Zamasiko amagciwane: ukuchonga, inkcazelo, iimpawu kunye nokusebenza

Microbiology - inzululwazi mihla ebanzi lifunda iimpawu kumzimba, morphology kunye systematics ngayo iintsholongwane. Ihlabathi zizityebi prokaryotes inani elikhulu kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo. Ukuba ukuhlola konke parameters ezi Cya asebenza kunye neenkcubeko zazo kumajelo ezikhethekileyo zizondlo phantsi kweemeko abawaziyo. Iipropati Cultural iintsholongwane - yenye yeendlela ezibaluleke ukuchonga kwaye bafunde prokaryotes.

Yintoni ithanga le ntsholongwane?

Kuyinto ezisitheleyo prokaryotes - a eziphilayo olunye-ezineseli. Zibe lula yaye ngokukhawuleza nande, kabini ngangenani lazo, ngokwesiko ezinye iingqikelelo, yonke imizuzu 20-30. Asinto nzima ndiyaqonda ukuba lo ukuqhubela zejometri lokukhula inkcubeko.

Colony - inzala iseli enye, olwenzeka esibonakalayo eninzi ezincinane kwi medium kwezondlo. Kubungakanani thanga, umbala wayo kunye nezinye iimpawu morphological kwinkcubeko elebhu ukuchaza iimpawu iintsholongwane.

Ku dyondza parameters uluhlu ngamnye iiseli prokaryotic, okhethekileyo sokondla esiphakathi. Yena Cya Ungaphinda-phinda ngokukhawuleza, t. To. Oku ubunjwe kwezinto ezibalulekileyo nethe le ntsholongwane. Ngenxa yoko, emva kweentsuku 4-5 (ixesha inokwahluka) kwi-Petri esityeni kuvela kwindawo ebonakalayo perceptible, yaye okusebenzayo.

Isampuli iintsholongwane afunyenwe kuwo nawuphi na bume, pre-exutywe ukwenzela ukunciphisa inani iintsholongwane nganye kwiyunithi umthamo. Le nkqubo yenziwa ngenxa yomsebenzi bekhululekile kwixesha elizayo, okt. K. The ngokugqithiseleyo Ukuhlwayela silwanyana ukukhula medium ukuba elo legqunyiwe ngomaleko gqolo ngamathanga (ebizwa ngokuba "pitch"). Ngoko ke amanqaku ngamnye ngokungangqalanga, kunye neenkqubo ezininzi ayinakwenzeka ukwenza.

Ingcamango kwezakhiwo iintsholongwane nenkcubeko

wenza njani uhlahlelo amathanga ezincinane? Yintoni i parameters zinokubazezi kuqwalaselwa kwi sifundo?

Iimpawu amathanga iintsholongwane ngokwanda medium yenziwe ngokwemimiselo eziliqela. Ezi ziquka iipropati morphological, kwemichiza kunye nokomzimba ezincinane, yaye zonke ezi parameters azimisele kwi zigaba elebhu. Umzekelo, ukwahlukana ezibonwayo nwe igciwane ukuba babhaliswa ngoko nangoko emva kokuba kulinywe zabo. Ezinye iimpawu ziye kufundwe kunye nezixhobo ezizodwa (microscope) okanye iindlela ezithile zokusebenza kunye metabolites analyzers izinto, zombala, iienzymes kunye nezinye iimveliso metabolic prokaryotic.

Ezinye iimpawu iintsholongwane nenkcubeko ziboniswa apha ngezantsi.

1. Ubungakanani koloni. Kunokuba ezincinane kakhulu, amancinci, aphakathi kunye enkulu. Ubukhulu bepali ulinganiswa milimitha kwaye zingaqala 0.1 ukuya kwezi-5 nangaphezulu. Amathanga hayi ngaphezulu kwe-1 mm ubukhulu, zibizwa ngokuba ingongoma.

2. Lo mbala kunye nesakhono ukukhulula mbala imibala kokusingqongileyo.

3.Poverhnost. Apha, oko kumiselwa ingaba egudileyo, rough, engalinganiyo okanye lisongwe kwaphela.

