Oosonzululwazi edume kakhulu ehlabathini naseRashiya. Ngubani na lo sisazinzulu idumileyo ehlabathini?

Biography of zonke sisazinzulu ukuze siqonde ngcono indlela yakhe eya kwimpumelelo ezinkulu kwaye sijonge ezinye iinyani ezinika umdla. Ukuze sinengcamango yokuba indlela inzululwazi ayenzayo, kubalulekile ukufunda ngokweenkcukacha ubuncinane amabali ezimbalwa yamanani yayo phambili.

Amanani kakhulu kakhulu

Kwimeko nganye kwezi nkalo kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo izazinzulu ibalulekileyo. Ngoko ke, ugqirha ilungileyo yaseBritani waba Fleming. Abaqambi ibalulekileyo Russia - Popov. ULeonardo da Vinci, njengoko Renaissance umntu oyinyaniso, wabonisa ezahlukahlukeneyo eetalente. NjengoPascal, Tesla nabanye - i zezibalo zibhetele yemvelo, ogama iminikelo kunokubonwa ebomini mihla. One of them - sisazinzulu idumileyo? Wonke lifanelwe ingqalelo ngokulinganayo.

Alexander Fleming

Abaqambi elizayo penicillin wazalwa ngo-Agasti 1881 kwidolophu encinane Scottish of Lochfilde. Ukufumana imfundo aphakamileyo, waya eLondon waza waba ngumfundi kwi-Royal Polytechnic Institute. Ngomhla ngengcebiso yamachiza echubekileyo umzalwana wakhe Toma uAleksandr wagqiba ukwenza inzululwazi, kwaye ngo-1903 aya kusebenza esibhedlele iSt Mary waza waqalisa umkhuba zotyando. Emva kwemfazwe, apho wabona abantu abaninzi, Fleming wagqiba ukufumana ichiza ukuba wayeza kukwazi ukumelana izifo. izazinzulu British edumileyo ziye zasebenza lo mba, kodwa akukho namnye likwazile ukuba bazuze iziphumo ezibonakalayo. Le nto iye yasungulwa - kubola, kuphela zanciphisa imisebenzi zokhuselo lomzimba. Fleming wabonisa ukuba olu unyango ezingafanelekanga unyango amanxeba anzulu. Ngo-1928 waqalisa ukufunda iintsholongwane lwesikhumba kunye nentsapho yakhe. Ngenye imini, emva kokubuya ekhefini, Fleming wafumanisa phezu amathanga etafileni amagciwane ebikubetha iintsholongwane eziyingozi. Le Isazinzulu wagqiba ekubeni bakhule umngundo ekwimo esulungekileyo kwaye ingadibani penicillin yakhe. Ide novalo kwakhe bagqibelela ifomu bakhe yaye kungekudala yaba imveliso omkhulu-abasakhasayo senziwa ezibhedlele. Ngowe-1944, kunye ne-ugxa Flory wafumana liqhawe. Amagama izazinzulu abadumileyo beza kwiKomiti Nobel, kwaye sele ngo-1945 ukuba wafumana ibhaso entsimini yamayeza. Le Royal College of yooGqirha Fleming wenza ilungu yekhethelo. Asingabo bonke izazinzulu British ezaziwayo liyi kwempumelelo ezinjalo. Fleming - an italente obalaseleyo kunye umntu elingene kukhankanywa kulo naluphi na uluhlu lwe woogqirha kakhulu ehlabathini.

