizwe. Le nkcazelo ifumaneka kwiincwadi kunye uhambo abakhenkethi. Nangona kunjalo, kukho data ngayo i "Indlela of Life" phesheya Lake Ladoga wathabatha indlela eyahlukileyo. Ubukho eminye imigca zothutho ukubonisa ezininzi izibakala.

Yokungafani izibalo

Ukungqinwa kubukho kwiindlela ezininzi izibalo ezilula. Ngoko ke ekuvaleni indlela ebusika yokuqala wasebenza iintsuku 150. Kuye idluliselwe ngokusesikweni malunga 350 kweetoni eziliwaka imithwalo. Kubonakala ukuba imini enye eLeningrad wanikela iitoni 2.400.

Zokuthutha impahla "lori" emzimbeni leyo inokufakwa kunye ithani nengxenye. Enye isiqingatha setoni unako qhoboshela ebusika. Loo nto omnye flight ethwele kumatshini izikhundla ukuguqulela iitoni ezimbini. Yonke imihla indlela wawela 1200 zilayishwe ngokupheleleyo "polutorok". Noko ke, kwafuneka ukuba kumacala omabini.

Ice engomelele gagasi. Ngakumbi kuba ukongeza iilori kwi ingami kuhola kunye neebhasi eziye zathathwa kule mihla 150, malunga nesiqingatha sesigidi abangalwiyo. Kwakhona kwi Ladoga ihanjiswa amatanki, wadubula apho iinqaba isixhobo ukulungiselela umzimba. Awupheli kwafa "Road of Life" wayeza ukumelana leyo, ngakumbi ukuba umkhenkce wenza nje indlela.

weloli Riddle ezazikayo

Ngexesha yezothutho umkhenkce wathabatha malunga namawaka iimoto. Abaninzi kubo ngoku ngaphantsi kwamanzi. Xa amanzi kweli chibi ingakumbi ecacileyo, nabaqhubi abangaboniyo bamba kucacile neelori. Azisoloko kwindlela esemthethweni kwingoma. Ezinye zazo ibekwe amakhulu eekhilomitha ukusuka kakuhle ngabo bonke "Indlela of Life".

Kukho amaxwebhu ukusuka apho kucacile ukuba abanye abaqhubi bayishiya indlela ukuze imali kwi yokuthuthwa laza ayigalele inxalenye umthwalo. Noko ke, iimeko ezinjalo abayi baba baninzi kangaka, kunye neelori, zitshone kude endleleni, kwakukho amakhulu ezininzi. Ngoko ke umbuzo wokuba ingaba iLeningrad Lake Ladoga kubonelelwa kuphela indlela enye, kunokuba impikiswano.

Izizathu ngokuba khona iindlela ezininzi

Official Road ( "Indlela Yokuphila" phesheya Lake Ladoga) № ngokuqinisekileyo 101 Kokoreva -Kobona zabakho yaye elisebenze ngayo. Noko ke, izibalo kunye indawo ilori ezininzi ezazikayo esithi wayengenakukwazi kuba nguye yedwa.

Onke iimephu amaxwebhu kwimeko kudala zahlelwa kwaye zigcinwe noovimba ezizodwa. Mhlawumbi Ukufihla kungenxa nomnqweno ukuba atyhile wonke umendo xa kuthe enye imfazwe.

Izizathu kwakunga tracks ezininzi:

• Ingozi evela moya yaseJamani. Noludumileyo olungathethekiyo amandla womoya yaseJamani kusebusika engenakuphikiswa 1941. Ekumiseleni indlela ngaphesheya kwechibi, amaJamani ebezihamba rhoqo oko. Ukunciphisa ilahleko yokuhlasela kweenqwelo, utshintsho umzila kuyimfuneko. I imigca okuqala kufutshane elunxwemeni edikeni, kodwa ke yomelela ngumkhenkce, indlela lwaqhutywa kufutshane kweli ziko.

• I ice akazange ahlale umthwalo rhoqo. Ngamehlo abo minyaka zibonisa ukuba le ndlela iza kudlula iimoto 60-70 kuphela. Ngaphezu koko, lo umkhenkce iqala ukuqhekeza, kwathabatha ixesha lokuhlangulwa lakhe. Ngenxa yoko, lo mbutho ukuba bafudukele indlela entsha. Leningrad kungenjalo kuba nako ukufumana loo mali imithwalo babeza.

Ukudala kaloliwe

Xa impahla zokuhamba enkulu kwi urhulumente ukulawula kaloliwe kuphela. Ngo-1942, phezu esikunxweme lwempuma yeso chibi kubekwa phezu emgceni. Kuyenzeka ukwandisa impahla. Ngenxa bonke kuvalwe iindlela iLeningrad ezi ndlela sele kususwe ingxenye.

Le inkumbulo kwamabutho eqwengiweyo

Amakhulu amawaka abantu baye ababandakanyekayo ukugcina impilo omkhenkce le. Bahlala ngumkhenkce, ngokuzalisa le iintanda onesiphumo, ukwakha kwayo ngamaplanga. Le feat aba bantu, kwakunye abaqhubi ngokwabo, kunzima ukuqikelela into yokwenene. Ixabiso ubomi abaninzi kubo, ukuvalwa wavulwa. Lake Ladoga yaba hoxa, leyo ukuba ukwaphula isangqa yokufa abahlali abaninzi abamsulwa.

Kunye icandelo yesabelo ukusuka iLeningrad ukuya Ladoga na ezikhumbuzo ukuze azinikele "Indlela of Life". Bonke bephela yinxalenye sisikhumbuzo "iGreen Belt Uzuko", elisuke ngenxa kwiikhilomitha ezininzi. ISikhumbuzo iqulathe ezikhumbuzo ezisixhenxe, iintsika zokubhiyizela 46 emendweni, 56 iikholam ngololiwe.

Kwezakhiwo ekhumbulekayo ezi-40 ne-103 km kuhola wendlela. Eyokuqala sisikhumbuzo "Aparted ring" (umyili Filippov VG) apho sesona ring isikhewu bebeke kwasekwa imikhosi German Finnish phezu iLeningrad ukusuka ekwindla kunyaka 1941. 103 km ilitye lesikhumbuzo "lori Legendary" (umyili Levenkov AD). Yena ukhombisa umatshini ohamba, beqhekeza umkhenkce.