4. Ubume thanga: mngxuma, khaxa, tapered okanye iflethi nje.

5. Ubume koloni. Kunokuba zibe mpuluswa, struychatoy, irhabaxa okanye isohlwayo.

6. Iipropati Optical: selubala, kwawo, ngaphaya kwawo, ezijiko-jiko, Matt okanye shiny;

7. nokuvumelana. Le ndawo ingaba ulwelo okanye viscous, intlama okanye filmy, olunamafutha okanye krobo.

8.Kray ikoloni: agudileyo, lobed, rizoidny, esimfaneleko, scalloped, etc ...

Ukuba usebenza namaqela amancinane iiseli usebenzisa ngemicroscope. Kunye ukunyuka okungephi kunokubonwa kwaye ngohlangothi thanga, kunye iprofayili balo komhlaba. Ezinye iimpawu ziphandwa ngoncedo kweekhemikhali. Ukuzinza ingafunyanwa ngokuthinta ndzhendzheleko zintsholongwane okanye sokukhetha umbala leli koloni. Oko zamasiko zengqo- ngayo iintsholongwane.

yokuzalela

Isetyenziswa amagciwane ngenkuthalo nande kwilabhoretri eendaba inkcubeko. Basenokuba zemifuno okanye imvelaphi yezilwanyana, kunye ukungaguquguquki - okuqinileyo okanye ulwelo. Ipharamitha ebalulekileyo ekwenziweni kwimixube enjalo ubumuncu rhoqo ingcinezelo osmotic kwaye, kakade, ubukho enqanda, iivithamini, ngemithamo kunye macrocells. Musa ukulibala malunga nemithombo carbon, nitrogen kunye hydrogen.

kufuneka eliphakathi lwezondlo ukuba selubala okanye ngaphaya kwawo, ukuze abe nako ukuchonga ngokuchanekileyo iipropati gciwane inkcubeko. Agar ngoyena ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziswe ukuqala ekuveliseni njenge eziphathekayo. Angaba khona ulwelo (otyhidiweyo) karhulumente, kodwa ubukhulu becala sele nangoko agalelwa petri dish kwaye lukhuni.

media alulwelo zokondla nazo kusetyenziswa imiqathango elebhu, kodwa ke ngenxa yokuba imeko udibaniso lwe amalungu ezincinane, iimpawu inkcubeko neentsholongwane bafunda kancinci eyahlukileyo. Kukho zibalulekile iparameters ezifana iqondo turbidity, umphezulu, okanye kufutshane ukukhula udonga phezu ezantsi. Le granular kwenze, yohlobo olunye okanye ngohlobo kukubola, kunye nezinye iimpawu ezinokuba ibonakala kuphela kwixesha eliphakathi engamanzi.

Izixhobo emsebenzini

Nge ukuphululwa iiseli iintsholongwane zifuna ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zelebhu inzalo. Ukuhlwayela neempawu zokufunda nenkcubeko ezincinane kufuna loop ziibhakteriya okanye sokukhetha umbala Pasteur. Zombini ezi zixhobo kufuneka inzalo idangatye i isibane utywala, icebiso sokukhetha umbala ngaphambili anamathela.

Ezi zixhobo ezilula ukunceda xa usebenza izityalo elabhoratri njengolwimi eqinileyo kwaye lulwelo.

3 amathanga phase ngokwahlukana ekude

Le nkcazelo ukuqala ngokuqhelekileyo iqulethe umxube iintsholongwane ezahlukeneyo. Phawula neqela elifunekayo of amathanga angawodwa iiseli - inkqubo engqongqo efuna ingqalelo. Yena yahlulwe yaba ngamanqanaba amathathu:

1. Ukuba kude batch inkcubeko iintsholongwane, phakathi apho kuyimfuneko ukuba sifunde.

2. Ukwabiwa weekoloni net ezisemajukujukwini ngoncedo iindlela ezizodwa uyakhetha.

3. Ukukhula nokukotshwa iintsholongwane iiseli, ethwele nabo.

Kakade ke, kuba "imveliso" iintsholongwane ezifunekayo ukuze bakufune ingqalelo aphezulu kokusingqongileyo, yaye kwimeko prokaryotes yayintsholongwane eyosulela okanye amathuba zonke Ungasebenzisa indlela zebhayoloji yophando. Umongo oku kukuba umzimba enyulwe, nto leyo ibonakalisa uvakalelo igciwane. Oko kubangela kwizilwanyana, aze ngenxa yoko kwisampula igazi, unokufumana umsebenzi omninzi ezifunekayo iiseli prokaryotic.

