Dzhon Lokk: iingcamango ezingundoqo. Dzhon Lokk - sobulumko IsiNgesi

Iimfundiso Dzhona Lokka kwaba nefuthe elibaluleke kakhulu imibuzo bulumko, imfundo, umthetho karhulumente, apho kwakusebenza ngenkulungwane ye-17. Nguye owasungula umntu iimfundiso ezintsha yezopolitiko yaye ngokomthetho, kamva yaziwa ngokuba "imfundiso liberalism yongxowankulu yokuqala."

biography

Locke wazalwa ngo-1632 kwintsapho zamaPuritan. Abafundileyo e Westminster School kunye noKristu Church College. Kwikholeji, waqalisa umsebenzi wakhe lwezenzululwazi nomfundisi Greek ulwimi, intanda engathi. Ngeli xesha ebotshelelwe iyazazi nesazi-nzulu esidumileyo yendalo uRobert Boyle. Ndawonye naye, Locke wachitha kweliso metrological, chemistry wafunda kakhulu. Kamva, Dzhon Lokk ngokuzimisela wafunda amayeza kwaye ngo-1668 waba lilungu Royal Society of London.

Ngowe-1667, Dzhon Lokk wadibana kunye neNkosi Eshli Kuperom. Le ndoda ongaqhelekanga ngokuchasene kwinkundla yakomkhulu kwaye wagxeka ulawulo lwangoku. Dzhon Lokk ushiya yokufundisa Ulohlalisa kwilifa yeNkosi Cooper abe nomhlobo wakhe, iqabane kunye nogqirha zobuqu.

ubuqili yezopolitiko, behluleke yazibandakanya ibhotwe kwanyanzeleka iNkosi Ashley ukuba asabe kunxweme lwabo lweenkobe. Emva ukuba thutha eNetherlands kunye Dzhon Lokk. Iimbono ezisisiseko bezisa izazinzulu ezaziwayo-kakuhle, kwasekwa kanye in yokushiywa. Iminyaka kwilizwe langaphandle, baye echumayo kakhulu kwikhondo Locke kaThixo.

Iinguqu ezenzeka eNgilani ngenkulungwane ye-17 emva kwexesha, Locke bavunyelwa ukuba babuyele ekhaya. ngokuzithandela sobulumko ukusebenza kunye norhulumente omtsha kunye kwexesha elithathwayo kwizikhundla ezibalulekileyo phantsi kolawulo olutsha. Post elijongene Trade kunye nakwiindawo eziphakathi ezingamathanga baba zamvanje umsebenzi sisazinzulu yakhe. isifo pulmonary kubangela ukuba asule, yaye bonke ubomi bakhe wachitha kwidolophu Oates, welifa abahlobo bakhe abasondeleyo.

Okulandelayo ifilosofi

Umsebenzi ongundoqo bulumko ukuba sisazinzulu yaziwa kakuhle, njengoko "Izincoko Ngokuphathelele Ukuqonda Human." Kulo mbhalo utyhila inkqubo reseach bulumko (uvavanyo). Esi sisiseko samazwi okuqukumbela azikho ukuqiqa, kodwa eyona. Utsho Dzhon Lokk. Intanda kwesi sicwangciso uphikisana kunye-nkqubo yehlabathi ekhoyo. Kulo msebenzi, le nzulu uthi isiseko isifundo ihlabathi ngamava oluvo, kwaye kuphela ngoncedo kweekhamera onokufikelela ulwazi oluthembekileyo, wokwenene ezicacileyo.

Okulandelayo ukuba inkolo

imisebenzi Scientific lo bulumko kunye nenkxalabo inkqubela namaziko zonqulo ezazikho ngelo xesha eNgilani. Eyaziwa yesandla ye "Ukhuselo non-conformism" yaye "isincoko angabunyamezeli", ibhalwe Dzhon Lokk. Iimbono engundoqo oluchazwe kule azibhala lushicilelwe, kwaye le nkqubo ngokupheleleyo izixhobo ibandla, ingxaki inkululeko yesazela unqulo luye thaca kwi "Ileta Ngokuphathelele Ukuvumela."

