Dawes Plan njengendlela bazamile kwezoqoqosho eJamani kwiminyaka yoo-1920

Emva kokoyiswa koBukhosi German iSivumelwano Versailles esayinwe Yokuqala kweMfazwe Yehlabathi ka-1914-1918. Xa ngokwemimiselo yayo, Germany kwafuneka ukuba ahlawule izibonelelo ukuze amazwe Entente. Ubukhulu kunye nexesha imbuyekezo ayifani ncam kulawulwa umnqophiso woxolo. Kwiminyaka 2-3, iJamani sijamelene nobunzima kwezoqoqosho. Ngowe-1924, isiCwangciso Dawes kwakwenzelwe ukuba ubuyisele intsalela lwentlawulo yoqoqosho waseJamani.

ngxabano Franco-German kule ndawo Ruhr

Enye kwamazwe ukuthembela ukulungiswa, waba France. Xa Germany emva kokuqalisa iingxaki zoqoqosho esinzulu, iingxaki lwaqala kuhlawulwe izibonelelo, uMongameli Poincare wagqiba ekubeni angene amajoni isisiFrentshi kummandla Ruhr. Njengoko usazi, i Ruhr - yeyona ndawo kakhulu resource-otyebileyo eJamani. Kukho kumabanga ezahlukeneyo amalahle geni, ngelo xesha esisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kushishino, kwaye zikaloliwe. ehlasela French yommandla waseJamani waba iinjongo eziliqela:

• ukuqinisekisa unikezelo rhoqo iintlawulo nokulungiswa ku France;
• ukufikelela kwizibonelelo German zendalo ngenxa mveliso French;
• buthathaka yempembelelo yaseNgilani kunye US kwipolitiki zaseYurophu.

ukumelana German izinyanga 8. Ekwindla ka-1923, urhulumente yaseJamani agqibe mali ngenxa ekulweni ukwanda French. France wazama ukuba ndizinyathele Germany ngokwayo, nto leyo ezingaqukwanga amacebo ezinye iinkokeli zehlabathi.

Umsebenzi ikhomishini yeengcali ukuba bafunde imeko yemali Germany

NgoNovemba 1923, uluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe umisele myalelo, kamva eyathi yaqulunqa Plan Dawes. Imisebenzi ye ikhomishini baya noosozoqoqosho abaqeqeshiweyo ukusuka eYurophu, kwakunye neengcali yomntu esuka eUnited States. Ubume umzimba udaliwe iikomiti ezimbini. Eyokuqala babesebenza ukubuyiselwa imali yaseJamani. Umda kwicandelo lesibini liqulethe imibuzo uphendlo kubuya amathuba imali yelizwe, livela kwelinye. Le mali intloko ukuba bazamile yoqoqosho, ngokuba kuphela uphuhliso loqoqosho ngempumelelo Germany akwazi ukunika izibonelelo.

Development kunye nokwamkelwa yesicwangciso Entente

January 14, 1924 e-London, wavula intlanganiso yekomiti wezazi. Koko wabubhekisa ingcali uluntu ummeli waseMelika Charles Dawes. Phambi kokubhalisa iKomiti iintsuku ezimbalwa iqela bezimali abanamava eyayibanjelwe eJamani ukuze ukufunda umfanekiso yokwenene inqanaba kuqoqosho. Ngenxa ye data bakufumana yenziwe ingxelo elenziwa kwintlanganiso eLondon.

Ukuba sithethe Dawes Plan Ngamafutshane, yena Yayicombulula ingxaki wokubuyisa yokuhlawula amatyala yoqoqosho German lokuhlawula yokulungisa umonakalo. Ubume le ngxelo uwahlule ube zahlulo zithathu. Ekuqaleni ingcamango yayikukuba ukulungisa - yiyo kuphela ityala yangaphandle amaqabane Western Jamani, hayi indlela lesohlwayo ngenxa ubunzima amazwe Entente ukuba ebudeni bemfazwe.

Isicwangciso Dawes ebizwa ukuba ubonelelo ngetyala ukumimitheka kwezoqoqosho German-mali lwamanqaku million 800. Umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwale ngetyala evela kumazwe yangoku iinkqubo co-zokuboleka kunye IMF yayikukuba iJamani wadlula angabakhomishinala yerhafu ekhethekileyo ukukwazi ukulawula uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali. Ukongeza, i-Company wadala esikhethekileyo, olwaboniswa kulawulo inkqubo kaloliwe eJamani kangangeminyaka engama-40. Enyanisweni, ukulawula phezu site qhinga kudlule ezandleni zabucala. Ulawulo phezu mali urhulumente ezilahlekileyo ngenxa yokuba ilungelo ukushicilela imali wafumana ibhanki lusekiwe ngokukodwa, leyo phantsi kolawulo Allied. Dawes Plan sicacisa werhafu elikhulu labemi. Eyona mithombo iphambili le ukuyilwa mali reparative baba zabucala iinkampani kwengeniso kunye mali karhulumente.

Iziphumo zale nkqubo Allied

Ukwamkelwa Dawes Plan kwaba nemiphumo kuzo ebezintle nezo zingentle ngokumalunga ne amazwe aseYurophu. Zifikelelwe:

• ukulungisa imeko yezoqoqosho eJamani;
• ukuqalisa iintlawulo nowokunceda.

kwezinto ezimbi:

• intlupheko sabantu;
• ukuqaliswa kweerhafu elingumthwalo labantu kwakhokelela ukunyuka kwizinga neyethu zoqhankqalazo eluntwini;
• eza amandla ngo-1933, iqela lwamaNazi kunye Adolf Hitler.