Aleksey Adashev - kelelo Ivana Groznogo: biography, usapho

Ekhumbula imbali eminyaka, sisoloko sithetha Kubaphathi, silibale ukuba ukumkani akunakwenzeka ukuba ukuzilawula ngempumelelo ngaphandle amagcisa abazinikeleyo kunye nabacebisi. Ukuba igcinwe inxalenye enkulu yonyango karhulumente. Enye Abalawuli ubalaseleyo ixesha Ivana Groznogo waba Aleksey Adashev. biography emfutshane iqabane omkhulu Russian Tsar kwaye iya kuba ngumba isifundo sethu.

kwiminyaka yokuqala

Malunga neminyaka yokuqala Alekseya Adasheva phantse nto iyaziwa. Nditsho umhla wokuzalwa kwakhe kuhlala imfihlelo kuthi. Ngoko ke, ayikwazi kubizwa ngokuba kwiminyaka ngqo yobomi bakhe.

Ngelo xesha siyazi ukuba uThemba wayengunyana ka olinene kunye Voivod Fedora Grigorevicha Adasheva ezivela hayi amanene kakhulu Kostroma uhlobo Olgovo. Igama umama kutshata naye ingaziwa. Ukongeza, uAlex waba umzalwana omncinane uDaniyeli.

Sisihlandlo sokuqala encwadini yeembali Alexei Adasheva ebesiphe ekwaluphaleni kwakhe aqolileyo, oko kukuthi ngowe-1547.

Amanyathelo okuqala kwinkonzo yoMlawuli

Ngoko ke, njengoko kutshiwo ngasentla, kuqala Alexei Adashev waya ingqalelo chroniclers ngo-1547, xa kudlalwa kule kumtshato Tsar Ioanna Groznogo kunye nesikhundla movnika lozhnichego, umsebenzi ogama ukuba zastilanie isilili somtshato. Kukho ngaye kunye nenkosikazi yakhe Anastasia.

Emva kwesi siganeko, Aleksey Adashev waba ubhalo ingaguqukanga of yemihla ezahlukeneyo zemihla ngemihla, yena ngakumbi sinyukele inkonzo, besondela uKhesare kunye echaphazela oku.

izenzakalo ezibalulekile

Zaguquka ukuba ekugqibeleni wagqiba usondela Aleksey Adasheva uIvan abangcangcazelisi waba odumileyo Moscow umlilo ka 1547 kunye neziganeko ezilandelayo emva kwakhe.

Kwaqhambuka ehlotyeni "umlilo omkhulu" yatshabalalisa amakhaya angaphezulu kwama-25,000 Muscovites. Abantu baqalisa ukutyhola "yembutho kaThixo" ozelwe ukumkani Glinskikh John izalamane unina, owathi ngelo xesha yaba negalelo elikhulu. ukunganeliseki Popular kwaqhubeka kwaba imvukelo okukhokelele kwenye sodidi Glinsky lakrazuka ziingceba yi isihlwele, kunye nohlobo lwepropati kwaba nobudlova.

Ekugqibeleni, wakwazi ukweyisela bavukeli ukuphelisa olahlwa. Noko ke, le imvukelo wenze ingcamango ebalulekileyo kwi Ivana Groznogo oselula, kwaye kwanyanzeleka ukuba ukuhlaziya ngokupheleleyo umgaqo-nkqubo yayo. Yena yinkomo edla wazikhuphulula kwezo Glinsky kunye nezinye izinduna emihle, kodwa ndondlelwe abantu abatsha, ongenamlibo wakuzalwa ezide ezinjalo. Phakathi kwabo kwakukho Aleksey Adashev.

umsebenzi kaRhulumente

Emva kwezi ziganeko, oko waqala ukunyuka ngokukhawuleza Alexei Adasheva. Kunye naye kukumkani wasondela enye indoda neznatny - umbingeleli uSylvester. Baba negalelo elikhulu nokumkani yamncedisa ekuqhubeni eli lizwe.

Ngowe-1549 waba intloko Adashev okhethiweyo bonwabile. Yaba uhlobo urhulumente ethe nje udale Ivan Grozny. Iminyaka umsebenzi ekhethiweyo ekudlalelwa ezilungileyo, ukuba sele kudale linani iinguqulelo. Oko ngeli xesha ngokuba yokuqala Zemsky Sobor eRashiya - umzimba izindlu ummeli, into efana ipalamente mihla. Ngowe-1551, ibandla yaqhutywa Stoglavy Cathedral. Ukongeza, Adashev Alexei Fedorovich yathatha inxaxheba lusenza negalelo kuphuhliso Sudebnik, eyapapashwa ngo-1550. Kwangaloo nyaka, Ivan Grozny wamnika kwisihloko okolnichy.

Kulomcimbi Alexei Adashev kunye nomsebenzi ozakuzo. Yena thethwana Kazan Khanate, uMyalelo Livonian, i Nogai mkhosi mkhulu kunene, ubukumkani iPoland Denmark. Ngapha koko, yathatha inxaxheba ngokukhutheleyo kokuba kuthinjwe Kazan ngo-1552, nto leyo umsebenzi zobunjineli.