Lo msebenzi umisela ukuba wonke umntu unelungelo lenkululeko yesazela. Scientist ubongoza amaziko karhulumente ukuqaphela ukhetho lonqulo ilungelo kweemfanelo wonke ummi. Icawa lokwenyaniso kwimisebenzi yayo, ngokutsho sisazinzulu, ukuba kubuyiswe unenceba nemfesane; ngamandla yeCawa kunye neemfundiso zeCawa kufuneka ukuphelisa ubundlobongela nangayiphi na indlela. Nangona kunjalo, lo unyamezelwano elithembekileyo kufuneka abanike lona abo angagqali imithetho zomthetho karhulumente, omkhanyelayo imilinganiselo yokuziphatha oluntu kwaye ubukho beNkosi, ngokutsho Dzhon Lokk. Eyona ingcamango "Letter Ngokuphathelele angabunyamezeli" - yokulingana amalungelo lonke uluntu zonqulo ukwahlulwa wegunya karhulumente ibandla.

"Nengqiqo kobuKristu njengoko kubhaliwe thaca kwiZibhalo," umsebenzi wakutshanje kuphando lwe-bulumko, apho okugxininisa oku zayimbumba yamanyama kuThixo. UbuKrestu, kuqala - iseti imilinganiselo yokuziphatha, ekufuneka ngqo wonke umntu, ngokutsho Dzhon Lokk. Iinkqubo le bulumko entsimini lonqulo, iimfundiso zonqulo ziye zacebisa iindawo ezimbini ezintsha - deism IsiNgesi kwaye latitudinarizmom - imfundiso Ukuvumela.

Okulandelayo kwithiyori komthetho

umbono kwakhe yoluntu nje J. isixhobo. Locke echazwe yomsebenzi "Ababini ezinde of Government". Isiseko kuba imisebenzi imfundiso imeko kokuvela uluntu abantu 'yendalo'. Ngokutsho nzulu, ekuqaleni ubukho uluntu ongazange eyaziwa imfazwe, bonke bayalingana, kwaye "Akukho bani mkhulu kunomntu lowo." Nangona kunjalo, xa kuluntu enjalo, akukho imizimba zokusuphavayiza, nto leyo eza kuphelisa umahluko, ukusombulula iingxabano impahla, esetyenziswa ukwenza ngobulungisa. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba amalungelo abantu abantu bakha uluntu yezopolitiko - karhulumente. amaziko karhulumente emfundo Uxolo esekelwe phezu imvume bonke abantu - sisiseko indalo ngokwanelisayo kukarhulumente. Utsho Dzhon Lokk.

Uluvo oluphambili imo inguqu kwezentlalo ukuyilwa amagunya ezopolitiko kunye nezigwebo, nto leyo iza kukhusela amalungelo abantu bonke. Kuba urhulumente unelungelo lokusebenzisa amandla ukuze bazikhusele ekuhlaselweni amazwe, ngokunjalo esweni ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho zasekhaya. Imfundiso Dzhona Lokka echazwe kulo msebenzi, ubanga unelungelo lokususa urhulumente ukuba ngabemi musa ukwenza imisebenzi yabo okanye kakubi igunya.

Elandelayo pedagogy

"Abanye Iingcinga Ngokuphathelele leMfundo." - isincoko John Locke kaThixo, apho uyangqina ukuba okusingqongileyo ngayo kwimpembelelo umntwana isigqibo. Ekuqaleni wophuhliso lwawo, umntwana uphantsi kweempembelelo abazali nootitshala kuye umfuziselo yokuziphatha. Njengoko bekhula umntwana ufumana free. Wayirhola ingqalelo sobulumko kunye nemfundo ebonakalayo yabantwana. Education, njengoko kucacisiwe kule ncwadi, ukuba kufuneka zisekelwe ukusetyenziswa enolwazi eziyimfuneko ukuze ubomi kuluntu yamaphephandaba, kunokuba kwi isifundo lenzululwazi kwizifundo ngaphandle kokusebenzisa practical. Lo msebenzi uye wagxeka yi-Priste Worcester, lowo Locke bazibandakanye ngokuphindaphindiweyo polemics, sokulwela izimvo zabo.

Uphawu ngembali

Sobulumko, igqwetha, inkokeli yonqulo, utitshala yekhasi - konke oku Dzhon Lokk. azibhala ifilosofi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno esebenzayo nemiqathango kwinkulungwane entsha - kwinkulungwane ye yiEnlightenment, olufunyanisiweyo, inzululwazi ezintsha kunye namazwe ezintsha.