Gregor Mendel

Izazinzulu ezininzi ezaziwayo-kakuhle baye bafumana imfundo ngokucokisekileyo. Umzekelo, Gregor Mendel wazalwa ngoJulayi 1882 kwintsapho abalimi elula baqeqeshwa kwi-Theological Institute. All of ulwazi lwabo olunzulu malunga nale nto ifumene wayo. Kungekudala waqalisa ukufundisa, uze emva koko waya kwiDyunivesithi yase Vienna, apho waqalisa ukwenza kwizityalo hybrid. Ekubeni imifuniselo emininzi ertyisi wanika imfundiso imithetho ilifa. Amagama izazinzulu abaziwayo ngokufuthi beluqhuqha ngeentlondi zabo, yaye Mendel, wayexakekile. Gregor akanamdla imisebenzi koogxa bakhe, wayeka umsebenzi wakhe elabhoratri baba umphathi woonongendi. Uhlobo olululo yophando lwakhe kunye nentsingiselo yazo enzulu kwacaca kuphela zebhayoloji ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini, emva kokufa Gregor Mendel. Famous oosonzululwazi Russian nehlabathi ukusebenzisa iingcamango zakhe ngoku. imigaqo Mendel ngayo olufundwayo kwinqanaba elisisiseko ezikolweni.

Leonardo da Vinci

Zimbalwa izazinzulu ezaziwayo-kakuhle nje othandwayo Leonardo. Yena waba yamachiza obalaseleyo nje kuphela, kodwa uMdali, imizobo yakhe yaye eqingqiweyo ziyachulumancisa abantu ehlabathini lonke, yaye ubomi bakhe uyasikhuthaza ukuba imisebenzi: it - umntu ngokwenene umdla yaye kungakholeleki. Lo mzobo omkhulu Renaissance wazalwa ngo-Apreli 1452. Ukususela ebuntwaneni Leonardo, wayenomdla peyinta, ukwakha kunye imikrolo. It wayebalasele yi kulwazi onomtsalane zenzululwazi zendalo, physics nakwimathematika. Uninzi imisebenzi yakhe ziye zahlolwa kuphela kwenkulungwane, kwaye ababephila ngokufuthi musa ukunikela ingqalelo kubo. Leonardo awayezithanda ingcamango -moya, kodwa ukuguqulela imisebenzi kwakhe ayiphumelelanga projekthi. Ngaphezu koko, uye wafunda ezininzi imithetho ulwelo kunye hydraulics. Amagcisa Famous Scientists kunqabile adumileyo kunye nendlela. Leonardo i igcisa enkulu, umbhali edume "Mona Lisa" yaye imizobo "isidlo sangokuhlwa sokugqibela." Wahlala emveni kwakhe kunye ngqangi ezininzi. Izazinzulu ezininzi amazwe kunye abaziwayo Russian sebenzisa ixesha yokusebenza da Vinci wadala de 1519 xa wafa ngexesha eFransi.

Blez Paskal

-Nzulu French wazalwa ngoJuni 1623 e Clermont-Ferrand, kwintsapho sokugweba. uyise Pascal kaThixo wayesaziwa ngenxa yothando lwakhe yenzululwazi. Ngowe-1631 intsapho yakowabo yafudukela eParis, apho uBlaise wabhala iphepha yakhe yokuqala malunga isandi imizimba eshukuma - Kwathi, xa wayeneminyaka eli-11 kuphela ubudala. Zimbalwa izazinzulu ezaziwayo-kakuhle eRashiya ihlabathi liyi yimpumelelo bokuqala! UBlaise yabothusa abantu ubuchule bakhe zemathematika, wakwazi ukungqina ukuba udibaniso engile kanxantathu ulingana engile ezimbini ekunene. 16, wabhala ama kwi namacala abhaliwe kwisangqa. On isekelwe kamva eyaziwa theorem Pascal luya kuphuhliswa. Ngowe-1642, uBlaise iphuhlise Umatshini wokubala ngomatshini ukuba akwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yokudibanisa nokuthabatha. Noko ke, ezinye izazinzulu ezininzi abadumileyo kunye bakufumeneyo, uBlaise kunye "Pascaline 'wakhe awuzange ube kwaziwa kakuhle kakhulu phakathi kwabantu bexesha lakhe. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, iinguqulelo bakhe umxholo koomatshini computing zigcinwa kwi iimyuziyam kakhulu eYurophu. Ukongeza, igalelo elikhulu of Pascal kwinzululwazi - izibalo ayo izazinzulu mihla.

