History of Russia: "sokubeka Deulino"

Ngowe-1618, 1 (11) kaDisemba, emva kokuba isiphumo amabi amalinge zezibonda ukuba eMoscow, kwidolophana Deulin phakathi eRashiya waza wenza isivumelwano Commonwealth. Le isivumelwano soxolo elisekwe ixesha bezvoenny leminyaka 14.5. Isivumelwano yabizwa ngokuba "Deulino kuthula."

Isifo yemfazwe

Ngokusesikweni, kuba ekuqaleni imfazwe Russian-Polish ka-1609 uthathwa. Iminyaka yokuqala kumadabi yimpumelelo kakhulu kuba amajoni Polish-Lithuanian. Kweli thuba ukususela 1609 ukuya 1612 , bahlula Walizinzisa amandla abo kwiindawo ezinkulu yasentshonalanga Russia. Kule ndawo kukwaquka inkulu ngelo xesha ESmolensk inqaba. imeko Russian waba sibi kakhulu ngelo xesha. Emva kokuba yabhukuqwayo Vasiliy Shuysky, yaba amandla urhulumente sethutyana, eliquka abameli aye- izinduna. Egameni labo, ngo-Agasti 1610 ukuba utyikitye isivumelwano ekwakhiweni kwetrone Russian ye-Polish Prince Wladyslaw Vasa kunye nokwaziswa waya kummandla eMoscow, ibutho Polish. Nangona kunjalo, ezi zicwangciso azizange zimiselwe ukuza yinyaniso. Kwiminyaka 1611-1612 e Moscow, athathwe owenza izimvo kabukhali anti-Polish. Ezi imikhosi ukuphatha ukuba bathabath 'imikhosi yokuqala-Lithuanian ukusuka kummandla yommandla eMoscow, kwaye kwixesha elizayo, kule minyaka 1613-1614, yaye inani kwizixeko ezikhulu Russian.

Umzamo yesibini

Ngowe-1616 Vladislav ivasi idityaniswe hetman Lithuanian Yanom Hodkevichem kwaye kwakhona lizama ukuhlala etroneni Russian. Ndingathi ukuba ngelo xesha banawo Tsar uMikhail Fedorovich Romanov. Amajoni emanyeneyo imikhosi lucky: bakwazi ukuba akhulule ESmolensk amajoni ayingqinga Russian kwaye angashenxela lizwe de Mozhaisk. Emva kokufumana ngo-1618 kukho kugunyaziso ngokutsha Ukrainian Cossacks, ikhokelwa ngu Hetman Peter Sagaidachnogo Rzeczpospolita umkhosi bafika eMoscow. Emva kokuba kuhlaselwa aluphumelelanga phezu kweengqukuva Russian yomkhosi Polish-Lithuanian tshwa kummandla kaBathathu Emnye-uSergiyo Monastery. Pet Sagaydachny namadoda akhe, bahamba kummandla ukulungela ukusebenza. Phantsi kwezi meko, eRashiya wayesandul sasinda amaxesha Oluneengxaki nemfazwe kwi miba mibini, kwanyanzeleka ukuba asayine isivumelwano soxolo kunye nemiqathango eyaziwa ezimbi.

Isigaba sokuqala sale nowokupheliswa yesivumelwano

Indawo kucingelwa ukuba ekuqaleni thethwano lomlambo Presnya. Bavalelwa 1618, 21 (31) ka-Oktobha. Intlanganiso yokuqala akazange azise nayiphi na iziphumo. Amaqela thaca iimfuneko kakhulu omnye komnye. Ngaloo ndlela, abameli Wladyslaw Vasa baphikelela ingqalelo yakhe kuphela esemthethweni Russian Tsar , bafuna ukuba inguqu phantsi kokukhokelwa Pskov, Novgorod kunye nomhlaba yaseTver. Russian, ke, zanyanzelisa ukubuya ngoko nangoko kuzo zonke iinkalo kunye nokurhoxiswa amabutho utshaba kummandla Russia. Intlanganiso yesibini, esenzeka ngo-Oktobha 23 (Novemba 2), 1618, sele idlule ngaphezulu ngempumelelo. icala Russian safuna ukuseka isgqibo kunyaka-mabini imbuyekezo ngokuvuma lokuncamela Roslavl kunye ESmolensk. Icala Polish wala Wladyslaw Vasa zamabango itrone Russian, kodwa kufuneka ukunika umhlaba Pskov. Kwakhona, abameli Commonwealth baphikelela nokubuyiselwa zonke ngaphambili waphumelela iindawo Lithuanian kunye imbuyekezo epheleleyo ngeendleko ekungenwe kuzo ngexesha lemfazwe.