Wedwa ekude amakoloni

Iipropati Cultural iintsholongwane kuvavanywa kuphela kumathanga ekwanti acwengileyo. Ukuze ufumane nayiphi na iintlobo ngeentlobo basemzini iintsholongwane kwi petri dish, usebenzisa indlela Goch. kubume bayo usendleleni yokuba izinto ezintathu ezahlukeneyo kwaye simahla indebe kunye eliphakathi yezondlo ibekwe iintsholongwane ezifanelekileyo. Kwaye yenza yomtya efanayo okanye sokukhetha umbala eyintsalela, r. E. Akukho ngakumbi kokuphalwa iiseli iintsholongwane emva kokuba eliphakathi nenkcubeko iindebe yokuqala neyesibini. Ngoko ke, ngomhla wesithathu inani iintsholongwane kuya kuncipha kwaye kuya kuba lula ukufumana koloni isifundo.

zamasiko - iziseko eziphilayo

Study kweeseli iintsholongwane usoloko uqala ucazululo koloni lazo. Ngokutsho uluhlu ethile yemida ichaza iqela ezincinane kwi petri, kwaye ngoko ke smear Iqinisekile yaye ngaloo ndlela ulungiselela ichiza. Ithathwa ngemakroskopu kwaye sele ukuchaza iiseli ngamanye koloni. Zombini izenzo ayimfuneko ukwenzela ukuba kube nokuqatshelwa iintsholongwane: yayintsholongwane eyosulela okanye hayi, iqela taxonomic na, njalo-njalo ..

Apho unokufumana iintsholongwane?

Phantse kuyo yonke indawo. Zihlala emoyeni, yaye umhlaba ngamandlakazi, nasemanzini, yaye kwiimeko ezinjalo ezinzima, ezifana iigiza, mlilo, okanye, icala, umkhenkce Arctic. Iibhiliyoni iintsholongwane ezifumaneka emzimbeni wethu womntu, yaye phakathi kwabo kukho zombini iintlobo kuyingenelo yaye izifo.

Smear kunye nayiphi na indawo, ukuba ayiyi zintsholongwane ngaphambili, isidlo petri uya kukunika iqela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ngamathanga. Iintsholongwane isiqhuma iseli okanye akunjalo, oko kuxhomekeke nokuqulunqwa kwe zeendawana kwezondlo, nto leyo ngokufuthi esetyenziselwa ezikhulayo iintsholongwane kuyimfuneko. Ngoko ke, izicwangciso kwangaphambili bume lonyulo apho kuphela iindidi ezithile iintsholongwane kuphila.

Nokumisa belizwe zisetyenziswa okanye ukuchongwa iipropati bacteria inkcubeko. Microbiology iingxaki eziqhelekileyo ezifana imbewu nokukhula amathanga, isampuli zazo, izixhobo nzala kunye nomsebenzi ngocoselelo phezu nedangatye isibane somoya.

isiphelo

Kwiilebhu ezininzi zebhayoloji wayeqhuba isifundo leeseli esihlobene imvelaphi ezahlukeneyo. Oku amaziko zokuxilonga kunye nemibutho zenzululwazi. Iipropati Cultural iintsholongwane - yenye indlela yokwazi magciwane ezinceda xa usebenza nge "cocktails" yeendidi ezahlukeneyo prokaryotes. Kwakhona, ulwazi malunga ngendlela indlela iqela kubandakanya enye okanye enye iseli, evumela kanye kwakhona ukuqinisekisa indlela yalo ukufunda izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo.