Yintoni na ukungena: igama

Mhlawumbi ezimbalwa isizukulwana esitsha uya kukwazi ukuchaza okanye ubuncinane ngezi cottager. Igama wawa ulwimi ngemihla. abantu abadala uhlanganise eli gama ngokubanzi kunye nombono "bachelor", kodwa intsingiselo yayo ibanzi kakhulu.

ixesha edidayo

Igama ntonye ezininzi. It zahrebetnik osebenza, umsebénzi kunye yokuqasha, umqeshwa kunye bachelor nabangatshatanga, nezhenatik na kuhlala, hayi inkosi, nkqu imonki kunye yesigaba. Eshwankathela zonke izithetha-ntonye, ukuze ukwazi ukuphendula umbuzo wokuba yintoni cottager. Lo mntu, ukuba akukho ndlu okanye ekhaya. Kakade ke, umfazi noba. Bach - hayi i-ntonye ngqo. Igama elithi "bach" liye Umbala kabuhlungu. Oku ikakhulu umntu nje omnye, kodwa i umngqibi ngokungeyomfuneko hayi umdla, beswele kunye (izityebi amaninzi ukuthenga umdla ngokwalo), ukuba ungonwabi kakhulu ekwaluphaleni kwakhe, xa nto ukuphucula Isiphelo sakhe.

Ibonisa zihloko uncwadi nobugcisa

Umntu onjalo liye V. G. Perov. A umfanekiso encinane kuthiwa "Guitarist-lang". Le ndoda shwa akanayo ukukhohlisa kunye nethemba. Poor, kunye yaza yabonisa esisigxina eziqhotyoshelwe ubomi emntwini, kweli hlabathi akukho bani idinga. Ayekele kwimeko entle, kodwa iibhutsi zakhe kunye nebhatyi oko unako ukuthenga iwayini, udlala umculo. Sekunjalo, buhlungu bakhe. Kwaye akukho namnye umsebenzi esingelwe abantu kuye umgxothwa. Sergei Yesenin iye ngozipho ibali "Bobyl kunye Pal." Abayithandayo of Sergei Lemeshev eziqhelekileyo "Ingoma umgxothwa abangenamakhaya 'ukusuka repertoire yakhe, oqalisa ngala mazwi," Akukho indlu okanye ikhaya. "

a kwi iklasi

Ngoko ke yintoni na ukungena? indoda ilusizi ulilolo? Kwaye oku, nathi. Kodwa igama buqala elidlulileyo ekude (kuqala ireferensi 1500 libekisa nonyaka), iluphawu uhlobo oluthile kumafama. Kamornikov, Bobylev, holupnikami, kutnikami ekuthiwa anganayo okanye amalungu ilizwe-amahlwempu eli eklasini. Ngenxa bobyli imbuya bebeqeshwe ukuba kubekho tona. Aba bantu bahlupheka kakhulu kangangokuba ngaxa lithile anihlawulelwanga rhafu kwaye sibizwa - bestyagolnye, netyaglovye. Kodwa ukusukela 1631 bobyli, waba entendelezweni yayo, waba inxaxheba ekumiseleni kwinkonzo emali kunye nabasebenzi. Kodwa ukusuka 1679-th intsimbi loo yerhafu bobyli anikeziweyo kwaye lilingana namafama. Kulo mzekelo, umbuzo lowo cottager unokuphendulwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: yena umntu, owathi kwanyanzeleka ukuzibandakanya emigudwini somvuzo.

Ngokutsho kuguqulelo omnye, lo bobyli yokuqala ukuvela ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XV eMoscow. Eli binzana ngokuba abakhonzi lesivumelwano. Le meko ke bagula kakhulu ngaphezu koko abantu aba ebukhobokeni ngumnini kuba cottager wenza kwinkonzo inkosi, anqunyulwe onke amalungelo, nangaphandle, kunjalo kunyanzelekile ukuba uhlawule naziphi na iirhafu (uninzi kwaba rhafu intlawulo nkutsulo inkululeko yabo). Xa engekho epheleleyo yemali nakwenzeka imali yabo baze beze ayikwazi ibe mbi.

