Golgi complex: isakhiwo kunye nomsebenzi organelles

izixhobo Golgi - an organelle ebalulekileyo ekhoyo phantse kuzo zonke iseli eukaryotic. Mhlawumbi iiseli kuphela ukuba abanalwazi le complex kukho iiseli ezibomvu ekuyo. Esi sakhiwo imisebenzi zahlukahlukene kakhulu. Kungenxa eyongezeleleki- kwisithuthi kwaye inokuqokelelana ecaleni zonke khompawundi eziveliswa iseli, uze kuva okhetho ngakumbi, ukuguqulwa, ngokutsha kunye nezithuthi.

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba izixhobo Golgi yafunyanwa ngowe-1897, yaye eminye imisebenzi yayo ngenkuthalo wafundela ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Cinga iimpawu eneenkcukacha ngakumbi isakhiwo kunye nokusebenza.

izixhobo Golgi: isakhiwo

Le inwebu organelle yiseti lamatanki ukuba ngokusondeleyo ecaleni kwenye, efana ntshunxekile. unit lokwakheka kwaye esebenza uthathwa dictyosome.

Dictyosome i eyahlukileyo, inxalenye elizimeleyo izixhobo Golgi, nto leyo equka 3 - 8 ngokusondeleyo kufutshane nezinye iinzululwazi ngamnye. A mfumba yezi itanki inwebu singqongwe inkqubo vacuoles ezincinane vesicles - ngale ndlela lwenziwa ukuthuthwa izinto, kwakunye dictyosomes unxibelelwano phakathi kwabo kunye nezinye izakhiwo zeselula. Ngokuqhelekileyo, le iiseli isilwanyana kufuneka dictyosomes omnye kuphela, lo gama izakhiwo zezityalo, kungabakho baninzi.

In dictyosome kwahlulwa emancamini omabini - i kaKishe kunye kwicala trans. KaKishe-icala elibheke engundoqo kunye nothungelwano granular endoplasmic. Apha ngokohlobo vesicles inwebu abathuthwayo iiprothini kuhlanganiswa kunye nezinye kusitsha. Kule Ekupheleni dictyosomes amatanki rhoqo entsha zaveliswa.

Kwelentshona ye-ngohlangothi ndizayo iseli. Ngokuqhelekileyo, u ta va a bit ngokubanzi. Apha kuza uxhumo udlule zonke izigaba ukulungiswa. Ukusuka ezantsi itanki rhoqo eqwengiweyo vacuoles ezincinane vesicles, leyo ohambisa izinto ukuya ezinqwenelekayo organelles iseli.

izixhobo Golgi: umsebenzi

Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, organelles imisebenzi zahlukahlukene kakhulu.

• Apha ukuguqulwa lwenziwa ngokutsha kuhlelwe iimolekyuli protein. Kwiimeko ezininzi, kwemolekyuli iproteni iqhotyoshelwe ukuya carbohydrate, sulphate okanye phosphorus olukhulu. Ngenxa yoko, Golgi izixhobo unoxanduva lokuqulunqa kweziyi le inwebu plasma, iienzymes kunye neeproteni lysosomal.
• izixhobo Golgi unoxanduva zothutho iiprotheni kwalungiswa kumanxuwa athile cell. Ukusuka kwelentshona ye-isandla kuhlukaniswe ngokusisigxina amaqampu amancinane, nto leyo zineproteni epheleleyo.
• Apha, ukwakheka kunye nezothutho enqanda lysosomal.
• Le ukuqanda yetanki kukho ukuqokelela lipids, yaye ekugqibeleni ukuyilwa lipoproteins - entsonkothileyo protein kunye lipid iimolekyuli.
• Golgi izixhobo lomthiyiseli a linoxanduva Yindibanisela polysaccharides, leyo zilandelwa ukuyilwa yeseli udonga izityalo, kwakunye yencindi, pectins, isiHindi kunye amafutha.
• Emva ukwahlula plant cells Golgi isakhiwo ithatha inxaxheba lokusekwa plate cell.
• Kule sperm organelle ithatha inxaxheba lokusekwa enzayim acrosome, apho ukutshabalala inwebu iqanda ekukhulelweni.
• Abameli Iiseli lenyama le Golgi isakhiwo inoxanduva ukuyilwa vacuoles contractile elawula xi osmotic.

Kakade ke, oku akuthethi uluhlu olupheleleyo lwazo zonke imisebenzi. izazinzulu Modern nangoku ukuqhuba iintlobo zophando, kusetyenziswa ubuchwepheshe yakutshanje. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba kwiminyaka embalwa elandelayo, uluhlu Golgi imisebenzi ezinzima ziya kwandisa kakhulu. Kodwa sele singatsho ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba lo organelle ixhasa eqhelekileyo yokusebenza iiseli kwaye yonke eziphilayo.