Historiography - a historiography Russian ...

Ngaba usakhumbula xa befunda esikolweni okanye kwikholeji imbali? Ngoko nokuba umdla? Kungenzeka, impendulo yakho iya kuxhomekeka kwindlela zokufunda thaca ngutitshala wakho. Ukuba nje ekwenza ngentloko umhla othile, akumangalisi ukuba ibali kwabonakala ukuba "nesithukuthezi ukufa." Noko ke, mhlawumbi ke ngoko, kwaye utitshala wakho ukuba liwuphefumlele nenzululwazi zembali. Xa wayethetha ngobomi eYiputa yamandulo okanye amaxesha Sparta, ngokoqobo loo ngxelo kuza liphila ezingqondweni zabafundi nxanelwe ulwazi. Ngaba uvakalelwa kukuba umntu ngembali ngokoqobo weza ebomini engqondweni yakho? Kaloku, ukuba kwakunjalo. Yintoni ingxaki? Kutheni utitshala indlela enye ibe yahluke gqitha kuleyo omnye? Umahluko phakathi utitshala olungileyo kunye nembali embi iyafana umahluko phakathi imbali owome historiography. Kubonakala, zigaba historiography badla ukuchaza kweziganeko livelier kakhulu. Yenzeka njani le nto? Makhe sibone.

Yintoni historiography?

Historiography - kukuthi, wabeka nje, ukufumaneka epheleleyo inkcazelo ocwangcisekileyo ityhila undoqo of a trend oluthile kwimbali. Unako ukunika umzekelo olula. historiography yeBhayibhile - ingqokelela ulwazi oluqokelelweyo malunga ngabantu yamaYuda ngamaxesha okubhalwa kweBhayibhile, ukufumaneka izifundo kwinkalo Archaeology, isigama ulwimi zesiHebhere ezifunyaniswe zizazinzulu ezikhoyo; inkqubo ecacileyo kwi zembali izibakala ngqo okanye ubungqina ahonjiswe thematically.

Ukuba sithethe ngale uhlobo lophando, njengokuba inzululwazi, ngoxa historiography - eyagcina ufunda imbali kunye nolwalathiso yayo. Historiography iqwalasela ngokomgangatho wophando lwenzululwazi kunye noyilo ecacileyo. Oku kuquka ukuqinisekiswa ukubaluleka kolwazi kubaphandi, apho simbophile. Ngokutsho dictionary i Ozhegova, historiography - inzululwazi uphuhliso lolwazi kunye umkhombe nembali iindlela zophando zembali.

historiography Origin

Historiography - indlela uphando ngembali, phambili Croce, ngalo bakubone imbali ulwalamano ubusi kunye nefilosofi. Kutheni kukho imfuneko yale isayensi? Inyaniso kukuba ukongeza esweni nokurekhodwa izibakala, kusoloko kukho imfuneko yokunika ingcaciso iziganeko. Kwaye izimvo zaziwa ukuba abantu ezahlukeneyo. Ngoko ke, imbono echanekileyo leyinene kufuneka kubonakale kwindlela kwindlela amabali achaza kuluvo lwabo. Ngaphezu koko, Croce kubaluleke kakhulu ngoku iqhotyoshelweyo.

Njengoko amaxwebhu embali - ntonje nje ntetho phuzu kuphela luluvo yokucingela umbhali, enokuthi yohluke kakhulu kulo leyinene, kubalulekile njengokuba ngokulandelelanayo, yaye indlela echanekileyo sifundo. Nangona kunjalo, ezi ngongoma zimbini ayikwazi kubizwa ngokuba izichasi. Kunoko, bangabantu ababini kwindawo ezahlukeneyo ngokupheleleyo umbono. Ubalo lizisa nje izibakala, ngeli bali - yiloo ubomi. Chronicle ukulahlekela elidlulileyo kwaye imbali yale mihla ngawo onke amaxesha. Ukongeza, nayiphi na ibali olungeyomfuneko iba imbali banal. Ngokutsho Croce, ibali wayengenakuba zivela yemihla, kwakunye ephilayo akayi kuza kwabafileyo.

imbali philological

Yintoni imbali philological? Le ndlela, apho, umzekelo, imisebenzi eliqela kwimbali, okanye iincwadi ungafumana omnye. Le ndlela ibizwa in Russian kuqulunqo ngolwimi - ezitshatileyo uphando angaphandle kunye nezimvo ngaphandle self-processing of imithombo ephambili. Ekusebenziseni le ndlela womntu akukho mfuneko yokuphendla entabeni iincwadi, kodwa isiphumo ukuphela afunyenwe ngenxa yokuba uphando olunjalo, iye encinane akukho ukusetyenziswa. Sifumana izibakala ezingenanto, akusoloko kusenzeka, ethembekileyo, kodwa silahlekelwe eyona nto ibalulekileyo - kwimbali ophilileyo. Ngoko ke, eli bali lisekelwe philology, kusenokuba ilungile, kodwa akukho nyaniso. Ukusebenzisa le ndlela inokuba bafuna ukuqinisekisa abanye kwakunye bona kunye nokuba naluphi na uxwebhu - yinto ingxabano zingenakuphikwa baxhasa inyaniso. Ngenxa yoko, ukuba imbali abacwangcisi, abafuna inyaniso ngaphakathi kwabo, kodwa bawuphose nto ibalulekileyo. Loo ndlela akakwazi ibenefuthe kuphuhliso lokwenene historiography.

Enye into banzi ngemvelaphi ye historiography

Ukuba sithethe ngento na historiography yiSoviet, okanye nayiphi na enye, ukuze kuqwalaselwe ukuba ngaphambi kokuba eli gama lithetha ukuba kuthetha ntoni, oko kukuthi, "ibali kwi leta" (Graphos - ileta). Emva koko, ke, izinto zitshintshile, yaye namhlanje, kuba eli binzana ukubona imbali kwimbali ngokwayo. Phakathi kwabo wema imvelaphi historiography ingabizwa S. M. Soloveva, V. O. Klyuchevskogo and P. N. Milyukova. Bona, efana nabanye, ayihlola nokucingela indlela isekelwe kwizibakala, kwaye wavunywa nkqubo. Ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19, izazinzulu ziye zaphuhliswa yonke yesixhobo wophando lwenzululwazi zembali. Ukongeza kule uphando ngasentla, kungenzeka ukuba igama kunye nabanye, ngubani wacacisa ukubaluleka historiography njenge inzululwazi, yaye ngubani wachaza inkqubo wokusungula isifundo elidlulileyo, usebenzisa indlela yenzululwazi. Njengokuba besesitshilo ngasentla, le historiography philological ngaphezu iingcinga emxinwa zehlabathi. Kunoko, oku ziinzame lokuphinda ihlabathi njengoko kwakunjalo amakhulu okanye amawaka eminyaka eyadlulayo, umnqweno ukufumana iliso lengqiqo ezo kumaxesha amandulo, nkqu ukuvusa ubomi kunye namava abantu ababephila kudala.

mbali Meaning

Eyona njongo iphambili ye historiography na ukuqonda ngokupheleleyo zombini elidlulileyo langoku, imbali nje inzululwazi. Ngenxa yakhe, kunokwenzeka ukuba ibali liya kuphuhlisa kwicala, uze wenze uphando yechaneke ngaphezulu. Ngenxa historiography kuyenzeka ukulungiselela iingcali ezinamava kakhulu kwinkalo kwembali.

Enyanisweni, phakathi inzululwazi uziqhelanise bekuya kuba isithuba esikhulu, ukuba abazange wacofa historiography yaloo ithiyori iba ukusetyenziswa aluncedo. Ukongeza, ukuba mbali oqeqeshiweyo uyazi imvelaphi lenzululwazi, yena ephanda kwaye ufundisa, kuyanceda ukuba abe yobungcali enkulu entsimini yakhe.

iinzame Modern ukwandisa umbono historiography

Kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, yenza lukhulu kuyo ukuzisa ujongo entsha kwi kwimbali yenzululwazi zembali. Phakathi uncwadi ukuze kuchazwe ingakumbi ingqokelela "historiography eSoviet", uhlelo-1996, kwakunye ethi "yesayensi yembali kwi leSoviet Patriotic" (2002). Asimele kumangaliswa umdla okhethekileyo historiography mvanje, ekubeni kuvula indlela ekusifundeni yembali.

