Ukupheliswa kokutshutshiswa kwecala kunye nolwaphulo-mthetho (IsiGaba se-27 seNkqubo yoLwaphulo-mthetho)

Kwizenzo zomthetho kunye neencwadi kukho izihlandlo zokutshutshiswa kwecala kunye nolwaphulo-mthetho. Abantu abaninzi bacinga ukuba le nto yinto efanayo - ukupheliswa komnye kubandakanya ukupheliswa kokuzenzekelayo komnye. Nangona kunjalo, oku akusoloko kunjalo.

Ityala lolwaphulo-mthetho

Inkqubo iqala ngexesha apho kukho uxwebhu oluchaza ukuba ityala liqalisiwe, apho umphandi okanye umphandi ethatha. Ukongezelela, phambi koku, izenzo ezinokuthi zenzeke ngokukhawuleza zingaqhutyelwa, ezithe zenze uphando ngokwalo mthetho.

Kwimeko yezobugebengu, amanyathelo okhethekileyo kufuneka athathwe kuyo nayiphi na imeko, nangona ukuba umntu osokayo akafumaneki. Kwimeko enokuthi ibonakale njengeliphulo-mthetho, kwaye lininzi. Nangona abaphathi abachaphazelekayo bebandakanya ukukhangela umenzi wobubi, baqokelela ngokufana nesibonakaliso: ubungqina bobuqu, iirekhodi zokuphenywa kwamangqina, ixhoba (okanye umntu othabathayo) okanye iimeko zoluhlu lolwaphulo-mthetho.

Ukuba zonke iimeko sele zicacisiwe kwaye ummangali akaqatshelwa, le nqubo inqunyanyisiwe de kube kufumaneka umntu onetyala. Ngaloo nto, kucacile apha ukuba ityala lolwaphulo-mthetho alinalo ngabanye.

Ukupheliswa kwetyala lolwaphulo-mthetho luyakwenzeka ngokupheleleyo kwiimeko ezichazwe kwicandelo 24 loMgaqo weNkqubo yoLwaphulo-mthetho.

Ntshutshiso

Utshutshiso, ukusuka kwinqanaba leembono, lidibene ngqo ngokulandelelana, ukulandelela kunye nezinye izenzo ezifanayo.

Nangona kunjalo, ngokubhekiselele kwiCandelo 27 le-CCP RF, ukutshutshiswa malunga nesenzo sobugebengu kuwumsebenzi wokujolisa umntu onetyala.

Le nkqubo inokuqhutywa kuphela ngabantu abagunyazisiweyo - uphando, abaphandi kunye nabatshutshisi. Kule ncwadi kuthethwa ukuba ukutshutshiswa kwezobulungisa kungenziwa ngabanye abantu abathatha inxaxheba kwimeko, kodwa apha kuthiwa, kunokwenzeka ukuba, ngokuthatha inxaxheba kwintshutshiso.

Injongo yokutshutshiswa komthetho

Umntu onokutshutshiswa, njengoko kuboniswe yiCandelo lama-27 leNkqubo yeNkqubo yoLwaphulo-mthetho ngezimvo, kunokuthi kube yinto ebonakalayo yenyama. Ikhowudi yesigwebo ayilungiseleli uxanduva lwemigangatho yabantu.

Ukuba ityala lolwaphulo-mthetho lingavulelwa naziphi na iimbakala ezenzekile, kungakhathaliseki ukuba ummangali uchongiwe, ukutshutshiswa kwezobugebengu kunokwenzeka kuphela kumntu othile (IsiGaba se-27 se-RF Code of Procedure nge-2015).

Ingundoqo yentshutshiso

Umsebenzi wezobugebengu, njengoko sele uphawuliwe, ngumsebenzi wokutyhila umenzi wobubi. Ngaloo ndlela, ubungqina buqokelelwe kwi nyaniso, ngenxa yoko umntu ochazwe ukuba wenza ulwaphulo-mthetho uchongiwe. Imisebenzi eqhubekayo ijoliswe ekuqinisekiseni le nyaniso: ukukhangela i-alibi, ukukhangela, ukutshintsha i-wiretapping, ukuthathwa kwamaphepha kunye nokunye.

