Le myuziyam yokuqala eRashiya. Ngubani wavula imyuziyam yokuqala eRashiya?

Amagama athile olondolozo lwembali Russian ezaziwa wonke ummi welizwe lethu. Le Hermitage, i Tretyakov Gallery kunye yokufuna ulwazi. Ukuba iziko yokugqibela - imyuziyam yokuqala eRashiya.

Embassy Great of Peter I

Peter I wangena imbali yesizwe njenge wenguquko yonke into. Yaba nguye lowo waseka imyuziyam yokuqala eRashiya. Ngowe-1698 waba ngowokuqala kookumkani bethu eYurophu. Kwangaxeshanye, waya kumazwe Western ngaphakathi Great Embassy ngokuyimfihlo ukuze ukutsala ingqalelo kumntu yakhe.

Kwaba ngexesha yaseYurophu uhambo Peter I into yokuqala malunga nokudala olondolozo lwembali yakhe. Nangona amaziko ezo zasekwa ngenkxaso lwabalawuli. Umzekelo, iinkosana ezininzi waseJamani ahlala yabo "kwikhabhinethi of yokufuna ulwazi", umgcini yokufuna ulwazi evela ehlabathini lonke. Ngolwimi lwabo ngokuthi kwizakhiwo yiKhabhinethi yokufuna ulwazi. UPetros wayesoloko zikhutshelwa yaseYurophu kwilizwe labo. Ngoko ke, lo imyuziyam yokuqala eRashiya ebizwa nje - yokufuna ulwazi.

Uninzi ukumkani wamxabela Netherlands kunye eNgilani kunye nemveliso yazo mihla. Kula mazwe, akuyi zhadnichaya, ndathenga ezahlukahlukeneyo - iincwadi, izixhobo zenzululwazi, iiminerali, izixhobo. Konke oku kwenzeka kuba sisiseko sesichengeni, ekwakumele ukuba ungasigcini imyuziyam yokuqala eRashiya.

Isiseko Kunstkamery

Emva kokubuyela ekhaya, uPetros andiwulibalanga malunga umbono wabo. Kwiminyaka embalwa kamva waphumelela ukusuka kunxweme lweBaltic Swedish. Kulapha St. Petersburg yasekwa, apho ikomkhulu Ndachukumiseka kungekudala. Inkosi yayifuna Kunstkamera basebenza kwi Neva River. Kuye sayohlala Ngowe-1714 imifanekiso yakhe rarities Summer Palace. Lo nyaka ithathwa umhla ongumsunguli Kunstkammer. Ngaphambi koku, avuleke agcinwa e Moscow, kwizakhiwo ofisi Aptekarskaya.

Le myuziyam lokuqala embalini yase eRashiya ngcembe yazaliswa kunye nemiboniso ezintsha. Sele kunyaka olandelayo Poroshenko waya kuhambo lwakhe lwesibini eYurophu. E Holland, ukumkani batyelela imyuziyam adumileyo Albert neSebha. Le sokuphila unale ukuqokelela izimbiwa ezahlukeneyo, izityalo kunye lukhule. Wathengisa iindwendwe idume uninzi yokuqokelela yakhe umyezo, leyo kungekudala wafumana lolondolozo lwembali yokuqala eRashiya.

Isakhiwo entsha myuziyam

Ngenxa yokuba inani lezinto liye landa, kwagqitywa ukuba buguqulelwe yiKhabhinethi yokufuna ulwazi kwisakhiwo esitsha-eyakhelwe injongo yakhe. Sakhiwo sabekwa 1718. Le projekthi yenza lukhulu nabayili bezakhiwo, ngamnye kubo waba yintloko ngaxa lithile. Ezi: uJohann Georg Mattarnovi Nicholas Gerbel kunye uMikhail Zemtsov.

Ukwakhiwa kwathath 'ixesha, yaye uPetros akazange wabona indalo yakhe. Wafa 1725, xa endaweni Kunstkammer baba nangoku kweendonga engenanto. Esi sakhiwo yangoku lavulwa kamva. Oku kwenzeka ngo-1734. Lo msebenzi wokwakha namhlanje (imi kwi-University eweni). Kuye kwenziwa kwi indlela Petrine ezimbejembeje. Xa umoya ofanayo kwakhiwa zonke izakhiwo zokuqala kwikomkhulu elitsha, xa uzama ukunika ujongo yaseYurophu ngokwenene.

Ngaphambi koku, le myuziyam kakhulu yokuqala eRashiya zingangeniswa okwethutyana Kikin Chambers. Kulapha ke kuqala yavulwa kuluntu.

amaziko mali

Yaba isakhiwo enkulu esinemigangatho-mbini, apho ke, akazange ngokwaneleyo ukulungiselela bonke avuleke. Le yimyuziyam entsha kungekho mali esisigxina, kodwa abafumana inkxaso-mali kwi-ofisi seTyuwa,-ofisi zonyango. Imivuzo zabasebenzi yokugqibela ungcatshiwe. Amlinda ukhuseleko avuleke, kwakunye nongeza ingqokelela.

Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, ngowe-1724, uPetros ngokwakhe wayalela ukuba ukunika 400 engange minyaka ubaphatha ukuba abatyeleli. Ukuba sithelekisa iKhabhinethi of yokufuna ulwazi kunye namanye iimyuziyam e Yurophu ngelo xesha, yaye apho uya kubona umfanekiso eyahlukileyo. Umzekelo, e Dresden i "yokufuna ulwazi cabinet" wabakho ngenxa ukubiza abatyeleli. Ngokufanayo, ukuba "isilumkiso" Sasisebenza Ashmole Museum e Oxford IsiNgesi.

nbsp museum

Le myuziyam yokuqala eRashiya lavulwa ukuba azityebise, oko kukuthi, ukufundisa uluntu Petersburg amavila. Uninzi aziingangamsha akazange abonise umdla kwisayensi, nto leyo akafani uPetros. Ke noko, wayethembe ukuba ubuncinane ophatha simahla okokuqala ukuba Stoke umdla zahluke senzeko. Kakade ke, lo Kunstkammer akazange umlinganiselo kuphela ulwazi ngayo abanye. Kwanele ukuba kuthi ukuba xa wabonakala kuqala kwikomkhulu, iphephandaba rhoqo Russian. Ngelo xesha kuvula isikolo esitsha e Moscow, apho samenywa Iingcali amazwe. Yintoni na ke imyuziyam yokuqala eRashiya? Kakade ke, loo nto yokufuna ulwazi, leyo ukususela ngoko iye yaba liziko wezenzululwazi, hayi kuphela St. Petersburg, kodwa kulo lonke elo lizwe.

Phendla imiboniso kumaphondo Russian

Umcimbi obalulekileyo nokudalwa Academy of Sciences. Oku kwenzeka ngo-1724. Ke yokufuna ulwazi wafika phantsi kokhuselo lwe kwiziko elitsha. A isimboli yakutshanje Russian Academy of Sciences na isakhiwo yokuqala Russian Museum.

Ukuba ingqokelela yokuqala Kunstkammer baba kuphela amazwe, ngoko ekuhambeni kwexesha baqalisa ukuba "yaze yangxenga ifuthe lomanyano" avuleke zasekhaya. Phambi kokuba sifudukele eSt Petersburg, uPetros wakhupha umyalelo phantsi apho School eMoscow komzimba ngotyando liye laqokelela yenza kuye.

Kwakhona uPetros wazama ukumisela ingqokelela rhoqo yokufuna ulwazi kweli phondo. Ngowe-1717, wathumela umyalelo Voronezh kwingqwayi Stepan Kolycheva, leyo wayalela ukubamba, "izilwanyana kwiRejistri eNkulu" ezifunekayo myuziyam. Ngokufanayo, i Siberian irhuluneli Gagarin bekufanele ukuba ndinithumele eSt Petersburg lukhule.

uhambo zesayensi

Kwiminyaka yokugqibela yobomi bakhe, uPetros I wayenomdla ngokukhethekileyo izinto yedeskthopi, umyezo, yembali, ngezakudala kunye bibliographical. Foundation le myuziyam yokuqala eRashiya kungqamane lombutho amaphulo amaninzi ukuya eMpuma. Abaninzi kubo baya kufunwa kwezimbiwa ezifunekayo ukukhula kushishino lwasekhaya. Ingakumbi ezixabisekileyo kule ingqiqo i phambene - "Stone Belt" kweli lizwe. imisebenzi Geodetic nazo olwenziwe kunxweme iBaltic, lweCaspian, Black kunye Azov Seas.

Ngowe-1716-1718 gg. kufuphi Astrakhan yafunyanwa abaninzi ngegolide izinto zesilivere yamhlamnene. Peter I (lowo wavula imyuziyam yokuqala eRashiya) unomdla kakhulu kwezi ziphumo. Bathunyelwa ukuya eSt Petersburg. Yaba impahla umbingelelo, eliseleyo emlonyeni iVolga ukuya amaxesha zobuhedeni.

hambo Siberian Messerschmidt

kubaluleke gqitha Kunstkammer kwiminyaka yokuqala hambo ukuba uDaniyeli Messerschmidt. Le yingcaphephe ngezityalo German nogqirha uPetros wathunyelwa eSiberia ukuze ukuqokelela kuqala ezininzi izinto ezizodwa for "kwikhabhinethi yokumkani." I-koMlawuli (wawavulayo imyuziyam yokuqala eRashiya) wayezazi kakuhle kwexabiso le rarities zaseSiberia kwaye wayecinga ukuba ngaphandle kwabo yokufuna ulwazi sinesiphene.

Messerschmidt kuqokelela kuphela rarities, kodwa ichaza ubomi kunye iilwimi bomthonyama aba ezinemiphetho. Isazinzulu German abawanikwa Abahlali oluninzi ukuchitha iintaka kunye nezilwanyana, leyo wamzisa eSt Petersburg. Ebudeni hambo, Messerschmidt waya ezahlukahlukeneyo izixeko: Tomsk, Tobolsk, Abakan, Kuznetsk, Turukhansk, Krasnoyarsk, Irkutsk, Tyumen, etc ...

Ngenxa yemigudu yakhe Kunstkammer kwakukho izinto ezibalulekileyo kwi ezizwe, uncwadi nobugcisa obubonwayo waseMpuma. Yaba izizwe Mongol, China kunye nezinye izizwe zaseSiberia. Ukuvavanya ixabiso nokubaluleka ezafunyanwa eyikhomishini ezizodwa sele iqokelelwe. Messerschmidt sele ihlawulwe zonke iindleko zehambo. Kwakhona naye wasiwa umrhumo ukubhengeza izibakala ezininzi malunga imiboniso ekhaya.

meaning Kunstkamery

Ubukhulu becala ngenxa Kunstkammer of St. Petersburg iye yaba likomkhulu yenzululwazi lizwe. Apha ke imyuziyam lokuqala zabucala eRashiya. iingangamsha abaninzi azizityebi baqala ukuhlangana iingqokelela zabo, baye babonisa esidlangalaleni emagumbini ezizodwa.

Yokufuna ulwazi ngokwayo namhlanje imyuziyam yabantu, apho yonke imihla uqokelela isixa esikhulu umphakathi ukwazi. Wanikwa igama Peter I ukuqaphela iinkonzo yakhe enkulu inzululwazi lwasekhaya.