historiography Russian

Iinzame ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukuqonda ngcono imbali Russia - asiyongcamango entsha. Njengoko iminyaka ihamba, abantu zitshintshile, yaye ngoko, watshintsha kwaye iindlela isifundo. Imbali ngaphambili wafunda ngakumbi ngenjongo ukufumanisa ngeendibano kwangaphambili. Noko ke, maxa onke amaxesha historiography Russian kwabunjwa phantsi kwempembelelo wefilosofi kwamaxesha awayephila uphando. Providence, akazalani iimfundiso eziyinyaniso zeZibhalo, kumaXesha Aphakathi wakhonza injini engundoqo umnqweno ukuqonda ibali. Ukuba nawuphi na umcimbi okanye ingozi zibangelwa uNkulunkulu vmeshateltvu, ukukhathaza into yokuba ichazwe ngokucacileyo eBhayibhileni: "Le ndoda okukhona umntu iba kukwenzakala kwakhe." Ngaloo ndlela iSibhalo sibonisa ukuba naliphi na ithuba iziganeko kwimbali onoxanduva kuqala abantu bazivelise okanye bazenze. historiography Russian yabanjwa ngabo ukuba akukho ezisekelwe kwiinyaniso, nokuqiqa.

Ukunikwa nokuxubana

Nangona namhlanje ncam kwaziwa iingcinga bonke abantu olwalukho ngexesha Kievan Rus, kodwa sahlolisisa izibakala, kodwa ungabona ngaloo mihla kwakukho amabali amaninzi kunye iingoma ezibonisa izimvo zehlabathi ezi nokuxubana yamandulo. izimvo zabo malunga ihlabathi zahluke kakhulu ukususela namhlanje. Nangona ingqolowa wenyaniso, mhlawumbi, ukuba, ngokubanzi, akukho namnye uya kuba nentembelo sivumelane ezinjalo. Unako ke, sithobele amazwi umbhali othile ogama zonke Slavic iingoma, epics, amabali kunye namaqhalo 'isidima kunye nengcinga zabantu. " Ngamanye amazwi, abantu ababhala kubo, wacinga ngendlela efanayo.

Ekuhambeni kwexesha, Noko ke, nokufika izibakala ezintsha yembali, kunye nolwazi ukwandisa indlela ekufundweni imbali nenzululwazi ngokwayo waye waphucuka. Ngenxa ukuvela iimbono ezintsha kunye ibali latest sochneny yokubhala zenzululwazi watshintsha kunye nemigaqo uphando yayo ibe ngcono.

Long-ukuma izama ukugcina maxesha

Ukufunda le ncwadi yamandulo lwenzululwazi imbali, uya uphawula inkalo umdla iimpawu - ibali ezinye iziganeko kudla luqala ekuqaleni kwexesha kunye zakanichalas kaloku, apho umbhali wayephila. Kuba izazinzulu namhlanje ingcaciso ebaluleke kakhulu ukuba mbali wabhala amaxesha awayephila kulo, njengoko olu lwazi othembeke kakhulu kwaye athembekile. Ukufunda imisebenzi ababhali ezahlukeneyo zibonisa ukuba nokuba ke kukho umahluko izimvo zabantu ezahlukeneyo kwimiba efanayo. Ngoko ke, abantu ezahlukeneyo badla ukwahluka kakhulu malunga isiganeko nembali ethile yelo.

Oko sikufundileyo?

Ngenxa yoko, siye sakwazi gxwa kumaXesha Aphakathi kwaye ubone indlela nto ibalasele ngamandla kukuba iindlela ezahlukeneyo ukuze aphande, xa kuthelekiswa ne-ixesha lethu. Sabona ngokufutshane oko iphembelela uphuhliso imbali isayensi, ndakubona kunokuba caba indlela yenzululwazi wahlukile ukusuka kwizifundo WOKWENENE, apho ucango ivula indlela yenzululwazi, namhlanje eyaziwa ngokuba historiography. Ukusebenzisa ulwazi olufunyenwe kufundisiso lobuqu, uya kukwazi ukwenza imbali ukufunda fun for wena kunye nabanye. Historiography of the Kievan Rus 'kunye mbali Russian ngoku kuba prolema.