Ngoko ke, ezi zenzo zisetyenziswe kumntu othile, kwaye kungekhona kubo bonke abathathi-nxaxheba kwimeko.

Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba intshutshiso ayilona inkohlakalo, nangona ifuna isigqibo sokuzisa ummi njengomntu osityholwayo, ngesiseko apho kuhlolwe iindidi ezahlukeneyo kwaye ubungqina becala lomntu luqokelelwe. Ngokubhekiselele kwiCandelo 27 leNkqubo yeNkqubo yoLwaphulo-mthetho (kunye nemibono ka-2014/2015), umgaqo wokususwa kwetyala lolwaphulo-mthetho unokuqwalaselwa kuphela emva kokuba ityala lolwaphulo mthetho lisungulwe ngokusemthethweni kwaye ummangali uya kuchongwa.

Imiphumo ebalulekileyo yomthetho

Kwinkqubo yophando, kungenzeka ukuba umntu otshutshiswayo unecala, oko kukuthi, kukho ubungqina obuqinileyo bale nyaniso. Kule meko, icandelo leenkqubo ezicetywayo lipheliswa, kwaye kunokwenzeka ukuqala ityala elitsha, kodwa ngokumalunga nomnye ummi.

Kwabo bakhululwa kwimisebenzi enenjongo yobuninzi bobugebengu phantsi kweCandelo 1 leSiqendu 27 soMthetho weNkqubo yoLwaphulo-mthetho okanye kwezinye izizathu, akukho miphumo yomthetho. Okokuqala, kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba intshutshiso ayiyiyo isigaba sokugqibela, kodwa isigaba esiphakathi. Kwakhona kufanelekile ukukhumbula ikhowudi yezobugebengu, echaza ukuba umntu unokugwetywa kuphela ngesigqibo senkundla. Kulapha apho kuvela imiphumo yomthetho ngendlela yolwaphulo-mthetho, njl njl.

Ukulungiswa kwimeko kunye noshutshiso

Ukupheliswa kokutshutshiswa kwezobugebengu akuthethi ukupheliswa kwetyala, kodwa kungekhona ngokulandelelana kwaye kungekho rhoqo. Ngamazwi alula, ukuba ummi uphelile yonke imisebenzi, akufuneki ukuba bavale ityala-kubalulekile ukufumana ulwaphulo-mthetho, ukuqokelela ubungqina obutsha, njl.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ityala lolwaphulo-mthetho lugqityiwe kwiindawo ezibonelelwe ngokukodwa, ukushushiswa kuya kugqitywa ngokuzenzekelayo, ngokubhekiselele kwiCandelo 27 le-RF CCP, ngokuzenzekelayo: ayikho imeko - akukho nanyathelo enkqubo.

Izizathu zokupheliswa kwecala

Ukuze unqande intshutshiso, kubalulekile ukuba ezinye iimeko zidibene. Kodwa okokuqala bekufanelekile ukuthobela ingqalelo kwiimeko zokupheliswa kwazo zonke izenzo kwimeko, kuba oku kubandakanya ukususwa ngokuzenzekelayo kokutshutshiswa. Icala lolwaphulo-mthetho lingavalwa (okanye lingasetyenziswanga), kwakhona, ngenxa yezizathu ezinikezelwe kwiCandelo 1 leCandelo le-24 leNkqubo yoLwaphulo-mthetho .

1. Ukuba akukho zixhobo ezikhoyo. Ngaloo ndlela, ukuba akukho mxholo, into kunye nolwaphulo-mthetho olunxulumene nabo, ukubunjwa akukho.

2. Ukuba akukho nzekaphulo-mthetho. Apha sithetha ukuba kukho izenzo ezithile, kodwa ngenxa yazo, ngenxa yezizathu ezithile, akukho sijeziso kwikhowudi yezobugebengu. Nangona kunjalo, amanyathelo angabonelelwa kwikhowudi yolawulo.

3. Ukuba ummangali okanye umtyholwa uswelekile. Nangona kunjalo, ityala inokumiselwa (okanye ayikwazi ukupheliswa) ukuba inkqubo ifunekayo ekubuyiselweni komntu oshonile.

4. Ukuba akukho sicelo sexhoba. Kufuneka ngamanye amaxesha, kwiimeko ezingathinteli ubudlelwane boluntu behlabathi, njengengqalelo phantsi kweCandelo lama-109 leNkqubo yoLwaphulo-mthetho yaseRashiya-ukubetha, phantsi kweCandelo le-158 yekhowudi efanayo-ukukhwabanisa nabanye.

Izizathu ezongezelelweyo

Ukongezelela, ukuba ityala lolwaphulo-mthetho liqalisiwe, kwaye isenzo esitsha somthetho senza isohlwayo lolwaphulo-mthetho sikhoxisiwe, ngoko ityala livaliwe (lingagxothwanga).

Ngaloo ndlela, ukuba akunakwenzeka ukuqalisa ityala okanye ekupheleni kwayo, intshutshiso iphelile. Oku kuchazwe kumhlathi wesi-2 weNgxenye 1 yeSiqendu 27 soMthetho weNkqubo yoLwaphulo-mthetho.

Nangona kunjalo, kukho iinkalo ezikhethekileyo xa ukupheliswa kotshutshiso kubangela ukupheliswa kwecala lolwaphulo-mthetho. Oku kuya kwenzeka ukuba ushutshiso lugqityiwe kubo bonke abasolwayo (abasolwa), ngaphandle kwezizathu ezichazwe yinxalenye 1 yomhlathi 1 weSiqendu 27 se-CCP RF.

Izizathu zokuzalisa intshutshiso

Njengoko sele kuphawuliwe, ukutshutshiswa kuphelile malunga nokupheliswa kwenkqubo. Nangona kunjalo, oku akusiyo kuphela imeko apho utshutshiso lugqitywa khona.

Ngokwamagqabaza kwiNkqubo yeNkqubo yoLwaphulo-mthetho, amanyathelo enkqubo ayinakunyuswa kubo bonke abathathi-nxaxheba, kodwa kuphela ummi okhankanywayo. Kwienkcazo kwiSiqendu 27 soMthetho weNkqubo yoLwaphulo-mthetho, kukho iimeko ezininzi apho oku kwenzeka khona:

- ukungabandakanyeka kommangali;

- umqulu wokuxolelwa;

- ukuphela kommiselo wemida;

- ukungabikho kwemvume yenkundla ukutshutshisa abo bantu abane-immunity;

- Ukuba iipasiti nganye kwimeko ayifumananga isiqinisekiso.

Iimpawu zokupheliswa kwecala lolwaphulo-mthetho: uxolo

Ngeenkcukacha ezithe vetshe, kuyimfuneko ukuqwalasela izikhundla zokuyeka, ezifana nokuxolelwa (Isiqendu 27 inxalenye ye-RF Code of Procedure Procedure) kunye nezinye iimeko ezingenangxaki.

Ukupheliswa kweenkqubo ezinxulumene nokuxolelwa kufuneka kuthathele ukuba ngolu hlobo isakhamuzi sakhutshwa kwiimbopheleleko zobugebengu. Ngoko ke, ngokumalunga nomntu, ukuxolelwa kufuneka kubekho ngokupheleleyo. Ukuba, ngoncedo lwale xwebhu, kuphela uhlobo lwesigwebo esitshintshiweyo ukuya kutsho enye okanye ixesha lifutshane, ukutshutshiswa kwezobugebengu kuyaqhubeka.