Dog ahluphekileyo

Kungakhathaliseki ukuba zininzi kangakanani utoliko ilizwi, eli kukuba abo babiziweyo abadinga umhlaba, abantu abangamahlwempu eRashiya. Njengoko sele kutshiwo ngentla apha, eli gama wabonakala okokuqala kwisiqingatha sokuqala senkulungwane XVI. ababhali eMoscow baqala ukusebenzisa igama kunye "pozemschikami" yaye "Abantu nepashennymi." Phantsi kwazo zonke ezi amagama libhekisela kubantu abangenayo ilizwe labo. Bebeziingcibi kunye nabantu mveliso: ngensimbi kunye Sweden Kalachnikov, izicathulo, abelusi. Ezi ziquka kwezinye ekubalweni Zemsky amadikoni kunye werhafu. Xa uluhlu bobylkam kunye nabahlolokazi abahluphekileyo.

Irhafu ehlawulwa zonke

Njengoko sele sibonile, abo kuthiwa abadinga ukuba irhafu, kwakunye namafama, njengazo zonke eRashiya. Bona kunye yamskih nebonakalayo imali (iintlobo zerhafu), kodwa ezi irhafu ihlawuliswa ngokwahlukileyo. Ukuba irhafu abalimi wathabatha Soham (unit irhafu-kunikelwe irhafu eRashiya ukususela XIII ukuya kwinkulungwane XVII), ukususela anganayo kunye nabantu nepashennyh wathabatha izisu zabo, zobugcisa iiyadi. Ngoko ke, ngokutsho "amakhulu" (umbhali okanye incwadi akhawunti) ngo-1627 kunye irhafu ze abalimi wathabatha kumhlaba olimekayo nomhlaba, kunye anganayo - nokuLoba kwaye khaba. Kwezi ncwadi, igama elithi "bachelor" - lisebenza kwezomthetho, ichaza ukuba izakuba ngowuphi umgangatho womntu omnye yeyethu, ukusuka apho irhafu irhafu.

amabala Dark embalini

Kwaye ngoko, kakade, ebuza ukuba kutheni amagama ecacileyo neqondakalayo "pozemschiki" okanye "nepashennye abantu 'ngenkulungwane XVI, waba indawo lusithe igama" bachelor ". Kukho ezininzi ongaziwayo, kwaye kungekho nenye indawo xwebhu ayicacisi kutheni. "Abantu Nepashennye" kuba nxalenye abaninzi bodwa, ukuba usapho, ngamanye amaxesha kwakukho abalimi atyebileyo, ekungazanga kuye kwaphawulwa ukuba anganayo. abameli City of eli qela enkonzweni, kodwa abalimi bobyli nto. Ukuba bawuthathayo umhlaba kwaye kwingqesho, kuphela ukuqhubekekisa, kodwa zange wabeka eyadini yakhe. Amaninzi bobyli-abalimi ayehlala yoonongendi, kwakhona ngayo mhlaba nabanye abantu kwaye sele ihlawulwe nayiphi na irhafu. Ndimele bathi nokufika kwenkulungwane XVII of serfdom kunye loncamathiselo abalimi ngoku awukafikeleli phezulu sikweni zamvanje anganayo.

Elikude khohlwa

Ukuze ube basale, kwafuneka ukuba ndinibhalele "irekhodi bobylskuyu imali yetempile", ngokoko athe umntu anqunyulwe amalungelo, nezokudliwa kunye iimpahla bafumana imisebenzi kuphela. Ngokwemimiselo ekuvunyelwene abantu kuphela abahlupheke kakhulu, kuba eneneni waqesha ebukhobokeni. Kulo mzekelo, igama elithi "bachelor 'iyafana na intsingiselo yegama elithi' uyazazi": bobabini akukho nto kufuneka siphulukane nayo ngaphandle kwamatyathanga zabo.

Eneneni, bach - igama inentsingiselo ngaphezu kwesinye, ukuba sijonge kakuhle lo mbuzo. Kuba zesizukulwana sangoku, ukulwela inkululeko epheleleyo, kubonakala zasendle, nokuba igama elithi "bachelor", yintoni cottager khona. Eli gama xa kuqwalaselwa ngaphakathi intsingiselo. Ke umbuzo malunga nendlela igama elibizwa umfama ongenayo kwisiza somhlaba, ukuba aphendule kakhulu ezimbalwa.

Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, loo etymology kwekota nawo awucacanga. Kukho iinketho ezininzi, kodwa kubonakala lowo odibanisa imvelaphi yegama with "neembotyi" - uphawu yentlupheko enzonzobila. "Hlala iimbotyi" - kuphulukana yonke into.