umlenze yesibini

Akumka umkhosi Polish-Lithuanian kwisithili thethwano Emnye-uSergiyo Monastery Wahlala khona kakade. Ngelo xesha ke wadlala amalungu amabini ungquzulwano emkhosini. umkhosi Polish-Lithuanian zafumana ubunzima obukhulu nonikezelo ukutya esiza ezibandayo inkathazo ngakumbi nangakumbi kuzisa. aphazamiseka Ukusoloko-mali kwaye kwaphemba ukunganeliseki jikelele kunye mercenaries, phakathi kwakukho sele babecinga ukuba ashiye indawo yomkhosi. Kule meko, kwatyatyamba ukuphanga zamihla abantu balapha kwi inxalenye amajoni Polish-Lithuanian, ezahlukeneyo ingakumbi ukuba Cossacks. Imfazwe elide kunye nefuthe elibi kakhulu kwi mood kubemi Moscow, inxalenye leyo ukumkani Polish. Abantu bakhathele iiNkathazo neemfazwe. Ngenxa-thethwano kwaye kwavunyelwana kwi iingongoma eziphambili kuthula. Ukungavisisani Kwavela kuluhlu ezosulela phantsi kolawulo imizi Commonwealth. Kwakhona, amaqela ababa bavumelane umba isikhathi ukuxolelana kunye ofisi titular Mihaila Romanova kunye Wladyslaw Vasa. 20 (30) ngoNovemba 1618 phantsi iindonga woonongendi kuyo abameli Russian Embassy. iintsuku ezintathu iintetho kwabangela yokusayina "Deulino izikhali." icala Russian phantsi kwengcinezelo evela kurhulumente Polish-Lithuanian kwafuneka ukuba uwise ezinye kwiimfuno zabo kunye nokunyenyiswa kwemiqathango.

iimeko ezisisiseko

"Deulino isgqibo" kunye ePoland olwalubekwe ithuba leminyaka-14 neenyanga ezi-6, oko kukuthi ukusuka 25 Disemba 1619 ngomhla wama-25 Juni 1633. Xa umyalelo Commonwealth Wagqitha: ESmolensk, Roslavl, Dorogobuzh, White, Serpeysk, Novgorod-Seversky, Trubchevsk, Chernihiv, emishini, kuquka elo ngeenxa zonke. Russia wabuyela imizi zilandelayo: Vyazma, Kozelsk, Meshchovsk, Mosalsk endaweni izixeko ezifana Starodub, Pochep, Nevel, Red, Sebezh, Popova Mountains, kuquka elo ngeenxa zonke. "Deulino isgqibo" kunye ePoland alungiselele ukugqithiswa elikhankanywe imizi kulo kunye kubumelwane ku 1619, 15 (25) kaFebruwari. Ndawonye izixeko namazwe kwiCEMIS abahlali kunye nempahla kuwo. Kude kufike umhla olufanayo (1619, 15 (25) ka February) ummandla weRashiya kwafuneka bashiye yonke imikhosi Polish-Lithuanian kunye Ukrainian. Kwakhona "Deulino isgqibo" unika lokutshintshiselana amabanjwa emfazwe. Wamiselwa 15 (25) ngoFebruwari 1619. "Deulino isgqibo" kunye nokubuyiswa eRashiya kuphela abarhwebi, izidwangube kunye nabefundisi. Phantsi imiqathango yesivumelwano ukuxolelana ke, i-Russian Tsar akusekho yaba izihloko Livonia, ESmolensk kunye Chernigov irhuluneli. Icon of St .. Nicholas e Mozhaisk yathinjwa amabutho Polish-Lithuanian, wegqitha eRashiya. Ngokwemiqathango yesivumelwano ucando ilizwe Kumda kwahlelwa ukuba ihlobo 1619. "Deulino isgqibo" wabanika ilungelo kwintshukumo simahla ngaphakathi kummandla kumazwe lomsayini, abarhwebi Russian kunye Polish-Lithuanian. Le Okungumahluko isixeko Krakow, Vilnius kunye eMoscow. Vladislav ivasi wasivuna ilungelo lokuba kubizwa kumaxwebhu ezisemthethweni State tsar Russian Polish-Lithuanian.

Ukubaluleka zembali

Deulino ukuxolelana ngo-1618 - impumelelo enkulu yomkhosi kunye nezopolitiko Commonwealth kwi kokuyaphula Russia. Imida karhulumente Polish-Lithuanian yasiwa kude ukuya ngasempuma. Kweli thuba ukususela 1616 ukuya 1622 intsimi Commonwealth yafikelela layo eliphezulu zembali (990 amawaka macala onke. Km). "Deulino isgqibo 'ukuba ngokusesikweni zamabango itrone Russian ukusuka uKumkani Poland kunye Grand Duke of Lithuania. Kuba Russia, ukusayinwa kweencwadi kwesivumelwano ukuxolelana ke, xa uqala kuqala, jonga akuthandeki. Noko ke, ngenxa yokuba ekuyekeni imfazwe kunye nomkhosi Polish-Lithuanian wafika kweli lizwe kufuneka emva Troubles ukuzola. Kwiminyaka embalwa kamva, wazomeleza, iRashiya luwugqithile mvano ngokusungula imfazwe ESmolensk. Isiphumo yaba ulahliwe epheleleyo kwetrone Vladislav sithi. Ekugqibeleni ukubuyisela ilahleko sayo sobummandla akwazi Russia kuphela ebudeni bemfazwe Russian-Polish leminyaka 1654-1667.