Umthetho yegolide zezoqoqosho zoshishino: ifomula. Into ebizwa ulawulo zegolide kuqoqosho?

Umthetho golden - yinto inesaci yokuziphatha, nto leyo ehambisana kunye imfuneko ngokufanayo xa ubudlelwane bala mazwe. umongo wayo ulula: kufuneka uhlonele abantu ngendlela ofuna ukuba baziphathe ngayo kuwe. Umthetho yegolide yoqoqosho kuthiwa imigaqo esisiseko ezisisiseko ukutyiwa. neendleko kufuneka bakhuselwe iirhafu kunye mboleko kufuneka senze utyalo-mali kuphela nekamva elingcono. Siza kusebenza lo mgaqo kubomi bemihla ngemihla. Ndidinga ixesha lokucinga ngaphambi kwexesha elilandelayo ukuthatha efowuni omtsha ngetyala. Ukuze benze loo iimpazamo, makhe sijonge oko kuthiwa ulawulo legolide economics.

intsingiselo Original zefilosofi

Ngaphambi kokuba udlulele phambili koko kuthiwa ulawulo segolide ezoqoqosho, cinga ingqiqo ngokubanzi. UMthetho Omkhulu, okanye konikezelo ngokufanayo - yinto inesaci yokuziphatha okanye umgaqo, esizibonakalisa ngohlobo inkalo entle okanye embi:

• Wonke umntu kufuneka baziphathe ngendlela afuna ukuba ukunyanga kuye. Lo mgaqo ingavezwa elihle okanye uhlobo izilungiso.
• Akuyomfuneko Enye ukuba siziphathe akafuni ukuba abanye bakuphathe kuye. Oku kuboniswa ngendlela negative okanye ayabiza.

Kulula ukuba uqaphele ukuba ukuphunyezwa inguqulelo efanelekileyo yemimiselo kakhulu nzima ngemihla ngakumbi ebomini. Umthetho yegolide ngale ndlela ikhuthaza abantu nje kuphela ngoyaba iintswelo zabanye, kodwa kwakhona ukuba ukwabelana nabo iingenelo, kwakunye ukubaxhasa.

in inkolo

Ingcinga, ekuthiwa ulawulo segolide kuqoqosho amanga intliziyo of Christianity, Islam, ubuHindu nobuBhuda. Ingcinga yokuqala ukuvela eYiputa yamandulo. Yayibizwa ngokuba "Maat," kwaye kuqala okhankanywe kwimbali umlimi liciko (2040-1650 gg. BC. E.). Kwisihlandlo sokuqala sijamelene kunye nomyalelo entle kamva eyayiza kuba yinxalenye umthetho segolide. Kwixesha kamva eYiputa yamandulo (664-323 BC. E.) On ngqangi iye yabhalwa inxalenye ezimbi yesibini esixubusha namhlanje imilinganiselo yokuziphatha.

incazelo lwangoku

Igama elithi "umthetho yegolide" iye zazisetyenziswa ngenkulungwane ye-17 ekuqaleni eBritani, umzekelo, oko ufumaneka umsebenzi Charles Gibbon. Namhlanje ifumaneka phantse zonke iinkolo kunye nezithethe yokuziphatha. Umthetho yegolide ke zichazwe ngokwemigaqo bulumko, ngezengqondo, yokuhlalisana kunye economics. Ngokomthetho yonke sihla kukukwazi amncede kunye nokuqondwa nabantu ukujikeleza lo mntu. Richard Swift wathi ukuba ulawulo segolide kuqoqosho akanelisekanga, ngoko oko kubonisa ukuhla karhulumente (uluntu). Ngoku kuqwalasela oku yintoni na ingcamango elinikiweyo.