Imigangatho kunye nobudala

Ukupheliswa komda wexesha lokuthunyelwa kwesenzo (Isiqendu 3 Icandelo 1, i-Article 27 ye-CCP RF) nayo ibandakanya ukutshutshiswa kolwaphulo-mthetho. Ngokomzekelo, ukuthatha inxaxheba kulwaphulo-mthetho lwabantwana lubonakaliswe ngokunciphisa ummiselo wokunciphisa isiqingatha, ngokubhekiselele kwiCandelo 94 leNkqubo yoLwaphulo-mthetho. Ngoko ke, ukuba imeko ezinjalo zenzeka, intshutshiso iyayeka.

Ukongeza, ubudala bubalulekile. Ngoko, phantsi kwengxenye yesi-3 yeSigqibo se-27 seNkqubo yeNkqubo yoLwaphulo-mthetho, ukuba ummi angazange afumane ukudala, okanye ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwengqondo, akazange aqonde izenzo zakhe, ukutshutshiswa kwenkqubo yenkohlakalo kupheliswe.

Ubukho besisombululo

Kubalulekile ukuba khona (okanye ukufumanisa) kwiseshoni yesigwebo sesigqibo samagosa ekupheliseni iinkqubo zolwaphulo-mthetho ngokubhekiselele kulo mthetho-mthetho ngokumalunga nomntu ofanayo. Okokuthi, ukuba ityala liye lahlolwa okanye liphandwa, kwaye kucacisiwe ukuba lo mntu akabandakanyeki kulo msebenzi, umyalelo unikezela ukungakwazi ukubuyisela lo mntu uxanduva lolwaphulo-mthetho olufanayo.

Iziqendu

Ukutshutshiswa kwezobugebengu kwii-episodes kwakhona kwenzeka, kwaye ngaphandle kwalokhu, ukutshutshiswa kwezobugebengu kuyagcinwa. Ngoko ke, ukuba kukho ityala elithile lezobugebengu, oko kukuthi, ulwaphulo-mthetho olunxulumene nolunye, ityala lovulo livulelwe bonke kwaye umntu onetyala uchongiwe ngamnye. Ukuba ekuqaleni kwakucingelwa ukuba zonke izenzo zenziwa ngumntu omnye, intshutshiso iqala ngobudlelwane bakhe (okanye ukuyiveza).

Ukuba kubonakaliswe (ngokungabikho kobungqina, kubandakanywa) ukuba kwezinye izenzo zobugebengu umntu othile akabandakanyeki, ngoko ngokubhekiselele kwiziganeko ezingabandakanyekanga kulo mntu, ukutshutshiswa kwezobugebengu kuphelile. Kuzo zonke ezinye, le nyathelo iyaqhubeka. Kwaye kulabo abemi abangenalo ulwalamano nabo, - uyaqhubeka (umntu onetyala unqunywe, njl.).

Ukutshutshiswa kwezobugebengu akukhenxwanga ukuba umenzi-mthetho uyakwenzela ukukhutshwa kwalo msebenzi (Icandelo 2, i-Article 27 ye-RF Code of Procedure Procedure).

Ukukhuselwa kweenkonzo

Kwezinye iimeko, ukutshutshiswa kwezobugebengu akunakwenziwa. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba kuqhutyelwa, kodwa kunye nezinye izenzo zenkqubo, ngesigqibo senkundla. Kubantu abano-immunity, kukho amaqela amaninzi:

- abasebenzi beemibutho zezopolitiko abangabemi baseRussian Federation;

- iintloko zamazwe angaphandle kunye noorhulumente;

- abasebenzi bee-consular ofisi;

- abasebenzi beemibutho yamazwe ngamazwe;

- abameli bamazwe kwimibutho yamazwe ngamazwe;

- Amacandelo amachiza, abantu abahlala kwiindawo zokuhlola kunye nabasebenzi beenqwelomoya.

Bonke aba bantu baxhomekeke kumazinga ahlukeneyo (umntu upheleleyo, ezinye zikhethiweyo), kodwa nakweyiphi na imeko, izenzo zenkqubo zolu qela labantu zingenziwa kuphela ngesigqibo senkundla.