Cone kuvuka izityalo esiqwini. ingubo Educational

Izityalo zikhula kubo bonke ubomi babo, yaye oku nokukwazi ngokupheleleyo buyazohlula kwizilwanyana. Indima iphambili ukuyilwa amahlumelo amatsha indawo yokukhula kudlala - isakhiwo eyodwa apho iiseli ukwabela rhoqo. Le ndawo ukwakweli iincopho kidney, kwakunye njengezona izikhondo engundoqo. Njani izityalo ukulawula ukuqhubeka bekhula?

Cone ukunyuka: yintoni kwaye yintoni indima yalo?

Xa kwiincopho izityalo stem kwaye ingcambu okhethekileyo indawo candelo, oluthi luqokelelane iiseli meristem. Olona phawu yale esiqwini sesityalo kukukwazi ukuba ngokuqhubekekayo yaye ngokukhawuleza yahlula, nto leyo ekhokelela ekubeni ukwanda amalungu omzimba wonke ubude ubukhulu.

ilaphu lemfundo nayo ibekwe kwi kwiincopho kidney eluhlaza. Eneneni, isizathu sokuba omnye wabo kwaye kukho amahlumelo amatsha, nto leyo evumela isityalo ukwandisa phezu indawo enkulu kwaye ufumane amandla elanga yefotosinthesisi. Kukho iindidi ezintathu kwezintso: terminal, osecaleni ezikhaphayo. Eyokuqala ibekwe njengezona kwisityalo, kunye nendawo kwabo ukukhula kuvumela umzimba ikhule ubude. amathupha lateral afumaneka esiqwini kwaye zinoxanduva eyayizalwa, okt ukuyilwa Kuphendula icala. amathupha ezikhaphayo zithathwa aleleyo lusebenze xa bema phezulu umsantsa meristem.

Yintoni na cone ukukhula? Okokuqala, oko ukhandwa kwiiseli ze meristem, leyo mabayahlule ngokukhawuleza yaye kamva xa eyalela zonke ezinye emzimbeni. Okwesibini, ummandla lokukhula ibekwe kufuphi likhaba oludala, amagqabi kunye adubule sekukubi sekukubi, nto leyo eya kuba sisiseko ukuyilwa ungobalekayo oselula.

Cone avuke isiqu kunye ingcambu

inyama Educational kuqwalasele kakhulu ezincotsheni kwizityalo, oko kukuthi njengezona isiqu kunye incam nengcambu. Le elisisiqu ngoko, njengoko ingcambu, ukwanda ubude bayo ngenxa nokwahlukana kweeseli mesodermal. Nevuthisayo, bona, kuba likwiphulo sizimisele ukwenza iintlobo ezintsha iseli kunye namalaphu. Le elisisiqu ilaphu conductive (xylem kunye phloem), okwakha, osithelisayo, njalo-njalo. D.

indawo ukukhula kweengcambu uneempawu zawo. Ekubeni ekupheleni iingcambu kwaye linoxanduva ukukhula ubude, umhlaba oqinileyo ziza kukhawuleza phantsi iindonga ezingcakacileyo iiseli zomzimba yezemfundo, apho wayeza kuyeka inkqubo ngokucandeka. Ngoko ke, phezu ummandla ukwahlula yingcambu ikepusi, apho iiseli sloughed kude nomhlaba, ngolo hlobo kukhuselwa iiseli asesichengeni mesoderm kunye nezinto yangaphakathi ekwanti ezinceda ukukhuthaza isityalo ilungu kwincam phantsi komhlaba.

Meristem - plant inyama zemfundo

Yengubo, enze uninzi ithupha ezikhulayo, iziqu kunye neengcambu, yaziwa ngokuba "meristem". Le Ilaphu lemfundo ubunjwe iiseli ezincinane zibhityile Undibiyele, nto leyo abe kernel enkulu kunye vacuoles ezincinane ezininzi. umsebenzi Meristem - eli candelo seli ngokukhawuleza kunye nokwanda izityalo zokubasa.

Kwasendaweni meristem yahlulwe apical, osecaleni eyodwa.

• meristems Apical zisendaweni iincam iziqu kunye neengcambu. umsebenzi wabo ephambili kukwandisa ubude kwisityalo.
• Ring Ilaphu lemfundo zimelwe cambium apha esikhondweni kwaye ingcambu pericycle. Kule izityalo meristem herbaceous kuphela ngokukhawuleza, kwaye enemithi ongatshiyo na yenza kube lula ukuba ekunqandeni ukukhula kweengcambu ububanzi. Ngenxa yoko le meristem osecaleni abunjwe njalo kuxokwa-amakhonkco yonyaka.

• Eyodwa, okanye eyodwa, meristem na kummandla herbaceous izityalo nodes. Best konke, eli hlobo yemfundo wabonakaliswa laphu abangabembewu okuziinkozo, njengokuba uxanduva ukwanda ubude interstices.

meristems inxeba Kwakhona zodwa, akhiwa endaweni umonakalo emzimbeni isityalo despecialization engqonge zomzimba (idla ngokuba parenchyma).

Ngexesha elivela kuzo meristem zahlulwe zibe eziziprayimari nezizisekondari. Ifomu yokuqala yomzimba ndiseyimbumba, yaye amele ukuba sele luyaphucuka izityalo abaselula kwakhiwa.

Ukusebenzisa iimpawu ze-meristem umkhanya xa efundisa

Ngamanye amaxesha izilwanyana okanye izityalo umyezo ziqala ukukhula ngokukhawuleza ubude, hayi eyayizalwa zibe amahlumelo ezincinane ezisecaleni. Ukuthintela ukukhula stem ngokugqithiseleyo ukuphakama, aze asebenzise ukusoka phezulu kwayo. Ngenxa yoko, cone ukukhula shwaka, nesityalo aqalise eyayizalwa elibonakalayo ngenxa gusset kwicala kunye nezintso.

Ukuba, phezu koko, kuyimfuneko ukwenza inkqubo lokukhula ubude, lungisa phezulu isiqu nayiphi na imeko engenakwenzeka. Oku kuya kukhokelela ekubeni ukulahleka inyama yemfundo elinoxanduva ukwanda yezityalo.

isiphelo

Vuka Cone kudlala indima enkulu ekukhuleni izihluma. It ukhandwa kwiiseli ze meristem, okanye ilaphu zemfundo, nto leyo idala amahlumelo amatsha apical and lateral. Cone ke nokonyuka nezintso, ekhusela meristem ukusuka kokusingqongileyo. Eneneni, nayiphi na yaliqhina simenza ngokubaleka entsha emva kolwahlulo ngokuthi iiseli mesoderm.