Alexander Popov

Izazinzulu ezininzi odumileyo Russian baye benza fyabo, ngoku esetyenziswa yi ehlabathini lonke. .Eli xhala kunye Alexander Popov, uMdali irediyo, owazalelwa kwilali phambene umbingeleli usapho. imfundo Okokuqala bafumana kwaba kwisikolo yonqulo, emva koko wangena sobufundisi. Ukuya kwiYunivesithi yase St. Petersburg, Popov wachaswa neengxaki zemali, ngoko ngokunxuseneyo kunye izifundo kwakufuneka ukuba asebenze. Alexander waba nomdla physics waza waqalisa ukufundisa kuyo Kronstadt. Ukususela 1901 waba unjingalwazi Electrical Engineering Institute e St. Petersburg, yaye kamva waba onguMphathi yayo. Umdla engundoqo wobomi bakhe, wahlala zokuqamba imifuniselo. Wafunda amaza. Ngowe-1895 Wayisondeza unomathotholo yoluntu. Ukususela 1897 wasebenza uphuculo yayo. Assistants Popov Rybkin kunye Emnye yaqinisekisa ithuba ukuyisebenzisa ukuba senziwe kwi uphawu ukuva. Popov wenza utshintsho lokugqibela, yaye ngaloo ndlela ukudala isixhobo, apho ngoku phantse yonke ekhaya.

Nikola Tesla

Le Scientist wazalelwa Austria-Hungary. Kanye Popov, Tesla waye unyana wombingeleli. Ngowe-1870 waphumelela kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo kwaye ubhalise kwikholeji, apho waba nomdla ikharakhtha eyahlulayo. Kwiminyaka embalwa wasebenza njengomfundisi kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo, emva koko waya kwiDyunivesithi yase Prague. Ngaxeshanye, Nicola wasebenza kwinkampani yocingo, uze emva koko - Edison. Yonke iminyaka yoqeqesho wazama ukuba zizakhele i-injini yombane eyehlayo phezu alternating current. Waye wafudukela US, apho wachitha umsebenzi ngempumelelo ukuphucula imoto, wadalwa yi Edison. Noko ke, Tesla akazange afumane imali kuloo nto, uze ayeke waza waqalisa laboratory sakhe eNew York. Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini, UNikolai wayesele patent ezininzi - wenza imitha frequency nombane semitha. Ngo-1915 waye wachongwa ukuba Nobel Prize. Andizange bayeke ukusebenza kwaye wenze igalelo elibalulekileyo kwinzululwazi, wafa ngowe-1943 emva kwengozi - Tesla watshayiswa yimoto kunye ophuke kwakhokelela inyumoniya inzima kakhulu.

Friedrich Schiller

Njengoko wonke umntu uyazi, izazinzulu ezaziwayo-kakuhle kuba nje kuphela ebaleni Sciences ngqo. Umzekelo elisemagqabini lo Friedrich Schiller - mbali sobulumko owenze okuninzi kwimimandla yabo ngolwazi kuye waza wenza igalelo elikhulu ukuya nokubhala. Wazalwa ngo-1759 kwi-oyiNgcwele uBukhosi baseRoma, kodwa 1763 wafudukela nentsapho yakhe eJamani. Ngowe-1766 waba e baseLudwigsburg, apho waphumelela Faculty of Medicine. Schiller waqalisa ukwenza okungakumbi kwinkqubo yokufunda, yaye ngowe-1781 umdlalo wayo wokuqala wakhululwa yaye amkelwa enjalo kunyaka olandelayo owenziwa kwindawo yokubonela. Le piece ke kuseyinto enye melodramas zokuqala kwaye uspehnyh eYurophu. Kubo bonke ubomi bakhe, Schiller wasebenza, ukuguqulela imidlalo kwezinye iilwimi, yaye wafundisa kwi kwiiyunivesithi yembali nefilosofi.