Ngxabano ne Romanovs

Ngeli xesha, enkosi umtshato yokumkani John Anastasia Romanovna rose uhlanga Zakharins, kamva eyaziwa ngokuba Romanovs, owasinika eRashiya eziliqela ookumkani nabalawuli. Baqala ke ukuba ukukhuphisana ngengcwangu kumzabalazo nempembelelo kukumkani Adasheva kunye uSylvester.

Kukutshintsha kule mpi yaqala ngo-1553, xa Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich wagula kakhulu. Emva koko wabuza ukuba zonke zayo wafunga njengoko ukumkani elizayo unyana wakhe Anastasia Romanovna - nguDmitry. Kwakufuneka ukwenza kuquka umza Tsar Vladimir Andreevich Staritsky, ngokwesiko endala yokuba ilungelo kwetrone kuqala. nobukhosi Uthelekelelo yahlulwe amaqela amabini: elinye ngokukweka wafunga umthetheli kunye nezinye inamathele Vladimir Staritsky.

Adashev Alexei Fedorovich nangoko wafunga nguDmitry, kodwa uyise Fyodor wala ukwenza njalo, ngenxa yokoyika ekomelezeni ngakumbi Romanovs. Emva kwesi siganeko kwaye kwakhona ukumkani Ivana Groznogo ukuba ayeke ukuphatha usapho Adasheva ekwenzeni efanayo.

Nangona snap ebandayo uza kuza nxamnye nokumkani Ivan Alexei Adasheva wokugqibela ixesha elide kwaba nempembelelo kwimicimbi yoluntu.

ihlazo

Kunjalo, le meko loo nto ndinokuyenza rhoqo, kwaye Alexei Fedorovich ngokuphelele oku. Yena eyayingazange ulahlekiswe yokuba uyise kungekudala emva kwakhona Ivana Groznogo wafumana isikhundla boyar. Romanovs nangakumbi indawo yayo njengoko Adashev uSylvester kwaye ziba ubala. Nangona kokufa Tsarevich nguDmitry kwangolu 1553, i Romanovs baba okukhulu azinampembelelo umlawuli.

Nciphisa ubushushu ubudlelane phakathi ukumkani Alekseem Adashevym kwenzeka ngo-1560. Kanye ngaphambi kokuba iMfazwe Livonian waqala aseBalti, kunye Alexei Fedorovich wakhetha ukuya khona, kude enkundleni. Esi siganeko kuthathelwa ingqalelo uhlobo yokuthinjwa obekekileyo. Alekseyu Adashevu wanikwa isikhundla kwirhuluneli. engemveleli wakhe ngqo yaba Prince Mstislav.

Kodwa Alexei Fedorovich ayizange ibenze honours yombutho amasimi Livonia, njengoko kulo nyaka ukumkanikazi Anastasia wafa, nto leyo nomsindo ukumkani uYohane ngokunxulumene uhlobo Adasheva. Ngoko Aleksey Adashev wathunyelwa kwinqaba Dorpat kwi kummandla Estonia namhlanje entolongweni.

ukufa

Kwakuxa kwintolongo Dorpat, wafa ngo-1561 Alexey Adashev. Ukufa kwaba ngenxa nangecesina, kuye lo uyintloko owayesakuba abagulayo Okhethiweyo Ndiyavuya ke ngenxa iinyanga ezimbini. Ngelo xesha ukufa kufutshane Alexei Fedorovich engenazo iintsapho, akukho izalamane, akukho abahlobo. Yaphela ke iminyaka yobomi ngomnye wabantu abaninzi ebonakalayo kwilizwe lethu ixesha labo.

Noko ke, ukufa onjalo, kunokwenzeka ukuba wamsindisa isiphelo kakhulu ngakumbi, abezilungisele Tsar Ivan abangcangcazelisi kunye Romanov. Ubungqina oku kunokuba ukuba kungekudala emva kokufa Alexei Adasheva wabulawa umzalwana wakhe uDaniyeli, kunye nonyana wakhe Tarhov. A nxi efanayo okwandihlelayo namanye amalungu sodidi Adasheva leyo phantse yaphela. UYise Alexis noDaniyeli Adasheva, Fyodor, wafa emva ngo 1556 of okuzenzekeleyo.

yokuhlola umsebenzi

Kakade ke, asizizo zonke nani kwinkulungwane XVI lwaluqaqambile kakhulu kwimbali yesizwe njengoko Alexei Adashev. Uphawu umsebenzi wayo siyinikwe mbali abaninzi umdla kakhulu. Ukuze credit ayo, wabeka ukusekwa bamaziko oluntu kunye nendlela eqhelekileyo yokuvuselelwa. Yinyani eli xesha yathatha nto elide. Ingakumbi owahlukileyo kuthelekiswa ixesha imisebenzi esebenzayo Adasheva ibukeka owabakhoyo emva kokuba ukususwa kwakhe kwimibandela karhulumente era oprichnina kunye obscurantism kwandile.

Kakade ke, izenzo ukuze kuxhamle iLizwe loobawo Alexei Adasheva njengofanelwe Ufundo ngobomi bakhe.