UHlaziyo lwaseYurophu

Ekupheleni kumaXesha Aphakathi yamaKatolika iCawa ngomnye wemibutho ityebileyo kwaye zinamandla eYurophu. Kodwa lo amandla kwacaca kuphela: ibandla, kwaye elula amanene, ngakumbi ebonisa ukunganeliseki kunye omnipotence ngabefundisi, nto leyo ekugqibeleni kwaphumela ekubeni intshukumo wokuba yakhiwe ibandla - uHlaziyo.

izizathu

Ekupheleni kobukumkani ngenkulungwane XV kwavela kumazwe amaninzi aseYurophu. Kumkani, ukuthembela umkhosi nabasemagunyeni, baba awonwabanga ungenelelo soopopu imicimbi yabo. kwiikumkani zabo ezixabisekileyo isikhokelo zaye angafunekiyo. ookumkani Haunted nobutyebi yamaKatolika iCawa, obengowabaya kwabanini ezinkulu eYurophu. Ewe, ukuba nje oko! On kwelishumi, ukuhlawula iinkonzo kunye nokuthengiswa kwezono abefundisi efunyenweyo isixa esikhulu semali "wahlamba" kwi eRoma kude. Lo mlawuli, Kakade ke, akazange nje.

abantu abaqhelekileyo abayithandi nezinye ii-odolo zonqulo. Okokuqala, iindleko eziphezulu imisitho kunye neerhafu ezahlukeneyo. Okwesibini, ulwimi unqulo - hayi wonke umntu uyayiqonda oko kwathethwa ngu umbingeleli Latin wakhe. Kodwa ngakumbi oko akazange nje into yokuba icawa ungcwalisiwe ukungalingani ekhoyo. Kwenzeka ukuba indoda imvelaphi othobekileyo nayo ekuphileni ukuba nabani na, enoba notsalo abantu ngakumbi. Okanye amele Kuyinto ngabantu abanegunya kuphela kuba kunjalo, bathi, ngaphezu kwangaphambili.

Ukuqala zoHlaziyo

Le ukunganeliseki omkhulu yamaKatolika Church wabizwayo waba Bahlukana eJamani. Ngoko ke, oko naye waza waqalisa zoHlaziyo eYurophu. Ngowe-1517, unjingalwazi wezakwalizwi oselula Martin Luther ufakwe kwi emnyango ibandla kwibhotwe 95 Izicatshulwa - izimvo zabo odolo ecaweni. Isizathu yaba intengiso ngokuxhaphaka kwezono. La maxwebhu abo, ngokubhekiselele mihla, ulwazi malunga kuxolelwe izono. Bona ithengiswa yi lendela, ukuba ezibekekeleyo ekubukeni nge eJamani. Ngenxa kwezono Pope wayecebe ukuyivusa ibandla St .. UPetros eRoma. Luther walahla zonke ezi odolo. Wayekholelwa ukuba Pope naliphi na ilungelo lokukhupha uxolela. Luther wathetha kubahlangabeza misitho uhlaza, monasticism kunye ekungatshatini, anikwe ngababingeleli. Ukuba iBhayibhile eliqondakalayo amaJamani eziqhelekileyo, ubengamazi Latin, yena wayiguqulela kulwimi lwabo lweenkobe.

wokushumayela ngesibindi kaLuther wakhokelela uPope Leo X nexhala. Wamjoka, ukuba balahle iimbono zakhe, yaye xa wala, wathi kuye njengomwexuki kunye ecaweni. Kodwa uLuther ayikhange ibathez - phezu koko, wafumana kweqiwa, ayiqwenge manikiniki. Xa unjingalwazi izolo livela yendyebo sabaxhasi, kuquka nempembelelo kakhulu. Enye iinkosana German wayifihla enqabeni yakhe, apho uLuther wabhala imisebenzi zenkolo. Ngelo xesha, uHlaziyo eYurophu nalapha ngaphakatyhi kuphuhliswa. Luther wabonakala kubalandeli babesenzela ukuya unyawo ngakumbi ngokubeka ukulingana jikelele. Inkokheli yabo Tomas Myuntser wakhokela le mvukelo yaba imfazwe yamahlwempu. iinkosana German ngokukhawuleza woyisa abavukeli kakubi bexhobile, kungekhona ekubeni imicimbi zomkhosi. Olu qhankqalazo ngokumasikizi livunyelwe. Emva koko, uHlaziyo eJamani ekugqibeleni ocande ezandleni yezikhulu yehlabathi.

Umzabalazo phakathi kwamabandla amabini

Liyinyaniso elokuba, asingabo bonke basebukhosini Luther bayamkela ingcamango kakuhle. Phakathi amaKatolika namaProtestanti (njengoko waba amarhamente ezaziwayo le mfundiso intsha) wabetha umzabalazo wezigalo. Wawuqala ixesha elide yaye yaphela Augsburg jikelele ziye zafumanisa ukuba ngamnye ngokwakhe umthetheli unelungelo ukumisela kuba yintoni na yonqulo ubukhosi bakhe. Le mbono ukuze kuvuselelwe ibandla bathelela, yaye kungekudala uHlaziyo eYurophu kwafikela kumazantsi eJamani, eSwitzerland, France, nakumazwe aseScandanavia. ENetherlands, amaProtestanti wengingqi bandivukele ngokubanzi ulawulo Spanish nokuzimela kwaphunyezwa.

Ekuqaleni yavelisa UHlaziyo eNgilani. UKumkani uHenry VIII bafuna ukuba Pope, kangangokuba wamnika imvume ukuba umntu amale umfazi wakhe kanye. Wala, yaye inkosi wathi ixhomekeke wayeseRoma IsiNgesi Church asisekho. Ngoko ke, ngo-1534 intloko abefundisi kweli lizwe, yaye kunye nomnini yonke ipropati ibandla, waba ngukumkani. Kucacile ukuba ukwala uPopu yaba nje ibhaxa ukumbamba yonke into ekule ibandla. Kwaye ngokukhawuleza kakhulu kwenziwa. Ezinye yaseTshetshi, njengoko bayityhilelweyo ngoku ekuthiwa, bekusoloko kukho ixesha elide njenge yamaKatolika.

Noko ke, phakathi kwinkulungwane XVI yabefundisi yamaKatolika weza ebomini, neNguquko eYurophu ukuhlangabezana ukuxhathisa olomeleleyo. -Vanguard le kumzabalazo ochasene amaProtestanti baba kumyalelo bamaKatolika, owasekwa ngo-1540, abalandeli bakhe wadala eYurophu womnatha izikolo, owasinika imfundo ezibalaseleyo kukubethelela ukunyaniseka abafundi yamaKatolika. I-bamaKatolika akazange athandabuze kunye zaseMelika, bamthiyele agents zabo zonke iinkundla yokumkani. La manyathelo becala bavunyelwe ukuba ayeke kuHlaziyo. Kodwa ke amandla owayesakuba Catholic Church waye-.