Abraham Maslow

Abraham Maslow - bubungqina ukuba izazinzulu ezaziwayo-kakuhle zezibalo kuphela kunye yemvelo. imfundiso yakhe self-actualization wazi yonke into. Maslow wazalwa ngo-1908 e-New York. Abazali bakhe sele kakubi yaye uthotyiwe ngandlela zonke naye, yaye imvelaphi yakhe yobuYuda isizathu ezihlekisayo antisemitsskih koontanga bakhe. Kwathi kwi Abrahams kunomyeni entsonkothileyo encinane, ngenxa yokuba into ezimela elayibrari, wachitha khona iintsuku zakhe iincwadi. Kamva, yaqala eUre ebomini - okokuqala kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo, abathatha inxaxheba kwiiklabhu ezahlukeneyo, yaye emva koko kwi-Faculty of Psychology, apho nanako 1931 isidanga yenkosi. Ngowe-1937, Maslow waba lilungu yecandelo zekholeji eBrooklyn, apho wafika wasebenza uninzi lobomi bakhe. Xa kwaqalisa imfazwe, Maslow iye akasakulungelanga inkonzo, kodwa kwangaxeshanye wafunda lukhulu kwesi siganeko igazi - kuba nempembelelo uphando yakhe endle kwengqondo wobuntu. Ngowe-1943 Maslow iphuhlise imfundiso yakhe edumileyo lokukhuthazwa umntu, apho wathi umntu ngamnye iphiramidi lweemfuno ezifuna saneliseke self-actualization. Ngowe-1954 wapapasha incwadi "Inkuthazo kunye Personality", apho iinkcukacha mkhulu wamchazela ingcamango yakhe kuphuhliswa ngayo.

Albert Einstein

Nayiphi na ingxoxo phezu komxholo othi "oosonzululwazi adumileyo kunye bakufumeneyo" ziphelele ngaphandle kukhankanywa Alberta Eynshteyna, yamachiza misebenzi ngubani na kwi ngemvelaphi ukukhulelwa mihla kwale nzululwazi. Einstein wazalelwa eJamani ngowe-1879, ebesoloko inkwenkwe athobekile kwaye cwaka, akazange eme ngaphandle kuthelekiswa nabanye abantwana. Yaba kuphela xa lasiwa Kant, Einstein wafumanisa italente yakhe kweyobunzululwazi. Oku kwamnceda ukuba kugqiba ngempumelelo esikolweni samabanga aphakamileyo, ize ke Polytechnic yase Zurich e-Switzerland, apho wafudukela. Emva kwikholeji, waqala ukubhala amanqaku ezahlukeneyo kunye neminye imisebenzi, ukwenza uphando. Kakade ke, ekugqibeleni wakhokelela uthotho ezifunyaniswe ukuba baziwa ehlabathini lonke - ingcamango kwezinto, lo isivamvo, okukhe , njalo-njalo. Emva kwexesha elithile, Einstein wafudukela eUnited States, wahlala apho ukusebenza kwi yasePrinceton kwaye umise injongo - ukusebenza kwingcamango elidityanisiweyo yentsimi omxhuzulane-kagesi.

Andre-Marie Ampere

izazinzulu laziwa kwihlabathi abasebenze entsimini yemvelo, hayi kufunwa yi Einstein. Umzekelo, Andre-Marie Ampere wazalwa ngo-1775 e-France. Uyise wayengafuni unyana wakhe esembindini kumntu wonke, ngoko wayefundisa yena, yaye wancedisa kule ncwadi. Ampere wakhuliswa ngokoqobo phezu imisebenzi Rousseau, eyayiphazamisa umsebenzi wakhe kamva. Emva kokuba Revolution kunye kokufa Amper uyise utshata kwaye ibuyisela kwisiqhelo. Uyaqhubeka ukufundisa yaye waba ngumfundisi yemathematika kunye chemistry kwesinye izikolo ngo-1802. Kodwa ke, kwangaxeshanye, achophele uphando imfundiso yakhe edumileyo lilonke, ngenxa apho nguye kwi Paris Academy waza wabhala enye yemisebenzi yakhe eyaziwa kakhulu - ". Imfundiso okuba imidlalo" Ngowe-1809 Amps ifumana isihloko unjingalwazi, yaye ngowe-1814 waba lilungu Academy of Sciences. Emva koko waya uphando kwicandelo electrodynamics, kwaye ngo-1826 wadala umsebenzi yayo idumileyo - ". Mzobo lwenzululwazi theory okuba ngezenzeko electrodynamic"