Umthetho legolide Business Economics

State - nhlangano enkulu. Enyanisweni, izixhobo engundoqo amandla kunye wengingqi self-government - ulawulo yayo. Yintoni ingqalelo ulawulo zegolide kwezoqoqosho, ebonakalaliswe zonke ukusebenza kwezoshishino. Oku sisiseko ekuthiwa ngokunyaniseka izinto ukwenza. Nayiphi na inkampani kufuneka asebenzise imali yawo ukuze ukuhlangabezana iindleko yayo yangoku. Kakade ke, ungasoloko ukuthatha. Kodwa oku kuya kuphela isiphumo elifutshane. Ngoko ke, mboleko bavunyelwe kuphela utyalomali kwizibonelelo, uphando kunye nezinye iiprojekthi. Kuphela mboleko ezinjalo ziya kuzuza izizukulwana zexesha elizayo. Umthetho yegolide yoqoqosho, formula oye nje kuxoxiwe, sisiseko wokulungelelanisa izicwangciso mali US. Ezinye iingcali zithi kufuneka kusetyenziswa ngexesha ukuwa. Urhulumente kufuneka ukunciphisa umva kwi iseti ezifumanekayo kubo iinkonzo zentlalo. Kodwa ngaba le sithuba somjikelo zoshishino zifuneka kakhulu kubemi abaqhelekileyo?

Iimpawu ze-nkqubo esebenzayo karhulumente

Umthetho legolide kwamashishini uqoqosho kufuneka enze isikhokelo sophuhliso sicwangciso kuphela umbutho ngamnye. Ukubaluleka kwalo mgaqo kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo yezemali kwalo naliphi na ilizwe. Uthi ukuba mboleko zikarhulumente ukuba kusetyenziswa kuphela utyalo-mali, ukuba imali ukusetyenziswa yangoku. Ngoko ke, umthetho yegolide - sisiseko-mali ezinzileyo. uzinzo yombuso kuxhomekeke lulwahlulo ubungakanani kwicandelo likarhulumente kwingeniso yesizwe. Ingcaciso ulawulo yegolide-nkqubo karhulumente iqulethwe kule mbono soqoqosho. Ukwanda urhulumente azakuboleka kukhokelela ekwandeni izinga lenzala, leyo kunciphisa isixa lotyalo-mali kuqoqosho.

Enhle rate yokonga

Isiseko yoqoqosho - yinto kancane. Umthetho yegolide ithi ukuba ekunene lelona zinga imali, nto leyo nkulu kwinqanaba rhoqo nokusetyenziswa okanye inika ukukhula yakutshanje. Umzekelo, oku kusetyenziswa xa imodeli Solow. Kwakhona, ingqiqo zifumaneka kumsebenzi kaYohane von kunikezelo kunye Alle Morisa. Noko ke, ixesha lokuqala elithi "izinga yokonga umthetho osemqoka" wasetyenziswa Edmund Phelps ngo-1961.

Ukusetyenziswa kwemithetho kumazwe ahlukeneyo

Ngowe-1997, emva koko-Chancellor of the United Kingdom Treasury Gordon Braun wavakalisa isiseko-mali omtsha. Ngaloo ndlela 'umthetho yegolide "ngesandla ukukhanya of Labour Party ixesha elide weza ukusetyenziswa ezopolitiko British. Ngo-2009, ukubuyisela ulawulo yegolide kwi-UK weza kumgaqo-mali ezinzileyo. State eboleka ngonyaka ngamnye kufuneka ingadluli 40% efunyenwe ngayo imveliso kwesambuku.

EJamani ngowe-2009, ngokuchaseneyo, sibe isilungiso siseko silinganisa mali. Iyilelwe ukuba 'isantya "ukukhula amatyala. Reform kufuneka iqale kwasekuqaleni 2016. E France, kuba lwabiwo elungeleleneyo ngo-2011, wavota endlwini asezantsi epalamente. Noko ke, okwangoku wangena force kuba inkqubo umGaqo-siseko sele awukapheli. Spanish Yeengwevu wavota kwicala nokusekwa umda intsilelo noshowo. Le utshintsho lomGaqo-siseko uya kuqala ukusebenza ngo-2020. Ngo-Italy, imbopheleleko mali elungeleleneyo esebenzayo ukususela 2014.

Ngenxa yoko, nathi sinokuqiniseka ukuba ulawulo segolide kuqoqosho - ayikho nje ingqiqo yeengcingane, kodwa umgaqo kakhulu ngempumelelo esebenzayo, ngoku athe aphumeza kumazwe amaninzi ahambele phambili.